中国老龄产业市场化发展研究

发布时间：2018-02-09 15:20

  本文关键词： 老龄产业 市场化 产业化 开发潜力 养老服务业　出处：《吉林大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在整个21世纪上半叶,中国虽然不是世界老龄化程度最严重的国家,却是老龄人口最多的国家。当前,随着中国人口老龄化程度的不断提高,由此产生的社会经济问题已成为政府、学界乃至社会各界高度关注的焦点。近年来,中央相继出台相关政策和意见以应对人口老龄化问题,“十三五”规划纲要明确提出“推动老龄事业全面协调可持续发展,健全养老体系”。习近平总书记也进一步强调要:“坚持应对人口老龄化和促进经济社会发展相结合;努力挖掘人口老龄化给国家发展带来的活力和机遇。”党和政府的高度重视和支持,必将推动我国老龄事业、产业的进一步发展。为此,我们应具备经济运作的高度自觉理性,运用超前的市场意识把握老龄市场变化,积极开展老龄市场的全方位探索。面对日益突出的老龄化问题,中国亟需发展老龄产业,通过政府引导、市场化运作的方式来解决当前的老龄化问题。目前中国老龄人口规模居世界之首,而未来将支撑全球最大的养老(养生)产业群。因此,在中国特色的市场经济下,中国的老龄市场化发展大有可为,快速增加的老龄人口规模以及其所带来的稳定的需求,政府对可控资源的调配能力,都为老龄产业的发展奠定了坚实的市场基础,也为老龄产业的快速发展带来光明的发展前景。针对上述情况,本文探讨我国老龄产业的市场化潜力,并从宏观的市场化政策研究与具体的市场化策略两个维度对我国老龄产业市场化潜力进行研究,既能在一定程度上增强相关研究的理论基础,又能为当前老龄产业转型及政府的政策制定提供有益的指导,可以说具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。老龄产业问题涉及到经济学、社会学、医学、管理学等学科,本文是基于社会主义市场经济理论,运用经济分析手段,研究老龄产业市场化发展问题,主要涉及的内容以经济学为主,并辅以一些社会学的相关研究。通过文献的梳理与对比分析,我们可以发现老龄产业在中国实际还是一个新兴产业,其研究侧重于认知介绍与发展趋势的研究以及国外经验的引入等方面。虽然近期研究成果已经较以往有了进一步的深化,但更多的是从社会学及政策性的角度来看待问题,缺乏系统的经济学分析与策划,有关文献研究内容研究方向比较发散,理论研究并不系统。而西方的研究侧重于用经济学以及经济交换的角度来看待老龄产业相关问题,但西方并无与中国传统孝道文化背景,其消费方式和社会保障制度也与中国并不相同,所以其在考虑产品设计、市场开发实践方面虽可以借鉴,却是中国所不能复制的,有些研究并不符合中国国情,是需要我们采取批判的态度看待。为了更清楚、更深入地研究中国老龄产业的发展演进过程及其成长性,正文第一部分,即论文的第二章,首先对“老龄化”、“高龄化”、“空巢化”、“市场化”“产业化”等概念进行了解读,将老龄产业与养老服务业与养生服务业的内涵进行了辨析,还有将老龄产业与老龄事业的范畴进行了区别。其次,结合“三维度产业链”等理论,提出了老龄产业的“五维度”界定。随后,对有代表性的几个相关理论进行回顾性研究。最后,在对中国老龄产业特色的研究中,分析了中国从老龄事业到老龄产业的发展过程以及中国式养老方式形成的逻辑,认为中国老龄化的特有问题包括有未富先老、定位偏差、发展不平衡、城乡老龄化水平倒置等问题。在现代老龄产业经营模式及其市场运营的国际经验方面,即论文的第三章,首先对老龄产业的现代经营模式进行概括,将经营模式分为政府包办模式、纯粹市场模式以及政府主导的市场发展模式。同时,对西方主要的五种产业运作动态进行了总结,分别是“双业并存”的运作方式、“社区主、机构辅”的运作方式、“倒按揭”的运作方式、“契约式”的运作方式以及“ccrc”的运作方式。最后,本文还对老龄产业市场运行国别研究,选取了较具代表性的国家,即美国、欧洲的德国以及日本。对于中国老龄市场化潜力分析,是本文重点研究的内容之一,即论文的第四章,首先分析了中国老龄产业发展的现状,同时对老龄产业价值链的经济贡献进行计量分析,并得出相应的结论。其次,本文运用系统动力学模型对老龄产业的市场规模进行了预测,并根据预测进行了相应的判断。最后,运用政治经济学的分析范式,从政府、社会、市场三个角度,分别从需求与供给两个维度探讨了我国老龄产业的市场化潜力。成熟的产业离不开科学的顶层设计、完善的政策体系支持,特别是老龄产业,更与政府的政策有着密不可分的关系。对于老龄产业的发展,政府不仅应给予政策的支持、资金的资助,更应该在政策进行引导并实施监督。新经济是建立在信息技术革命和制度创新基础上的经济。在中国老龄产业市场化政策研究这一部分,即论文的第五章,分别从新经济下运作老龄产业的政策需求、中国老龄产业的市场化政策研究以及发展中国式老龄产业市场化运作的政策安排三个方面进行深入研究。其中值得关注的是,在政策研究方面,本文以老龄产业中的投融资政策为研究重点。在市场化政策建议的方面上设计了一些创新性方案:一是制定分级化的服务券补贴政策;二是制定差别化的产业细分政策;三是制定与互联网融合发展的具体产业政策。另外,本文还提出一些关联型或替代性的政策建议。事实上,产业的发展分为宏观与微观两个维度,前者的重点在政策层面上,而微观的重点则在为老龄产业具体的策略方式寻找出路。从市场化的内生因素角度讲,涉及资本、劳动和技术等要素;外生因素主要是制度或政策因素。第五章是从外生因素,即政策层面上进行了讨论,而本章研究的重点在于从内生因素角度,探讨老龄产业实现市场化的路径或策略。论文的第六章,将结合国外的经验,围绕资本、劳动和技术等核心问题,对中国未来的老龄产业市场化策略进行研究,提出了八条推进市场化的建议,分别是:(1)推进政府职能转换与市场转型;(2)发展老龄金融市场;(3)放活民营养老服务机构的运营;(4)推行老龄产业集群开发;(5)开发生态老龄产业;(6)引导老龄产业的体验式运营;(7)促进老龄产业链与互联网的融合;(8)推动科技型养老、养生产业的市场化。
[Abstract]:In the first half of twenty-first Century, China although not the most serious world aging countries, is the most populous country in aging. At present, with the aging population of China constantly improve the level of social and economic problems, the government has become the focus in the academic circle, and society attention. In recent years, the Central Committee has the introduction of relevant policies and suggestions to deal with the problem of aging population, "13th Five-Year" plan clearly put forward to promote the coordinated and sustainable development of the cause of aging, improve the pension system. "General Secretary Xi Jinping also stressed:" to further adhere to cope with population aging and promote economic and social development of the combination; strive to tap the vigor and opportunities of population aging bring to the development of the country. "The attention and support of the party and the government of China will promote the cause of aging, the further development of the industry. Therefore, we should have Preparation of the economic operation of the height of rational consciousness, grasp the aging changes in the market with the advance of market awareness, and actively carry out all-round exploration of aging market. Facing the increasingly prominent problem of the aging of the Chinese, the urgent need for the development