大学生美德化育研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 06:05

  本文选题：大学生美德化育 + 化育要素　； 参考：《河北师范大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：大学生是国家和民族的希望,美德是大学生安身立命之基。面对纷繁复杂的多变社会,理应引领社会道德风尚的大学生却受到社会道德状况的左右,大学道德教育面临着一系列困境。大学生正处在世界观、人生观和价值观形成、发展的关键时期,然而在市场经济和对外开放的历史条件下,在利益主体多元化、思想道德观念和价值取向多元化的社会背景中,加之西方多种途径对大学生进行思想、文化渗透,社会上出现的拜金主义、享乐主义和个人主义等思潮对大学生健康成长带来许多负面影响。由于社会经验不够丰富,思想还不够成熟,部分大学生未能充分认识到美德对其自身发展的重要意义和价值。因此,加强大学生美德教育,增强大学生抵御负面效应的免疫力,抵御腐化堕落思想的侵蚀,才能使大学生成为现代化建设所需要的德才兼备人才。重视美德教育一直是党和国家的工作重点之一。十八大报告指出全面提高公民道德素质“是社会主义道德建设的基本任务”,要“加强社会公德、职业道德、家庭美德、个人品德教育”。高校是美德教育的主阵地,历来重视大学生思想品德教育,从德育课的设置,到德育课教师和思想政治教育辅导员,无一不是在实践中“立德树人”。但由于教育方式僵化呆板,习惯于外在灌输和说教,忽视或不善于运用美德的“化育”机制及其规律进行教育,成效甚微。因此,进行当代大学生美德化育研究尤为紧迫而重要。近年来有很多专家学者从不同角度、不同深度上对大学生美德教育的理论和方法进行了广泛研究,这些研究成果在不同程度上对“美德化育”研究具有理论推进和借鉴作用。本文采用了文献研究法、调查研究法、系统研究法和历史研究法等方法,对当代大学生美德化育的过程和机制以及实现路径等进行了全面系统的研究,旨在为我国大学思想政治教育理念和方式的改革、对思政理论课的学科建设提供理论支撑,对提升大学生美德教育的实效性提供方法和路径支持。第一部分,对大学生美德化育的内涵与意义进行了阐释。所谓美德是指高尚的道德行为和优良的道德品质。化育之“化”指内化于心、外化于行,化育之“育”指涵(培)育长养,化育之“境”指从心所欲不逾矩即自由自觉的境界。美德化育就是通过细雨润无声的化育方式,使受教育者把美德的精神实质内化于心,外化于行,从而涵育长养其美德;大学生特有的美德主要包括爱国奉献、求知敬业、诚实守信、团结友善、勤俭节约等方面的内容;大学生美德对于大学生的一生具有重要的意义和价值,它是大学生自尊和他尊之要、安身立命之基、生活幸福之源、实现人生价值之本。第二部分,对大学生美德化育的理论基础、思想渊源和学理依据进行了挖掘。本文认为,大学生美德化育具有充分的理论基础、思想资源和学理依据。马克思主义的人性论、价值论和实践论等理论观点,为大学生美德化育提供了重要理论基础;中外思想家的有关论述和思想为大学生美德化育提供了宝贵的思想渊源。中国儒家的教化内省思想、道家“行不言之教”思想、佛家“以心传心”思想等都是其重要的文化养分。西方古希腊时期苏格拉底的启发式教育思想、亚里士多德的美德养成教育思想,德国古典哲学时期康德的道德熏陶思想,近现代时期麦金泰尔的德性实践理论,都为“美德化育”留下了宝贵的精神遗产。此外,人本主义教育理论、价值澄清教育理论、认知发展理论、情感理论、社会学习理论等,也为大学生美德化育的研究提供了学理依据。第三部分,阐释了大学生美德化育的运行要素和运行机制。本文认为大学生既是美德化育的客体,也是美德化育的主体,美德化育是主客体的统一;美德认知、美德情感、美德意志、美德信念和美德行为习惯是大学生美德形成的要素,在大学生美德化育运行过程中,这五大要素相互依赖、相互影响,发挥着不同的作用。美德认知是美德化育的前提,美德情感是美德化育的催化剂,美德意志是美德化育的动力,美德信念是美德化育的核心,美德行为习惯的养成是美德化育的目的。这既是美德化育运行的机制,也是美德化育应遵循的规律。第四部分,对美德现状进行了分析,特别是对大学生美德化育存在问题及成因进行了调查和分析。基于大量调查问卷,论题基本厘清了大学生美德化育主要存在的大学生美德知行不统一、美德教育实效性较差、价值取向模糊或功利化等问题。产生这些问题的原因主要在于:学校美德化育理念偏颇、美德化育培育方式方法不力、家庭美德化育缺失、社会美德化育较弱、新媒体与互联网的影响以及大学生自身对美德认识不够。在经济全球化、网络信息化、利益多元化的时代,对大学生美德化育产生影响的因素是多方面的,这需要不断拓展研究,把握大学生美德化育影响因素的最新发展动向。第五部分,对大学生美德化育的实现路径进行了探索。大学生美德化育需要从六个层面展开:强化美德需要是美德化育的前提,潜移默化是大学生美德化育的有效方式,道德实践活动是大学生美德化育的重要环节,构建测评制度是大学生美德化育的保障,养成行为自觉是大学生美德化育的目的,营建文化氛围是大学生美德化育的活力。这六条路径有助于使大学生把美德要求“内化于心、外化于行”,逐步达到“从心所欲不逾矩”的自由自觉境界。
[Abstract]:College students are the hope of the nation and the nation. Virtue is the foundation of the college students. Facing the complex and complex society, the college students who should lead the social morality are subject to the social moral condition, and the university moral education faces a series of difficulties. The college students are in the world outlook, the outlook on life and values, and the development of the college students. Under the historical conditions of the market economy and opening to the outside world, however, in the historical conditions of the market economy and opening to the outside world, in the social background of pluralistic interests subject, ideological and moral concept and value orientation, and a variety of Western ways of thinking, cultural infiltration, money worship, hedonism and individualism in the west, the health of College Students The growth has brought many negative effects. Because of the lack of social experience and the lack of maturity, some college students have not fully realized the importance and value of virtue to their own development. Therefore, it is possible to strengthen college students' virtues education, enhance the immunity of college students against negative effects and resist the erosion of corruption and depravity. The importance of virtue education is one of the key tasks of the party and the state. The eighteen report points out that the overall improvement of the moral quality of the citizens "is the basic task of socialist moral construction". It is necessary to "strengthen social ethics, professional ethics, family virtues and personal moral education". The main position of virtue education has always attached great importance to the ideological and moral education of college students. From the setting of moral education to moral education and ideological and political education, none of them is "Lide tree" in practice. But because of the rigid and rigid way of education, it is used to instillation and teaching, and the "education" mechanism of neglecting or not good at using virtue. Therefore, it is very urgent and important to carry out the research on the moral education of contemporary college students. In recent years, many experts and scholars have studied the theory and methods of virtue education of college students from different angles and different depths. The paper adopts the methods of literature research, investigation, research, systematic research and historical research. This paper makes a comprehensive and systematic study on the process and mechanism of the moral education of contemporary college students and the way to realize it, aiming at the reform of the ideas and ways of the ideological and political education of our University and the theory of Ideological and political theory. The course construction provides theoretical support and provides methods