主体与环境：高等职业教育就业生态系统的平衡
发布时间：2018-02-09 23:13
本文关键词： 高等职业教育 就业观念 就业质量 就业制度 就业供需 出处：《湖南师范大学》2016年博士论文 论文类型：学位论文
【摘要】：高等职业教育就业问题是社会关注的热点和难点。运用生态学的原理,特别是生态学的平衡理论来研究高职毕业生就业生态问题及其原因,可以更合理的为高职教育的就业问题提供理论依据。高职教育就业生态平衡是一种动态平衡,即毕业生与学校、企业及用人单位、政府之间的一种适应关系,通过相互适应从而实现从学生进入职业教育--毕业--新一批学生进入职业教育这一输入--输出--反馈(再输入)过程中系统的协调,实现高职教育就业生态的平衡和良性发展。高职教育的高就业率并不能全部体现出其就业生态平衡性。高等职业教育就业生态平衡是指在能使毕业生知识与技能适应社会需要、满足个人职业期待,并能与社会经济发展环境相互适应的情况下,各要素竞争共生,各子系统协调发展,整个系统充满生机活力的动态平衡。高等职业教育就业生态系统是以毕业生就业环境三者之间关系为核心的动态、互生的系统。各生态因子之间是彼此联系、动态发展的,是平衡--不平衡--新的平衡中不断运动、变化、发展的。论文从生态学理论的主体与环境这一视角,按照“生态系统是否平衡(现状)--影响生态系统平衡的要素(生态因子)--怎样达到生态系统的平衡(主体与环境的适应)”的逻辑思路,在宏观层面展开对高等职业教育就业生态系统的研究。本研究在对湖南省六所高职院校的1892名应届毕业生和624名往届毕业生就业现状调查的基础上,从高职教育的就业观念、就业制度、就业结构和就业质量四方面分析了高职教育就业生态系统的现状。本研究通过把调查进行描述性统计、相关性分析、独立样本T检验、Logistic二元回归等方法对影响高职教育就业生态系统平衡的因子进行分析与探索。在研究方法上,本研究侧重从主体与环境的角度进行分析,并把学理的研究和质的研究两种方法综合起来运用、思考。研究首先分析了高职毕业生就业主体与就业观念环境的互动关系。毕业生自身就业动机受学校、家庭、社会观念等方面的影响。本研究通过对应往届毕业生薪资期待、理想工作岗位、就业价值等调查发现,“让人人出彩”的职业教育就业观念环境有待优化。只有帮助毕业生主动适应社会就业环境,使毕业生就业符合社会经济发展需要并满足个人职业期待与理想,才能提高自身对外来观念的免疫力,达成主体与环境之间的平衡,从而实现高等职业教育就业观念子系统的平衡,实现高职教育就业观念环境的优化。研究接着探索了就业主体与学校人才培养、企业参与育人环境之间的互动关系。本研究通过对毕业生工作满意度、专业对口度、课程设置等要素的调查发现,高职毕业生就业质量受学校课程提供、企业校外实践和实习状况、学生为达到岗位胜任能力而主观努力等因素影响。使学生掌握必要的知识与技能、习得职业能力才是高职院校学生学习生活的“常态”,否则就很难保障高职教育就业质量,高职教育就业质量子系统就会失衡,高职教育就业质量环境也会不断恶化。研究对毕业生与就业制度环境的影响进行了分析。通过对政府、企业、学校就业制度对毕业生的潜在影响的分析发现:就业制度子系统是毕业生群体在这些就业制度环境等影响下实现平衡的。如果政府和院校就业制度的执行情况不利于毕业生个体成长,再加上企业人才选用不科学、长效培训机制缺乏等,这样极易造成就业制度的不合理,使这个子系统失衡,使高职教育就业制度环境恶化。高职教育就业制度环境是使毕业生就业符合市场需求的影响因素,是政策保障。在此基础上,本研究对就业主体与就业供需环境进行分析。高职教育就业供需生态受就业观念、就业质量、就业制度等因素影响,从而使就业结构子系统实现整个就业群体的供需与用人单位供需之间的平衡,也反映了高职教育就业供需环境的整体和谐状况。只有把握好毕业生这一主体和周围生态环境之间的关系,才能实现毕业生从输入--转换--输出过程中生态系统的平衡。学校、用人单位、政府通过预测就业生态行为、建立就业生态预警监测机制,共同营建以就业质量为核心的就业生态评价体系,在此基础上促进职业能力为导向的动态课程体系建设,营造以就业价值为核心的社会观念生态圈。
[Abstract]:The employment problem of higher occupation education is a hot and difficult society. Using the principle of ecology, especially the balance theory to study the ecology of the employment of graduates of ecological problems and reasons, can be more reasonable for the employment problem of higher vocational education and provide a theoretical basis for the employment of higher vocational education. The ecological balance is a dynamic balance, namely the graduates and school. The enterprise and the employer, an adaptation of the relationship between governments, so as to realize the occupation education -- from graduate students -- a new batch of students to enter the occupation education of the input output feedback through mutual adaptation (input) in the process of coordination system, realize the ecological balance of employment in Higher Vocational Education and higher vocational education development. The high employment rate and are not fully reflect the employment of higher occupation education ecological balance. The ecological balance refers to the employment that graduates of knowledge and skills in can We should meet the needs of society, personal occupation expectation, and can adapt to each other and the development of the social economy environment, the elements of competition symbiosis, coordinated development of each subsystem, dynamic balance of the whole system is full of vitality. The higher occupation education system is based on the ecology of employment of graduates? Employment? The relationship between dynamic environment of the three as the core. Alternate system. Between the various ecological factors are interrelated and dynamic development, is the balance - imbalance - a new balance in constant motion, change, development. Papers from the main body of ecology theory and environment this perspective, in accordance with the "ecological balance system (status quo) elements of ecological system balance -- ecological effects (how to achieve the ecological factor) - balance system (adaptive agent and the environment)" logic, at the macro level research of the higher occupation education and employment of the ecosystem. The research on Hunan Province Based on investigation of the current employment situation of Six Higher Vocational Colleges 1892 graduates and 624 graduates from higher vocational education on the concept of employment, employment system, four aspects of employment structure and employment quality analysis of the current situation of employment in higher vocational education ecosystem. This study through the investigation of descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, independent