论中国式国家治理体系现代化的法治维度

发布时间：2018-02-22 10:53

  本文关键词： 国家治理体系 现代化 法治化　出处：《湖南大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：国家治理体系现代化的过程伴随着国家各项制度的法治化,推进国家治理体系现代化,法治化是题中之义,也是必由之路。第一,法治体系是国家治理体系的有机组成。宪法法律不仅为国家治理体系提供了正当性依据,而且法治体系本身就是国家治理体系的重要内容和有机组成。第二,法治为国家治理体系提供了价值导向。现代法治的核心要义是良法善治,尊重和保障人权、维护公平正义、安定社会秩序,这些法的价值也是国家治理的基本目标,法治的价值理念为国家治理体系现代化提供了价值导向。第三,法治为国家治理提供了制度支撑。法治是人类文明的重要标志,是我们国家治理的基本方式,它不仅为国家治理的民主化提供了制度支撑,也为国家治理提供了执行力和运行力。实现国家治理体系法治化,就要以法治的精神进一步完善中国特色社会主义制度体系。具体来说,主要有三方面内容,也就是要实现国家根本政治制度的法治化,发挥人民代表大会制度的优势;要通过法律途径保障协商民主的正常开展,实现协商民主的制度化、规范化、法治化;要完善社会管理体制和基层民主制度,实现社会治理的法治化。实现国家治理体系法治化,必须坚持几点基本原则:要做到经验理性与建构理性的有机结合,统筹整体推进和部分提升的辩证关系,厘清民族传统和西方经验的逻辑关联,实现国家立法和全民守法的双向互动。人民代表大会制度是我国的根本政治制度,它是国家治理体系的基础性要素,强调国家治理体系的法治化,首先就要推进人民代表大会制度运作的法治化,修改完善与之相关的宪法法律制度。首先,要以提高立法质量为目标,规范科学民主立法,完善地方立法权,进一步严密立法法的逻辑体系,以完善《立法法》。其次,要实现主权在民理念,通过完善重大事项决定权制度、改革完善人大会议制度、探索常委会委员专职化等途径,完善《组织法》。再者,要提升人大组成人员的代表性,通过提升选举委员会独立性公正性、完善名额分配机制、规范直接选举程序、健全代表退出和监督机制等方式,完善《选举法》、《代表法》。最后,以维护宪法权威为方向,明确法律责任制度、健全监督信息公开机制,并适应廉政建设的新要求,以完善《监督法》。完善和健全协商民主的法治化,最基本是要以立法的形式规范协商主体、协商内容、协商程序等内容,通过法律途径保障协商民主的正常开展。根据不同层面协商民主的特点,又要分类推进。一方面,要通过法律规范立法协商和政府协商,并通过借助人民政协的法治建设推进国家生活层面协商民主的法治化。另一方面,推进基层社会自治中协商民主法治化,探索社会组织发展下的协商民主法治化,重视公民网络参与中协商民主法治化,全方位推进社会层面协商民主的法治化。社会管理的法治化是将法治理念融入社会管理各个层面和内容的过程,其不仅包含社会管理体制和基层群众自治制度的法治化,还要求我们在全社会倡导法治文化。首先,要明晰社会管理体制法治化的基本内涵,加快政社分开的法制建设,必须加快完善社会法律体系,厘清社会权力边界,明晰政府社会治理权责体系。其次,在基层群众自治制度运行中出现了一些问题,迫切需要通过法律手段加以完善,这不仅要求完善基层群众自治的法律制度,还需要及时用法律制度确认和规范基层民主实践中的新形式和新途径。最后,法治文化是社会文化在法治中的反映,要通过公权力表率、法治宣传教育营造法治文化氛围,并继承传统法治文化精华,借鉴西方法治文化优秀成果,不断提升法治文化水平。
[Abstract]:The process of the modernization of national governance system with the state system of the rule of law, promote the modernization of national governance system, the rule of law is the meaning, is the only way which must be passed. First, the legal system is an organic part of the national governance system. The Constitution not only provides the basis for the legitimacy of the national governance system and the legal system itself is important part of the national governance system and organic components. Second, the rule of law provides the value orientation for the national governance system. The essence of the modern rule of law is good law and good governance, respect and safeguard human rights, justice, stability and social order, the basic goal is the value of national governance law, the value idea of the rule of law for the modernization of national governance system provide value guidance. Third, the rule of law to provide institutional support for national governance. The rule of law is an important symbol of human civilization, is our country governance The basic way, it not only provides the institutional support for national governance democratization, also provides the execution and operation of force for national governance. The realization of national governance system of rule of law, it is necessary to further improve the spirit of the rule of law China characteristic socialism system. Specifically, there are mainly three aspects, that is to realize the state the fundamental political system of the rule of law, the people's Congress system play the advantage; be through legal channels to protect the normal development of deliberative democracy, deliberative democracy institutionalized, standardization, legalization; to improve the social management system and democracy system, realize the legalization of social governance. The realization of national governance system of rule of law. Must adhere to some basic principles: to combine empirical rationality and Constructivist Rationality, co-ordinate the overall progress and part of ascension of the dialectical relationship between traditional and Western experience to clarify The logical relationship, which can realize the interaction of national legislation and national law. The people's Congress