of the aging industry, through the government guidance and market operation way to solve the problem of aging current. At present Chinese aging population scale the first of the world, and the future will support the world's largest pension (Health) industry group. Therefore, the China characteristics of the market economy, the development of the aging market Chinese rapid increase in the aging population have a brilliant future, and its scale brings stable demand, the government allocation ability of controllable resources, have laid the foundation for the market solid foundation for the development of the aging industry, also bring a bright future for the rapid development of the aging industry. In view of the above situation, this paper discusses the old age industry market The potential, and from the two dimensions of macro market policy research and specific marketing strategies to study the potential of China's aging industry market, not only can enhance the theoretical basis of related research in a certain extent, but also can provide useful guidance for the current transformation of aging industry and government policy, can be said to have an important theoretical value and practical significance. The problem of aging industry involves economics, sociology, medicine, management science, this article is based on the theory of socialist market economy, by means of economic analysis, the research of aging industry market development issues, mainly related to the content based on economics, sociology and some related research supplemented. By combing the literature and comparative analysis, we can find that in actual China aging industry is still a new industry, the research focuses on the research and development trend of cognition The experience of foreign countries and other aspects of the introduction. Although recent research results have been compared with the previous has been further deepened, but more is to look at the problem from the angle of sociology and policy, the lack of systematic economic analysis and planning, the related research literature, research direction is divergent, theory research and the research focus on the western system. In exchange for the economics and economic perspective on issues related to the aging industry, but there is no China and western traditional filial piety culture background, the consumption pattern and the social security system and Chinese is not the same, so the consideration of product design, market development practice although we can learn, is Chinese cannot be reproduced, some studies do not with China conditions, we need to adopt a critical attitude. In order to be more clear, more in-depth study of the development of Chinese aging industry evolution process and The growth of the first part, namely the second chapter of the paper, the first of the "aging", "aging" and "empty nest", "market" and "industrialization" of the concept of interpretation, analyzes the connotation of the aging industry and pension services and health services, there will be the aging industry and the cause of aging the category of difference. Secondly, combined with the "three-dimensional industrial chain" theory, put forward the aging industry "five dimension" is defined. Then, on several representative theories were studied. Finally, the research on the characteristics of Chinese aging industry, analyzes the formation of the development process of Chinese from the cause of aging and aging industry to China type pension logic, that specific problems of aging China include not rich first old positioning deviation, uneven development of urban and rural aging level inversion problems in modern. The international experience of aging industry and its market operation management mode, namely the third chapter, firstly, the modern management pattern of aging industry will be summarized, operating mode can be divided into government arranged mode, pure market