中国社会主义协商民主的理论基础研究

发布时间：2018-02-14 07:09

本文关键词： 中国社会主义协商民主理论基础马克思列宁主义毛泽东思想中国特色社会主义理论　出处：《中共中央党校》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：民主是人类的共同追求,如何实现最广泛的人民民主则是社会主义中国一直以来的关切点。社会主义协商民主在新民主主义革命、社会主义革命和建设以及改革开放的历史进程中产生并发展成熟,最终成为中国两种民主形式之一。在今后一段时间内,协商民主在中国民主政治建设中无疑将占据重要地位,在这种背景下对社会主义协商民主理论基础的研究不仅是大势所趋,也具有重要的理论和实践意义。研究协商民主理论基础,具有重要的作用:清晰完整的理论基础有利于认识协商民主是“特有形式”和“独特优势”、有利于确定协商民主的“历史定位”、有利于做好协商民主的“顶层设计”。目前国内学术界对协商民主的文化基础、理论基础、实践基础、制度基础的研究已经有了一些成果,但从总体上来说,偏向于文化基础、实践基础和制度基础的研究比较多,系统研究协商民主的理论基础的著作则尚未出现,这为本文留下巨大的研究空间。本文采用马克思主义政治学的基本方法论,从历史唯物主义和辩证唯物主义的基本观点出发,对社会主义协商民主的理论基础问题进行了研究。全文分为导论、正文、结语三个部分:导论部分主要完成了研究的基本准备工作,包括:介绍了选题的背景以及出发点;对社会主义协商民主及其理论基础进行了界定,并对社会主义协商民主和西方民主两个概念进行了辨析,总结出社会主义协商民主的理论基础从纵向上来说,主要包含马克思主义、毛泽东思想、中国特色社会主义理论三个部分,从横向上来说,主要包括统一战线理论和多党合作理论、民主理论和国家理论、群众观点及群众路线几个部分;对社会主义协商民主理论基础的研究情况做了综述,最后对本文的研究方法和研究框架进行了阐述。正文部分主要按照协商民主理论基础的时间线索进行安排,分为四章:第一章分析了社会主义协商民主的马克思主义理论基础。马克思主义是在资本主义快速发展时期对未来社会做出的科学探索,也包含列宁等在俄国进行的社会主义探索和实践,它们为协商民主提供了最为基本的理论基础。马克思主义关于人的历史主体地位、关于尊重人民群众的历史主体地位、关于终结人的异化等群众观点,为协商民主中以人为主体、以实现人的解放和自由全面发展为目的提供了理论基础。马克思主义民主理论中关于民主的逻辑起点、民主的本质、民主的实现途径、民主的实现形式的论述,为协商民主的逻辑基础、本质属性、历史定位、合理性等方面提供了理论基础。马克思主义统一战线和政党理论中关于无产阶级艰巨历史使命及其联合必要性、无产阶级及其政党要结成最广泛的联盟、无产阶级政党要保持独立性和领导权等论述,为协商民主的产生和发展及其在统一战线和多党合作中的重要作用提供了坚实的理论基础,也为协商民主的参与主体确定、原则提供了理论基础。同时马克思主义关于无产阶级政党要同群众保持真正的联系,也为无产阶级通过协商民主联系群众提供了理论基础。第二章分析了社会主义协商民主的毛泽东思想理论基础。毛泽东思想是马克思主义中国化的第一个重要理论成果,它为协商民主的初步发展提供了理论基础。毛泽东思想中的民主政治思想中对人民民主专政的国体设计、民主集中制的基本政治原则和组织原则、确立的基本政治制度、正确处理人民内部矛盾等重要思想,为协商民主的人民民主属性、民主集中的基本原则、民主监督功能等方面提供了理论基础。毛泽东思想中的统一战线和多党合作理论中关于建立最广泛的统一战线、关于调动一切积极因素为社会主义服务、关于在新中国继续发展和巩固统一战线等观点,为协商民主尤其是人民政协的产生、发展和制度化提供了理论基础,为协商民主作为统一战线工作方式和工作方法提供了理论基础,也为协商民主的渠道做出了探索。毛泽东思想中的群众路线理论是世界观和方法论的统一,它不仅强调了人民群众的主体地位,更从群众观点出发提出为人民服务是中国共产党的唯一宗旨,在执政条件下也要坚持走群众路线,这些思想为中共通过协商民主来实践群众路线、密切联系群众提供了理论基础。第三章分析了社会主义协商民主的中国特色社会主义理论理论基础。中国特色社会主义理论是马克思主义在中国的继续发展,它为协商民主的成熟提供了理论基础。中国特色社会主义民主政治理论中人民民主是社会主义的生命、走中国特色社会主义政治发展道路、丰富社会主义民主形式、深化政治体制改革、构建社会主义和谐社会等思想,为科学理解协商民主的本质、时代背景等提供了理论基础,也为协商民主向社会协商、基层协商的拓展提供了理论基础,也是协商民主作为实现人民当家作主的两种形式之一、作为国家治理体系的重要组成部分和作为政治体制改革重要内容的理论基础。新时期群众路线理论的新发展中关于尊重人民主体地位、树立正确的群众观,关于坚持群众路线、建设坚强领导核心,关于创新群众路线实践形式、推动群众路线制度化等论述,成为协商民主是群众路线在政治领域的重要体现的理论基础。新时期的统一战线经历了向爱国统一战线转变的过程,在这个过程中提出的发展和完善中国新型政党关系和充分发挥人民政协作用等思想,为协商民主在政治协商、政协协商等方面的进一步发展提供了理论基础。第四章探讨了社会主义协商民主与人类优秀文明成果间的三个问题。第一个问题是协商民主与传统文化之间的关系,主要探讨了社会主义协商民主作为从中国本土生长起来的民主形式,受到的“和”“中”“公”传统思想以及正式和非正式制度等中国优秀传统的积极影响。第二个问题是中国与西方两种协商民主的关系,主要探讨了西方协商民主的理论渊源及理论形态,并以此为基础分析了其在关注民生领域协商、平衡协商民主的工具性和价值性、发展积极协商、注重非正式协商和正式协商的结合等方面对发展中国协商民主的启示。第三个问题是中国选举民主与协商民主的关系,主要从马克思民主理论中几对概念出发分析了两者的关系,并提出可以从选举前进行充分协商、选举后注重协商、选举之外充分应用协商三个方面促进两种民主的共同发展。结语部分对社会主义协商民主的理论基础进行了简要概括和阐述,社会主义协商民主从统一战线发展而来,逐渐与群众路线共同作用并制度化,最终向着民主回归,成为中国社会主义民主政治的特有形式和独特优势。
[Abstract]:Democracy is the common pursuit of mankind, how to realize the people's democratic socialism is the most widely China has been a concern. Socialist deliberative democracy in the new democratic revolution, socialist revolution and construction and the reform and opening up the historical process of formation and development, mature, and eventually became one of the two forms of democracy China. In the next period of time. Deliberative democracy in China democratic political construction will undoubtedly occupy an important position in the background of the research on the theoretical foundation of socialist deliberative democracy is not only represent the general trend, which has important theoretical and practical significance. Based on the theory of deliberative democracy, plays an important role: clear and complete theoretical basis is helpful to the understanding of deliberative democracy is a unique form of "" and "the unique advantages of" deliberative democracy "to determine the historical position, to do a good job of deliberative democracy" Top-level design. Practice based on the current domestic academic circles to negotiate cultural foundation, democratic theory, research, system foundation has some results, but overall, in favor of cultural foundation, more research and practice and institutional foundation, system research theoretical basis for deliberative democracy works is not yet there, this left a huge space for the research in this paper. This paper uses the basic method of Marx's political