sample T two yuan Logistic test, regression analysis and Exploration on the influence factors of balanced employment in higher vocational education ecosystem. In research methods, this study focuses on the analysis from the subject and the environment point of view, and the research study and the quality of the two methods combined, it analyzed the interactive thinking. The relationship between the subject and the concept of employment of vocational graduates employment environment. Graduates' employment motivation by the school, family, social concept and so on. Based on the former Graduate salary expectations, ideal jobs, employment survey value, "let everybody out" the occupation education concept of employment environment needs to be optimized. Only help graduates actively adapt to the social environment for employment, employment in accordance with the need of social and economic development and meet the individual occupation expectation and ideal, in order to improve their immunity to foreign ideas, reached between the subject and the environment balance, so as to realize the higher occupation education concept of employment system balance, realize the optimization of the higher vocational education concept of employment environment. Then research explores the employment subject and school personnel training, enterprises to participate in the interactive relationship between the educational environment. Through the study of graduates' job satisfaction, professional degree, survey curriculum the elements of the employment of graduates of higher vocational colleges, the quality of the school curriculum, the enterprise practice and the practice of students In order to achieve competency and subjective efforts and other factors. To enable students to master the necessary knowledge and skills, learning ability is the occupation of Higher Vocational College Students' learning life "normal", otherwise it is difficult to guarantee the quality of employment of higher vocational education, higher vocational education employment quality system will balance, the employment quality of higher vocational education will continue to deteriorate study on the influence of the graduates. The employment system and the environment are analyzed. Based on the analysis of the potential impact of government, enterprise, school employment system for graduates found employment system subsystem is to achieve balance between these groups of graduates employment system environment under the influence of the implementation of the employment system. If the government and colleges is not conducive to the graduates individual growth, coupled with the enterprise personnel selection is not scientific, the lack of long-term training mechanism, which is easy to cause the employment system is not reasonable, the Subsystem of unbalance, make higher vocational education employment system of higher vocational education. The deterioration of the environment of employment environment is to make the employment of graduates with the influence factors of market demand, is the policy. On this basis, this study analyzes the main employment and employment environment. Vocational education employment supply and demand by the ecological concept of employment, employment quality, employment system the factors, so that the employment structure subsystem and the unit balance between supply and demand of the supply and demand of the entire employment group, also reflect the overall situation of harmonious employment in higher vocational education. The relationship between supply and demand environment, only a good grasp of the graduates subject and the surrounding ecological environment, in order to realize the ecological system of Graduates -- the conversion of the output from the input - process balance. Schools, employers, government employment by predicting the ecological behavior, establish ecological employment warning monitoring mechanism to jointly create employment Based on the evaluation system of employment ecology with quality as the core, based on this, we promote the construction of a vocational ability oriented dynamic curriculum system and create a social concept ecosystem with employment value as the core.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G717.38
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本文编号：1499088
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