马克思生态伦理思想研究

发布时间：2018-01-01 19:18

  本文关键词：马克思生态伦理思想研究　出处：《辽宁大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 马克思 生态伦理 人与自然 生态文明

【摘要】：20世纪中后期,随着工业文明的迅猛发展,导致生态问题的日益严重,环境保护运动逐渐兴起,生态环境问题开始被学术界所关注,学者们试图在历史上有重大影响的理论或学说中探索和发掘能够解决当代生态问题的有效途径,马克思关于生态伦理的思想就是在这样的时代背景下成为了理论的热点。马克思生活的19世纪生态问题初步显现,马克思作为伟大的思想家虽然没有专门的著作对生态伦理问题进行研究,但在马克思的诸多著作中都内含关于人与自然关系的学说,其实质就是生态伦理问题。对马克思生态伦理思想研究最早的多为西方学者,国内学术界更热衷于西方环境伦理和中国古代环境伦理的研究,所以对马克思生态伦理思想的研究较少并且不够全面和系统。因此,对马克思生态伦理思想的系统研究和探索是十分必要的。本文从马克思的经典著作入手,从中探寻马克思对人与自然之间伦理关系、以自然为中介的人与人之间伦理关系的理解,以及马克思生态伦理思想的演进和发展过程。本文除绪论以外分为四个主要部分：第一部分本文考察和分析了马克思生态伦理思想的现实基础和理论来源,即马克思生态伦理思想所产生的历史背景。从马克思生活的年代所显现的生态问题着手分析了马克思生态伦理思想的现实基础,阐述了资本主义工业革命对生态环境的大肆破坏,以及资本主义制度下在资本内在本性的作用下所导致的生态环境危机；同时也探讨了马克思生态伦理思想的理论来源,不仅受到古代西方学者对人与自然关系思想的影响,也吸取和借鉴了德国古典哲学家们对人与自然关系的理解。第二部分本文详细的考察了马克思生态伦理思想的发展历程。从马克思经典著作和文本中梳理出马克思对人与自然关系问题研究的演进历程,在萌芽阶段从马克思的博士论文等文章中阐发了对人与自然之间伦理关系的初步理解,阐释了马克思的自我意识与自然存在统一的思想,以及马克思最初对生态公平公正原则的理解；本文在马克思生态伦理思想形成阶段,这一阶段以《1844年经济学哲学手稿》为标志,马克思在论述了人与自然之间对象性关系的基础上,阐述了《手稿》中的生态伦理思想,其中包括异化理论和共产主义思想,并在随后的著作中进一步阐述了实践的作用；本文在马克思生态伦理思想的深化阶段,批判了资本主义社会工业发展对生态环境的破坏,对自然和人的共同压榨,并提出了自然生产力和社会生产力概念,阐述了对人与自然关系的深入理解,揭示了资本主义制度下所存在的生态问题和社会问题等内容。第三部分本文归纳了马克思生态伦理思想的内容。对马克思生态伦理思想内容的解读主要从自然观、实践观和社会历史观三个方面。首先论述了自然的价值和人的主体性地位,并从对实践的人化自然观的分析详细的阐释了人与自然之间的辩证关系。其次,以实践为出发点,考察了实践的内在要素和自然条件的重要作用,并深入分析人与自然之间的物质变换关系,从科学技术维度如何构建人与自然之间的和谐相处。再次,阐述了资本主义制度与生态危机之间的关系,提出自然、人和社会的有机整体发展,实现自然史和人类史的结合,并建立自然主义与人道主义相结合的共产主义制度。第四部分本文论述了马克思生态伦理思想的当代价值及现实启示。通过对西方生态学马克思主义的研究,理清生态学马克思主义对马克思生态伦理思想的认识和理解,归纳和总结出二者之间的差异性,深入的理解马克思生态伦理思想对西方社会的影响。另外,在马克思生态伦理思想的价值及其对中国生态文明建设的启示,本文总结和归纳了马克思生态伦理思想在中国的发展轨迹及理论成果,从新中国建立时期对自然规律的认识,并在改革开放以来对自然规律的高度重视,以及新时期提倡的可持续发展和保护自然生态环境的生态伦理观,在“五位一体”总布局中所突显的生态伦理内容,同时也阐述了习近平提出的绿色发展理念,彰显出马克思生态伦理思想的重要理论价值和实践价值,并为当代中国发展给予了现实启示,从现实国情出发思考实际的生态问题,反思问题的根源所在,生态问题的消解应当着力于对人们生态保护意识和生态价值观的培养与教育,并以生态伦理的法治建设为保障,在生态文明建设的过程中实现生态伦理理论与具体实践相融合,进而发挥马克思生态伦理思想在实践中的现实价值。本文旨在系统的研究马克思生态伦理思想,希望从中探索和总结出马克思生态伦理思想的主要内容,并把理论与现实相结合来证实马克思生态伦理思想的科学性与实践性,马克思生态伦理思想为我国社会主义生态文明建设提供了理论来源和实践动力,不仅促进了当代中国对马克思生态伦理思想的深入发展,同时也为协调人与自然之间关系、真正实现经济建设与生态保护同步发展提供了有效的途径。
[Abstract]:In late twentieth Century, with the rapid development of industrial civilization, leading to ecological problems are increasingly serious, the environmental protection movement gradually rise, environmental problems have been concerned by the academic circles, scholars have tried to explore the effective way to explore and to solve the contemporary ecological problems of theories have great influence in history, Marx thought about ecological ethics is under the background of this era has become hotspot. Theory initially appeared in nineteenth Century the ecological problems of Marx's life, Marx as a great thinker although there is no special work study on the ecological ethics problem, but in many of Marx's works have been included on the relationship between man and nature theory, its essence is ecological ethics the problem. The analysis of Marx's thought of ecological ethics is the earliest western scholars, domestic academic circles are more interested in western environmental ethics and Study on environmental ethics of ancient China, so the research on Marx's thought of ecological ethics in less and are not comprehensive and systematic. Therefore, a systematic study of Marx's thought of ecological ethics and exploration is very necessary. This paper from Marx's classic works of Marx to explore the ethical relationship between man and nature in nature as the ethical relationship the intermediary between people's understanding of the evolution and development process, and Marx's thought of ecological ethics. In addition to the introduction is divided into four main parts: the first part of the thesis investigates and analyses the realistic foundation of Marx's thought of ecological ethics and the theory origin, that is produced by the Marx ecosystem ethics thought the historical background of ecological problems appear. From Marx's life analyzes the realistic foundation of Marx's thought of ecological ethics, expounds the capitalist industrial revolution of students Wanton destruction of the ecological environment, and the capitalist system in the capital nature under the action of the ecological crisis; it also discusses the theoretical source of Marx's thought of ecological ethics, not only influenced by the ancient western scholars on the relationship between man and nature thought, also absorb and draw lessons from the German classical philosophers' understanding of the relationship between man and nature. In the second part, this paper reviews the development of Marx's ecological ethics. From the evolution of Marx out of the relationship between man and nature of Marx classics and text, in the bud stage analysis of