苏联解体后的俄罗斯与格鲁吉亚关系研究

发布时间：2018-02-15 07:15

  本文关键词： 苏联解体 俄罗斯 格鲁吉亚 俄格关系　出处：《北京外国语大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：俄罗斯与格鲁吉亚的关系是后苏联空间中较为重要的双边关系之一。格鲁吉亚对于俄罗斯具有非常高的战略意义,是俄维护其高加索地区利益的关键性国家。从格鲁吉亚被沙俄兼并到苏联解体,俄格曾同属于一个国家。这段历史对当今的俄格关系有一定影响。苏联解体初期,俄罗斯与格鲁吉亚的关系较为冷淡。俄罗斯对格鲁吉亚奉行“甩包袱”政策,不重视发展俄格关系。格鲁吉亚则实行疏俄政策,不愿同俄罗斯打交道。1992年至1993年北高加索地区分离倾向严重,外高加索三国冲突不断。高加索地区的紧张局势直接影响到了俄罗斯的安全稳定。为维护国内稳定,俄罗斯开始介入外高加索地区的冲突。爱德华·谢瓦尔德纳泽(?)成为格鲁吉亚总统后,格将发展对俄关系放在首要位置。格鲁吉亚为解决国内分离问题同意俄罗斯在格设立军事基地,驻扎维和部队,并加入了独联体。由此以来,俄格关系摆脱了无序的状态,进入了一个正常发展的时期。格鲁吉亚国内的分离主义问题平息后,格鲁吉亚开始寻求机会以脱离俄罗斯对格的控制。2000年弗拉基米尔·普京(?)上台后,俄罗斯加强了同格鲁吉亚的关系。格鲁吉亚依然力图摆脱俄罗斯的控制,并将加入北约作为目标。由此以来,俄格关系一度激化。由于俄格两国均保持了克制,俄格关系没有继续恶化。俄格关系通过对话得到了改善,两国的紧张状态也暂时缓解。2003年爆发的“玫瑰革命”开启了俄格关系的新阶段。“玫瑰革命”后,俄格关系经历了一个短暂的“蜜月期”。格鲁吉亚新任总统米哈伊尔·萨卡什维利(?)凭借着俄罗斯的支持顺利地解决了国内的阿扎尔分离问题。由于萨卡什维利公开宣扬格鲁吉亚要加入北约和欧盟,俄格关系开始走下坡路。为扫清加入北约的障碍,格鲁吉亚要求俄撤除驻格军事基地和维和部队。俄罗斯迫于多方压力将格境内的俄军事基地完全撤除,但却始终不同意将驻格维和部队撤出。2006年俄格之间爆发了一系列的风波,俄格关系迅速恶化。俄格之间的矛盾不断累积,终于导致2008年俄格冲突的爆发。2008年俄格冲突后,俄格关系完全破裂。格鲁吉亚与俄罗斯断绝了外交关系,并随后退出了独联体。俄格关系由此进入了冷和平阶段。2012年比济纳·伊万尼什维利(?)当选格鲁吉亚总理,俄格关系出现了转机。伊万尼什维利上台后,格鲁吉亚改变了对俄政策,开始改善同俄罗斯的关系,俄罗斯对此也做出了回应。俄格关系有所回暖,出现了“政冷经热”的趋势。由于格鲁吉亚的基本立场仍是维护领土完整,加入北约、欧盟,这与俄罗斯确保阿布哈兹(?)和南奥塞梯(?)独立,阻止北约、欧盟东扩的立场背道而驰。俄格两国在核心利益上存在根本冲突,俄格关系正常化绝非易事。2013年格鲁吉亚总统换届后,格新政府延续了伊万尼什维利时期理性务实的对俄政策,格鲁吉亚同俄罗斯的经济和人文交流得到了进一步的发展。2014年“乌克兰危机”发生后,西方国家对俄罗斯实施经济制裁,俄罗斯所处的国际环境大为恶化。俄罗斯与西方的关系严重对立,俄罗斯为此蒙受了巨大的经济损失。格鲁吉亚在“乌克兰危机”中表现出了冷静务实的态度,避免过度刺激俄罗斯。但格鲁吉亚并没有放慢与西方一体化的脚步,2014年格鲁吉亚在加入欧盟和北约的进程中均取得了重要进展。随着俄罗斯先后与阿布哈兹和南奥塞梯签署了近乎合并的条约,阿布哈兹和南奥塞梯与格鲁吉亚分离的现状已经成为既定现实。由于阿布哈兹和南奥塞梯问题的存在以及格鲁吉亚与西方一体化程度的加深,俄格政治、军事关系实现正常化难度很大。但随着俄格两国经济、人文关系的不断发展,两国民间交流的不断加深,俄格关系不再会有大的起伏了。
[Abstract]:The relationship between Russia and Georgia is one of the most important bilateral relations in the post Soviet space. Georgia has strategic significance for Russia is very high, is the key of the Russian National safeguard its interests in the Caucasus. From Georgia Russia was merged into the Soviet Union, Russia Gozen belong to one country. This period of history has a certain effect on the relationship between Russia and the Soviet Union. Initially, the relationship between Russia and Georgia. Frostier Russia pursues "shuaibaofu" policy on Georgia, not attach importance to the development of relations between Russia and Georgia. Georgia is the implementation of sparse Russian policies, not dealt with Russia.1992 to 1993 in the north Caucasus separation tendency serious conflict. Three Transcaucasia tensions in the Caucasus the area directly affects the safety and stability of Russia. In order to maintain domestic stability, Russia began to intervene in foreign high The cable of the conflict. (Edward Shevardnadze?) to become the president of Georgia, Georgia will develop relations with Russia in the first place. In order to solve the separation problem of Georgia Russia agreed to set up military bases in Scotland, peacekeeping forces, and joined the CIS. Thus since the Russian Georgian relations to get rid of the disordered state, into a the normal development of the period. The state of Georgia to quell separatism, Georgia began to seek opportunities to control.2000 from Russia to Georgia Vladimir Putin (?) came to power, Russia has strengthened relations with Georgia. Georgia is still trying to get rid of the control of Russia, and will join NATO as a target. Thus, the relationship between Russia and once because Russia and Georgia are intensified. To maintain restraint, relations between Russia and Georgia did not continue to deteriorate. The relations