theory, from the perspective of historical materialism and dialectical materialism, on the basis of socialist deliberative democracy theory is studied. The paper is divided into introduction, body, conclusion of three parts: the introduction part mainly completes the basic preparatory work, the research includes: introduces the background as well as the starting point; defines the socialist deliberative democracy and its theoretical basis, and the socialist consultation For the analysis of democracy and Western democracy two concepts, summarizes the theoretical basis of socialist deliberative democracy from the vertical point of view, including the Marx doctrine, Mao Zedong thought, the three part of the theory of socialist China characteristics, from the horizontal, mainly including the United Front Theory and multi-party cooperation theory, democratic theory and theory of state and public opinion the mass line and several parts; summarizes the research situation of the theory of socialist deliberative democracy, at the end of the thesis, research methods and research framework of the thesis. The main body in accordance with the theory of deliberative democracy based on the clues of time arrangement, divided into four chapters: the first chapter analyzes Marx's theory of socialist consultative democracy. The Marx doctrine is in a period of rapid development of capitalist society in the future to make scientific exploration, also includes Lenin in Russia The exploration and practice of them, deliberative democracy provides the most basic theoretical foundation. On the subject of the history position of the Marx doctrine, respecting people's main body position in history, about the end of human alienation view of the masses, for deliberative democracy in human subjects, to realize people's Liberation and all-round development provides a theoretical basis for the purpose. The logical starting point of democracy Marx's democratic theory, the essence of democracy, ways to realize democracy, democracy in the form of discussion, negotiation logic based, democratic nature, historical position, and provides a theoretical basis. On the rationality of arduous historical mission and necessary the Marx doctrine and the United Front Theory of the Party of the proletariat and its party to form the most extensive alliance, to maintain the independence of the proletarian party And leadership research, provides a solid theoretical foundation for the emergence and development of deliberative democracy and its important role in the united front and the multi-party cooperation, also for the participation of deliberative democracy, provides the theoretical basis of the principle of the Marx doctrine on the proletarian party. At the same time to maintain the real contact with the masses, but also provides theory the basis of deliberative democracy for the proletariat masses. The second chapter analyzes the socialist deliberative democracy thought of Mao Zedong theory. Mao Zedong thought is Marx's first important theory China of results, it provides a theoretical basis for the initial development of deliberative democracy. The design of system of the people's democratic dictatorship of Mao Zedong's thought of democratic political thought and the basic political and organizational principle of democratic centralism, the basic political system established, correctly handle the contradictions within the people As the important thought, for the people's democratic consultation attribute of democracy, the basic principles of democratic centralism, provides a theoretical basis for the function of democratic supervision and other aspects. On the establishment of the most extensive united front of Mao Zedong's thought of the united front and the multi-party cooperation theory, on mobilizing all positive factors to serve socialism, on the continued development and consolidation of the United Front in view of the new Chinese, especially for deliberative democracy CPPCC, provides the theoretical foundation for the development and institutionalization, provides a theoretical basis for deliberative democracy as the United Front work style and