刘少奇忧患意识研究

发布时间：2018-01-12 17:29

  本文关键词：刘少奇忧患意识研究　出处：《天津师范大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 刘少奇 忧患意识 党的建设

【摘要】：忧患意识在中华文化中源远流长。忧患是一种经历过困苦患难的境遇,尔后知居安思危的智慧,我们的祖先将它形象地解释为"犹患难"。用历史唯物主义和辩证唯物主义观点分析,忧患由责任发端,促使人们全面、发展地看问题,以图达到消忧弭患之目的,是一种责任意识、全局意识、前瞻意识和图强意识。与其他思想意识一样,忧患意识源于实践,同时被实践所检验,具有鲜明的阶级性、社会性、时代性和实践性,其功能在于预判未来之趋势、揭示现实之危机、凝聚社会之力量。历史一再证明,一个国家的繁荣昌盛、一个民族的兴旺发达,与具备科学的忧患意识密不可分。建党九十余年来,中国共产党人筚路蓝缕、披荆斩棘,艰苦探寻中国革命、建设和改革开放事业的客观规律,高瞻远瞩谋划国家发展和人民生活改善,主动承担起实现中华民族伟大复兴的历史责任。在此过程中,形成了以马克思主义为指导,以忧国、忧民、忧党为主要内容,以更好履行党的执政使命、全面推动党的事业发展为根本目的的忧患意识。刘少奇的忧患意识是其极为重要的组成部分。与大多数中共早期领导人的经历相似,刘少奇的青少年时代恰逢国家出现"数千年未有之大变局",既在历史的惯性里接受了系统的中华传统文化教育,也在寻路的历程中接触过各种新奇思想,历经波折才找寻到马克思主义;走上革命道路后,他领导过工人运动,也从事过秘密战线工作,不仅具有丰富的地方工作和群众工作经验,还曾主持中央一线工作多年,是中共党内一位比较全面的领导人,也是深怀忧患的一位领导人。可以说,刘少奇的忧患意识有着深厚的历史文化渊源和丰富的实践依据。时代唤醒了刘少奇早已内化于心的"经世济民"之志向和振兴中华之担当;马克思主义推动其忧患意识更加科学、更加全面;领导中国革命和建设的历史实践又使其忧国、忧民、忧党意识不断拓展、持续深化。刘少奇的忧患意识,有一个随中国革命和建设主线发展而发展,并与其人生不同阶段的特征相关联的发展演进历程。它孕育于刘少奇的少年时代,生成于二十世纪二三十年代,大致随着中国共产党在领导全民族抗战的历程中发展壮大而逐步发展成熟,又因中国共产党的历史使命变化而发生转化和新的发展。根据刘少奇各个时期忧患意识的主题和特点,可将其演进过程划分为孕育(1920年以前)、生成(1920—1937年)、发展(1937—1945年)、转化与新的发展(1945—1969年)四个阶段。这一过程,既与他青少年时代的生活和所受教育、迈上革命道路后的历练与实践、担任中央领导职务后的经历与思考等密切相关,又与他参加革命后不断深化对世情、国情、党情的认识紧密相连,既是其本人进行长期实践和总结的过程,也是中国共产党第一代领导集体政治智慧不断积累与升华的过程。刘少奇忧患意识的主要内容与其所从事的革命和建设事业高度契合,主要包括忧国、忧民、忧党三个方面,并且在新中国成立前后有显著的变化。从忧国意识看,在新中国建立之前,他投身革命,忧国之将亡,救国于即倾;在全国解放之后,他领导建设,忧国之落后,谋国之发展。从忧民意识看,他在新中国成立前主要忧农民、工人等处于社会底层的劳动人民生活之贫苦和政治上受到帝国主义、封建主义、官僚资本主义的压迫,建国后主要忧人民群众生活水平提高不明显以及党和政府不熟悉、不重视民生工作。从忧党意识看,刘少奇主要忧党在思想、组织和作风建设方面存在的问题。他对中共自身建设的关注点,有些从建党初期一直持续到新中国成立后,有些则是阶段性的,随不同历史时期党的工作重心变换而有所侧重。其中,他对党员在思想上入党、提升党员的理论素养、选好用准干部、开展正常的党内斗争、坚持群众路线、贯彻民主集中制原则,预防和打击腐败等方面,始终保持着较高的关注度。刘少奇忧患意识的历史贡献主要集中在两个层面。在理论层面,丰富了中国共产党人的忧患意识,开拓了中国共产党人运用历史唯物主义和辩证唯物主义的新境界,对于中国共产党第一代领导集体了解、掌握马克思列宁主义的精髓,并将之与中国实际相结合,从而形成第一次历史性飞跃,起到了重要的推动作用。在实践层面,继承和发扬了中国传统治国理政理念中的精华,并在现代历史条件下居安思危,持续推动中国革命和建设事业发展,特别是在忧患意识指导下,提出一系列有关党的建设的重要理论,对于中国共产党的不断发展壮大居功至伟。刘少奇的忧患意识从实践中来,又经过实践的检验,对中国共产党在新的历史时期进一步加强和改进党的建设,更好地落实"四个全面"战略布局,带领全国人民实现"两个一百年"奋斗目标,有着重要的现实借鉴意义,也昭示了执政党只有具备了科学的忧患意识方能有效应对各方面的风险和挑战。
[Abstract]:The sense of history in Chinese culture. Suffering is an experienced hardship in the situation, and then know in the wisdom of our ancestors, it vividly interpreted as "Jude trouble". With the analysis of historical materialism and dialectical materialism, by the end of suffering responsibility hair makes people look at the issue, comprehensive development in order to eliminate any worries, purpose, is a kind of responsibility consciousness, global consciousness, forward thinking and consciousness. Like other thoughts and strong consciousness, suffering consciousness comes from practice, and practice inspection, has a class of distinct sociality, times and practicality, its function is to predict the future the trend, to reveal the real crisis, social cohesion and strength. History has repeatedly proved that a thriving and prosperous country, a nation's prosperity, and have close scientific sense. The founding of ninety years, a total of Chinese The Communist Party of China, people arduous way, hard to explore the objective law of China revolution, construction and reform and opening up the national development plan, look far ahead from a high plane and the improvement of people's life, the initiative to assume the historical responsibility to achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. In this process, the formation of the Marx doctrine as a guide, to the country, people worry about the party, as the main content, to better fulfill the party's mission, to promote the development of the party's cause is the fundamental purpose of the consciousness of Liu Shaoji's suffering consciousness is the extremely important part. And most of the early leaders of the Chinese Communist Party experienced similar Liu Shaoji youth "coincides with the state for thousands of years have seen big changes, not only in the history of the the inertia accepted the traditional Chinese culture and education system, also met with a variety of new ideas in the process of wayfinding, twists and turns to find the Marx doctrine; go On the road of revolution, he led the workers' movement, but also engaged in secret front work, not only has the rich local work and mass work experience, also presided over the central line of work for many years, the Chinese Communist Party is a comprehensive leader, is also deeply suffering a leader. It can be said that Liu Shaoji's anxiety consciousness has a profound historical and cultural origins and rich practical basis. Liu Shaoji had awakened the era of ambition internalized in the heart "and" responsibility and rejuvenation of the Marx doctrine; promote the sense of more scientific, more comprehensive; leadership China historical