system is China's fundamental political system, it is the basic element of national governance system, emphasizing the national governance system of rule of law, we must first promote the people's Congress system for the operation of the rule of law, revise and improve the Constitution and legal system related. First, to improve the quality of legislation as the goal, norms of scientific and democratic legislation, perfecting local legislation, further strict legislation logic system, to improve the "legislation law. Secondly, to realize the concept of sovereignty of the people, by improving the power to decide major matters of system reform and improve the people's Congress Standing Committee meeting system, exploration the professional way, perfecting the organization law". Furthermore, to enhance the people's Congress representative members of the election committee, by improving the independence of justice, improve the quota allocation mechanism, direct specification The election procedure and improve supervision mechanism on behalf of exit and improve the electoral law, < >, < >. Finally, on behalf of law, to maintain the constitutional authority for the direction, a clear legal responsibility system, improve the supervision mechanism of public information, and to adapt to the new requirements of the construction, in order to perfect the supervision law. Improving and perfecting the "deliberative democracy rule of law the most basic is to, in the form of legislative norms for negotiation, negotiation, negotiation procedures and other content, through legal means to guarantee the normal development of deliberative democracy. According to the different levels of deliberative democracy, but also the classification advance. On one side, through consultation and negotiation of government legislation of legal norms, and by means of the CPPCC the rule of law to promote the construction of the national level of deliberative democracy under the rule of law. On the other hand, to promote grass-roots social autonomous negotiating democracy and the rule of law, to explore the development of social organizations under the deliberative democracy and the rule of law, pay attention to the public The network involved in negotiating democracy and the rule of law, promote the full range of social aspects of deliberative democracy of the rule of law, social management of the rule of law is the rule of law concept into the process of social management at all levels and content, which includes not only the system of social management and grassroots autonomous system of the rule of law, we need the whole society to promote the rule of law culture. First, to clarify the basic connotation of the social management system of the rule of law, accelerate the construction of legal system to separate the government, must improve the social legal system, clarify the boundary of social power, clear responsibilities of government social governance system. Secondly, there are some problems in the operation of the system of grassroots self-government, the urgent need to be improved through legal means. This requires not only a perfect legal system of grassroots self-government, also need to use the legal system to confirm and regulate the new forms and ways of practice of grassroots democracy. Finally, the rule of law culture is a reflection of social culture in the rule of law. We should create a rule of law culture atmosphere through public authority, publicity and education in rule of law, and inherit the essence of traditional culture of rule of law, learn from the excellent achievements of western culture of rule of law, and constantly improve the level of rule of law culture.

【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D920.0
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本文编号：1524229