mode and government led market development. At the same time, to the west of the five major industrial operation dynamic are summarized. Are the "double industry coexist" mode of operation, the main body of community, the auxiliary "mode of operation, the" reverse mortgage "mode of operation, the" contractual "mode of operation and the" CCRC "mode of operation. Finally, the study of aging industry market operation, selected the representative European countries, namely the United States, Germany and Japan. Analysis of the China aging market potential, is one of the key research content of this article, namely the fourth chapter, firstly analyzes the development of China's aging industry The status quo, and economic contribution to the aging industry value chain analysis, and draws the corresponding conclusion. Secondly, this paper uses the market scale of the system dynamics model of aging industry is forecasted, and the corresponding judgment according to the prediction. Finally, using the political economics analysis paradigm, from the government, society, three the perspective of the market, the two dimensions from the demand and supply of the market potential of China's aging industry. Mature industry cannot do without the support of scientific top-level design, improve the policy system, especially the aging industry, and government policy has a close relationship. For the development of the aging industry, the government should not only give policy support, funding, should be more in policy guidance and supervision of the implementation of the new economy is built on the basis of the information technology revolution and innovation system in Chinese aging economy. The policy of industrial market research in this part is the fifth chapter, separately operation policy demand of aging industry from the new economy, China aging industry market research and development policy China type aging industry market operation policy three aspects were researched. The concern is that in policy research in this paper, the aging industry in investment and financing policy as the research focus. Policy recommendations in the market on the design of some innovative solutions: one is the service subsidies policy classification; two is the industrial subdivision policy differentiation; the three is to develop specific industry policy and development. In addition, the integration of the Internet and the paper also proposes some related or alternative policy recommendations. In fact, the development of the industry is divided into macro and micro two dimensions, the former focus on the policy level, and micro focus Is to find a way out in the strategy for aging industry specific. From the market perspective of endogenous factors, involving capital, labor and technology; external factors are mainly the system or policy factors. The fifth chapter is from the external factors, namely the policy level is discussed, and the key point of this chapter is from the inside student factors, study the market path or strategy of aging industry. In the sixth chapter, combined with foreign experience, around the capital, labor and technology and other core issues, to study the Chinese future aging industry market strategy, put forward eight suggestions to promote the market, namely: (1) to promote the transformation of government functions and market transformation; (2) the development of the aging financial market; (3) the civil service organizations for elderly operation; (4) the implementation of aging industry cluster development; (5) the ecological development of aging industry; (6) to guide the experience of aging industry. Camping; (7) promoting the integration of the aging industry chain and the Internet; (8) promoting the technology based pension and the marketing of the health industry.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F719;D669.6
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本文编号：1498233