鲁迅语文观及其实践

发布时间：2018-01-14 00:19

本文关键词：鲁迅语文观及其实践　出处：《南开大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文关注的中心是鲁迅在中国语文现代转化过程中对汉语文的思考、认识、探索、创新及其当代价值。本文将鲁迅的创作、翻译、编辑、演讲、校勘等所有以文字形式流传下来的材料作为研究鲁迅语文观念与实践的核心材料,将各类传记、回忆录、鲁迅研究资料中所涉及的有关其教育经历特别是学习国文与外语的情况,其文学活动、教学活动以及近九十年来鲁迅在语文教学中的情况等作为重要的考察对象,来思考由鲁迅构建的语文世界以及这一世界在中国现代语文的形成与发展中所具有的意义和产生的作用。论文主体部分共四章：第一章从鲁迅语文实践中的“矛盾”(如他在言论上反古书、咒文言,行动上却读古书不辍,写文言不绝；他力倡废除方块字、实行汉字拉丁化,却又热衷汉字研究,敏于文字游戏等)入手,以其一生的语文实践为基础,探讨了形成上述“矛盾”的原因(因沉潜于传统语文而形成的个人“趣味”和由修习异域语文而生发出的民族“责任”感共生共存；因“为自己和为别人的设想,是两样的”而产生的“自言”与“倡言”两种不同的言说姿态)；并在此基础上分析了鲁迅“在言说中确立自我”的语文立场与希望人人都能“声发自心、意达于文”的语文理想。第二章主要从两个方面探讨了鲁迅的现代语文思想：一是立足于鲁迅的语文实践,分析他对中国现代语文发展方向的认识及其现代语文建设思想,提出鲁迅既强调顺应时代潮流,积极变革中国语文,又尊重个体基于历史和民族文化而形成的传统语文趣味与表达习惯,所以,他并不反对个体读古书、写文言,但坚决抵制各类妄图将中国现代语文重新纳入以文言为正宗之发展轨道的复古派；分析了鲁迅的“识字”、“写话”思想,并从四个方面论说了鲁迅的不求“普遍、永久、完全”,而倡导“多元、切实、发展”的现代语文建设思想。二是以“文”这一具有中国文化特色的概念为依托,在“文”之传统与现代的背景下,考察了鲁迅对“文”的态度(在“怀疑”中“坚守”)与追求(祛魅与布新)；从倡导大众语文与剖析文术得失两方面分析了鲁迅为“文”由传统走向现代所做的努力；并在对鲁迅所重视的“文”之要素分析的基础上总结了鲁迅对“文”的现代追求：以“错综”、“锦绣”之“文”“启人生之暉机”。第三章主要从鲁迅对本土与异域语文资源的认识与开掘方面考察他对现代语文发展的贡献。本土语文资源,在鲁迅主要表现为对文言和民间语文的创造性运用——对汉字潜能的开掘与对民间语文智慧的汲取使鲁迅的表达既深刻准确又生动丰富。鲁迅的“洋气”翻译观和“硬译”主张充分体现了他对异域语文资源的尊重,而从他对中文章法与句法的创新中也可以发现他对“日化”“欧化”语文手法的借鉴。第四章围绕鲁迅与中国现代语文教育的关系重点探讨了两个问题：一是作为现代语文教育资源的鲁迅及其作品,提出不但鲁迅之文是学生感受和体悟汉语文魅力的重要素材,其语文实践亦可为当代语文教育提供借鉴。二是反思和总结近九十年来的鲁迅作品教学,提出可通过贯彻“语文本位”与“因材施教”的原则来更好地发挥鲁迅在语文教育中的作用。
[Abstract]:The main topic of this thesis is Lu Xun of Chinese thinking, in modern Chinese China transformation process understanding, exploration, innovation and contemporary value. This will be Lu Xun's creation, translation, editing, proofreading and speech, all in the form of text spread down the material as a core material of Lu Xun's Chinese concept and practice, all kinds of biography Lu Xun, memoirs, involved in the research data about their educational experience especially in learning Chinese and foreign language, the literary activities, teaching activities and nearly ninety years of Lu Xun in the Chinese teaching as an important object of thinking, to construct the Chinese world by Lu Xun and the world are in the formation and development of modern Chinese China in significance and effect.
There are four chapters in the main part of the paper.
The first chapter from the contradiction between Chinese practice "Lu Xun" (as he books, in remarks on classical charm action is reading books, he wrote classical never; he advocated the abolition of Chinese characters, the Chinese characters of Latin, but is keen Chinese characters research, word games etc.) start to practice the language life as a foundation, the paper discusses the causes of the "contradictions" (formed by submerging in traditional Chinese and personal interest and by practicing foreign language and a sense of national responsibility coexist; due to "for themselves and for others the idea, is the two kind of" he "" and "advocate" two different speech gestures); and based on the analysis of Lu Xun "in speech to establish self" Chinese position and wants everyone to "cry from the heart, meaning in the text" the Chinese ideal.
The second chapter mainly discussed from two aspects of Lu Xun's thought of modern Chinese language practice: one is based on Lu Xun's analysis, his understanding of the direction of development of modern Chinese and modern Chinese China construction thought, put forward Lu Xun emphasize the trend of the times, positive change Chinese language, but also respect and expression of the traditional Chinese and the formation of individual interest based on the historical and cultural habits, so he is not against the individual reading ancient books, written in classical Chinese, but in an attempt to resolutely resist all kinds of modern Chinese Chinese back into the teaching of the development track authentic retro camp; the analysis of Lu Xun's "literacy", "writing", and from the four aspects of the theory of Lu Xun don't pursue the "universal, permanent, complete, and advocating the" multiple, practical, the development of "modern Chinese ideological construction. The two is to" text "which is China culture concept as the basis, in The "culture" of the traditional and modern context, examines Lu Xun's attitude of "Wen" (in "doubt" in the "stick") and pursuit (disenchantment and new); from the advocacy of popular language and text analysis and operation analysis of two aspects of Lu Xun "culture" made from tradition to modernity efforts; and analyzes the elements of the basis of the importance of Lu Xun "article" on the summary of Lu Xun "text" of the modern pursuit: "complex", "beautiful" and "Wen" and "Kai Hui life".
The third chapter mainly discusses his contribution to the development of modern Chinese from Lu Xun's understanding and exploration of native and exotic language resources. The local resources in Chinese, Lu Xun mainly for the creative use of the classical and folk language -- on the excavation and draw on the potential Chinese characters of Chinese folk wisdom that Lu Xun is profound and accurate and vivid expression rich. Lu Xun's "western style" translation and "hard translation" that fully reflects his respect for foreign language resources, and found him on the "day" "Europeanization" Chinese style can also learn from his innovation on the syntactic and Chinese rules.
The fourth chapter focuses on the relationship between Lu Xun and modern Chinese education around Chinese discusses two problems: one is Lu Xun and his works as a modern Chinese education resources, the paper put forward not only Lu Xun is students' feelings and understanding of Chinese language charm of the important material, which can provide reference for the practice of Chinese language education. The two generation is a reflection and summary in the past ninety years the teaching of Lu Xun's works, put forward to better play the role of Lu Xun in Chinese education through the implementation of the "Chinese standard" and "individualized" principle.

【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：G633.3

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