between Russia and Georgia through the dialogue Improved tensions also temporarily alleviate the.2003 outbreak of the "Rose Revolution" opened a new stage of relations between Russia and Georgia. "Rose Revolution", the relationship between Russia experienced a short "honeymoon period". Georgia's new president Mikhail Saakashvili (?) with the support of Russia successfully solved the o Zal Saakashvili openly separation problem. Due to Georgia to join NATO and the European Union, the Russian Georgian relations began to decline. In order to clear the obstacles of Georgia to join NATO, asked the Russian military base in the grid, and the removal of peacekeeping forces. Russia will be forced by pressure from Georgia complete withdrawal of Russian military bases, but never agreed to in case of peacekeeping forces a series of disturbances broke out between the withdrawal of.2006 in Georgia, the Russian Georgian relations deteriorated rapidly. The contradiction between Russia and Georgia continue to accumulate, finally lead to 2 008 years of the conflict erupted in.2008 years after the conflict, a complete rupture of relations between Russia and Georgia. Georgia severed diplomatic relations with Russia, and subsequently withdrew from the CIS. The relations between Russia and Georgia will enter a cold peace stage.2012 than Zina Ivan Nish Willy (?) was elected Prime Minister of Georgia, a turnaround in the Russian Georgian relations after Ivan Nish Willy came to power. Georgia, changed the policy towards Russia, began to improve relations with Russia, Russia have also responded. The Russian Georgian relations have warmed up, the emergence of the "cold politics and hot trend. Due to Georgia's basic position is to defend the territorial integrity of NATO, the EU, Russia and the Abkhaz and ensure (?) South Ossetia (?), stop the NATO enlargement, draw further apart position. Both countries are fundamental conflict in the core interests, the relationship between Russia and the normalization of.201 is not easy 3 years after the general election of the president of Georgia, the new government continued the Ivan Nish Willy lattice period of rational and pragmatic policies to Russia, with Russia's economic and cultural exchanges in Georgia has been developed further.2014 years "Ukraine crisis" occurred, western countries to Russia to implement economic sanctions, Russia's international environment is deteriorating. The serious opposition Russia and the west, Russia therefore suffered huge economic losses in Georgia. "The Ukraine crisis" shows a calm and pragmatic attitude, to avoid excessive stimulation of Russia. But Georgia did not slow down the pace and the integration of western Georgia in 2014, NATO and the EU have made important progress with. Russia has with Abkhazia and South Ossetia signed nearly with the treaty, Abkhazia and South Ossetia and Georgia Present situation of separation Jiya has become established reality. Because of Abkhazia and South Ossetia and Georgia problems with Western integration deepening, Russian politics, military relations normalization is very difficult. But with the economic development of Russia and Georgia, human relations, non-governmental exchanges between the two countries and the deepening of relations between Russia and Georgia will no longer have large the ups and downs.

【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D851.2;D836.7
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本文编号：1512723