working methods, also makes an exploration of deliberative democracy channels. Mao Zedong thought of the mass line theory is the unity of the world outlook and method the theory, it not only emphasizes the dominant position of the people, more from the point of view of the masses of serving the people is the only purpose of the Communist Party of Chinese, in To adhere to the mass line under the ruling condition, these ideas for the Communist Party of China through deliberative democracy to practice the mass line, close ties with the masses and provide a theoretical basis. The third chapter analyzes the socialist deliberative democracy China socialism theory. The theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the Marx doctrine to continue to develop in the Chinese, it provides theory the basis of deliberative democracy. China characteristics of the people's democratic socialist democracy theory is the life of socialism, go China characteristic socialism political development road of socialism, enrich the forms of democracy, deepen the reform of political system, building a socialist harmonious society thought, scientific understanding the essence of deliberative democracy, provides a theoretical basis for the background of the age, too for deliberative democracy to social consultation, provides a theoretical basis to expand grassroots consultations, and deliberative democracy As one of the two types of people in power, as an important part of national governance system and theoretical basis as an important part of the political system reform. The new development of the mass line theory in the new era of respect for the dominant position of the people, to establish a correct outlook on the masses, adhere to the mass line, the construction of a strong core of leadership, innovation on the mass line practice form, promote the system of the mass line is discussed, a deliberative democracy is an important theoretical basis of the mass line in the political field. The United Front in the new period has to change in love of the United front, the development in the process of proposing and perfecting Chinese new party relations and give full play to the CPPCC's role etc. and for deliberative democracy in political consultation, provides a theoretical basis for the further development of the CPPCC consultation and other aspects. The fourth chapter discusses the social Three questions of doctrine of deliberative democracy and human civilization achievements. The first problem is the relationship between deliberative democracy and traditional culture, mainly discusses the socialist deliberative democracy as grown up from China native forms of democracy, the "and" "in" "public" tradition and the formal and informal system of excellent Chinese the traditional positive effect. The second problem is China and two kinds of Western deliberative democracy, mainly discusses the theoretical origins of the theory of deliberative democracy form, and on the basis of analysis of the consultation in the field of people's livelihood, the balance of deliberative democracy tools and value, the development of active consultation, focusing on the informal and formal consultations negotiation and aspects of democratic enlightenment consultation development. The third problem is Chinese Chinese electoral democracy and deliberative democracy relationship, mainly from Marx's democracy In theory the concept of analysis of the relationship between the two, and put forward to full consultation from before the election, the election focus after consultation, make full use of two kinds of elections promote common development of deliberative democracy in three aspects. The conclusion part of the socialist deliberative democracy theory foundation is briefly summarized and elaborated, socialist deliberative democracy from the development of the United Front to gradually and the mass line interaction and institutionalization, ultimately toward democracy, a unique form of socialist democratic politics and the unique advantages of China.

【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D621

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