practice of revolution and construction and the country, people worry about the party. The consciousness of development, continue to deepen. Liu Shaoji's sense of urgency, there is a Chinese with the revolution and construction line development, and related characteristics of different stages of life and the evolution. Conceived in Liu Shaoji's boyhood, created in twentieth Century 20s and 30s, with approximately China Communist Party in the national war of resistance in the process of leadership development and gradually mature, and because of the historical mission of the Communist Party of Chinese change and transform and new development. According to the theme and characteristics of each period Liu Shaoji hardship consciousness, the evolution of the process is divided into gestation (before 1920), generation (1920 - 1937), development (1937 - 1945), transformation and new development (1945 - 1969) in four stages. In this process, not only with his young age life and education experience and practice, step on the road of revolution after. As the central leadership positions after the experience and thinking are closely related, and he joined the revolution after the continuous deepening of the world situation, understand the situation closely, not only its own conduct long-term practice and summary of the process, but also Is the political wisdom of the first generation of collective leadership Chinese accumulation process and the sublimation of the revolution and construction. The main contents of Liu Shaoji's sense of hardship and are engaged in highly fit, including the country, the country and the people, the three aspects of the party concerned, and there is significant change before and after the new Chinese was established. From the 'awareness, in the new Chinese before the establishment, he joined the revolution, the country will perish, save in that list; in the country after the liberation, he led the construction of the country backward, mouguo development. From his consciousness, he in the new China before the establishment of the main concern of farmers, workers in the bottom of the social and political life of the poor working people on by imperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat capitalism's oppression, the main worry after the founding of the people's living standards improve significantly, the party and the government are not familiar with, do not pay attention to people's livelihood. From the party consciousness, Liu Shaoji The main party in ideology, organization and style of existing problems in the construction of the Communist Party of China. He concerns the construction of some of the early founding until after the founding of new China, some is the stage, with the focus of transformation in different historical periods and different emphases. The party, he thought of Party members in the join the party, enhance the theory accomplishment of Party members, quasi selected cadres to carry out normal inner-Party struggle, adhere to the mass line, implement the principle of democratic centralism, to prevent and combat corruption, has always maintained a high degree of concern. The historical contribution of Liu Shaoji's sense of hardship is mainly concentrated in two aspects. In theory, enrich the Chinese the Communist Party's sense of urgency, opened up a new realm of China Communists with historical materialism and dialectical materialism, China for the first generation of collective leadership understand, master Marx Lenin The meaning of the essence, and combining with the actual China, thus forming the first historical leap, played an important role. In practice, inherit and carry forward the essence of traditional Chinese rule in political philosophy, and danger in modern historical conditions, continue to push the Chinese revolution and construction career development in particular, in the sense of guidance, put forward a series of important theory about the construction of the party, for the continuous development and expansion of the Communist Party of China tribute. Liu Shaoji's suffering consciousness from practice, and through the test of practice, the Chinese Communist Party in the new historical period to further strengthen and improve Party building, better the implementation of "four comprehensive" strategic layout, leading the Chinese people to realize the "two one hundred year" goal, has important practical significance, also shows that the ruling party only with the scientific consciousness of Party Can effectively deal with all aspects of the risks and challenges.

【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D239
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本文编号：1415252