the preliminary understanding of the ethical relationship between man and nature in Marx's doctoral thesis in this article, the self the natural consciousness and explains Marx's unified thought, and Marx's original understanding of the principle of ecological justice in this paper; Marx thought of ecological ethics in the formation stage, this stage by <1844 as a symbol of economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 >, Marx discusses the object of the relationship between man and nature, expounds the ecological ethics of < > in the manuscript, including the theory of alienation and communism thought, and in the subsequent work of further elaboration the role of practice; the deepening stage of Marx's ecological ethics ideology, critique of capitalist society Industrial Development on the ecological damage to the environment, the common exploitation of nature and people, and put forward the concept of natural and social productive forces, expounds the understanding of the relationship between man and nature, reveals the capitalist system the ecological and social problems. The third part of this paper summarizes the contents of Marx's ecological ethics. The interpretation of Marx's thought of ecological ethics main content From the view of nature, view of practice and historical view of three aspects. First discusses the value of nature and subjectivity of human, and from the analysis of the practical view of humanized nature explain the dialectical relationship between man and nature. Secondly, to practice as a starting point, an important role in the practice of internal investigation the elements and natural conditions, and in-depth analysis of the material transformation between man and nature, from the science and technology dimensions of how to construct the harmony between man and nature. Once again, expounds the relationship between ecological crisis and capitalist system, put forward the natural organic whole, the development of human and society, realize the combination of natural history and human history, and the establishment of naturalism and humanism combined with the Communist system. The fourth part of this article discusses the contemporary value of Marx's thought of ecological ethics and realistic enlightenment on western ecology. By Marx In research, clarify the ecology theory of Marx on Marx's thought of ecological ethics awareness and understanding, and summarized the differences between the two effects, in-depth understanding of Marx's ecological ethics of Western society. In addition, in Marx's thought of ecological ethics and the value of China ecological civilization, this paper summarized and concluded Marx thought of ecological ethics in Chinese history and theoretical results, establishing period of understanding of the laws of nature from the new China, and attaches great importance to the natural law in the reform and opening up, the ecological ethics in the new era and to promote sustainable development and protect the natural ecological environment view, ecological ethics content to highlight the "five in one" in the overall layout, and also elaborates the green development concept put forward by Xi Jinping, highlights the important theoretical price Marx's thought of ecological ethics The value and practical value, and give a realistic enlightenment for the development of contemporary Chinese, ecological problems from the actual situation of thinking, root reflection, dispelling ecological problems should focus on the cultivation of people awareness of ecological protection and ecological values and ecological ethics education, and to the construction of the rule of law for the protection of ecological ethical theory and practice of the integration in the process of the construction of ecological civilization, and then play the realistic value of Marx's thought of ecological ethics in practice. This paper aims to study Marx's ecological ethics system, hope to explore and summarize the main content of Marx's thought of ecological ethics from it, and the combination of theory and reality that science and the practice of Marx's ecological ethics, provides a theoretical and practical origin of Marx's ecological ethics for the construction of socialist ecological civilization It not only promotes the deep development of Marx's ecological ethics in contemporary China, but also provides an effective way to coordinate the relationship between man and nature and truly realize the simultaneous development of economic construction and ecological protection.

【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：A81
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本文编号：1365845