and path support for improving the effectiveness of College Students' virtues education. In the first part, the connotation and significance of College Students' virtues are explained. The so-called virtue refers to the noble moral behavior and the fine moral quality. "Breeding" refers to the cultivation of culvert (Culture) and cultivation, and the "realm" of education refers to the realm of freedom and self-consciousness. Virtue education means the educator to internalize the spiritual essence of virtue through the fine rain and unsound the spiritual essence. Knowledge, honesty and trustworthiness, unity and friendliness, thrift and thrift, college students' virtues are of great significance and value for college students' life. It is the basis of College Students' self-esteem and his respect, the foundation of life, the source of life happiness and the realization of the value of life. The second part, the theoretical basis for the moral education of college students, the ideological abyss. The source and academic basis are excavated. This article holds that the moral education of college students has sufficient theoretical basis, ideological resources and theoretical basis. The theory of Marx's theory of human nature, value theory and practice theory provides an important theoretical basis for college students' virtues; the related discussions and ideas of the thinkers and the Chinese and foreign thinkers are the virtues of college students. It provides a valuable ideological source. The Confucian introspection thought of Chinese Confucianism, the Taoist thought of "doing no teaching" and the "heart of the heart" are its important cultural nutrients. The elicitation education thought of Socrates in the western ancient Greek period, Aristotle's moral education thought, the German classical philosophy period Kang The moral edification thought of Germany, Mcintyre's virtue practice theory in the modern period left valuable spiritual heritage for "virtue education". In addition, the humanistic education theory, the theory of value clarification education, the theory of cognitive development, the theory of emotion, the theory of social learning and so on, have also provided the academic basis for the study of College Students' virtues. The third part explains the operating elements and operating mechanism of College Students' virtues. This article holds that college students are both the object of virtue education and the main body of virtue education. Virtue education is the unity of the subject and the object; virtue cognition, virtue emotion, virtue will, virtue belief and virtue behavior habit are the elements of College Students' virtue formation. In the course of the operation of the students' virtues, these five elements depend on each other, interact with each other, and play different roles. Virtue cognition is the precondition of virtue cultivation, virtue emotion is the catalyst of virtue cultivation, virtue will be the motive force of virtue cultivation, virtue belief is the core of virtue education, and the cultivation of virtue behavior habit is the eye of virtue cultivation. This is not only the mechanism of virtue education operation, but also the law that virtue should be followed. In the fourth part, the present situation of virtue is analyzed, especially the problems and causes of the existence and causes of College Students' virtues are investigated and analyzed. Based on a large number of questionnaires, the thesis basically clarifies the college students virtues of College Students' virtues. The reasons for these problems are: the bias of the concept of moral education, the ineffective ways and means of virtue cultivation and cultivation, the lack of family virtues, the weak social virtues, the influence of the new media and the Internet, and the beauty of college students themselves. In the era of economic globalization, network information and diversification of interests, there are many factors affecting the moral education of college students. This needs to continue to expand research and grasp the latest development trend of the influencing factors of College Students' virtues. The fifth part is to explore the way of realizing the realization of College Students' virtues. The moral education of students should be carried out from six levels: strengthening virtue needs is the premise of virtue education. Imperceptibly is the effective way of College Students' virtues, moral practice is the important link of College Students' virtues, the construction of evaluation system is the guarantee of College Students' virtues, and the cultivation of behavior consciousness is the goal of College Students' virtues. The construction of cultural atmosphere is the vitality of College Students' virtues. These six paths help college students to "internalize their minds and turn them out of the line", and gradually achieve the free and conscious state of "doing nothing more than what you want".
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G641
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本文编号：1967699