基于跨学科合作的团队异质性与高校原始性创新绩效的关系研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 22:37

  本文选题：跨学科 + 原始性创新　； 参考：《浙江大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：如果说,创新是一条河流,那么原始性创新就是这条河流的源头。原始性创新,已经成为我国能否实现创新型国家建设的关键驱动因素。实践证明跨学科合作是实现原始性创新的一条重要途径。在高校跨学科团队合作过程中,通常面临策略选择的困境：选择哪些学科一起合作、怎样合作,以及与何种组织类型的团队合作才能提升原始性创新能力,而不是阻碍创新。不同学科、不同组织和不同团队之间的合作是通过什么途径影响原始性创新绩效的,而外部环境,如领导风格在合作过程中又是如何调节异质性对创新绩效的作用的。这些都是摆在高校原始性创新过程中既紧迫又棘手的现实问题。本文基于资源基础观理论、异质性理论和领导力理论等理论基础,采用验证性因子分析和泊松回归分析的统计方法,利用255个团队的样本数据,探究跨学科团队异质性与高校科研团队原始性创新绩效的关系,也确定了变革型领导如何影响他们之间的关系。在此基础上,本研究还明确了跨学科合作过程中,涉及合作的研究类型、团队所在的高校类型以及资助金额与高校原始性绩效之间的关系,结论如下：第一,在异质性的概念和维度划分方面。本文定义跨学科团队异质性为：在高校原始性创新过程中,两个或多个学科的科研团队进行合作,不同的学科知识重组、不同的成员认知思维运动,两者之间基于学科逻辑结构和社会认知以及人际关系的相互关系,形成团队资源禀赋和创新能力上的差异性、多样性和分布均衡性。本研究将跨学科团队异质性划分为学科异质性、认知异质性和组织异质性三个维度。第二,本研究将通过原始性创新总绩效,以及原始性创新的三个子维度的绩效分别实证了其与团队异质性之间的关系,部分假设得到验证。首先,在原始性创新总绩效方面。学科异质性、认知异质性和组织异质性都对高校原始性创新团队的总绩效有显著促进作用。我们认为：基于资源基础观理论和团队凝聚力理论产生的正向效应比基于社会认知理论和信息加工理论的团队冲突产生的负向效应影响要大。其中,认知异质性对原始性创新总绩效的影响最大,其次是学科异质性,然后是组织异质性。这说明,跨学科之间的合作对创新的促进作用不仅仅来源于显性知识的异质性的影响,更重要的的影响可能来源于隐性的认知异质性。其次,在首创性绩效方面。组织异质性不是很重要的影响因素,而学科异质性和认知异质性对原始性创新的首创性绩效起到显著的促进作用。因此,在高校原始性创新过程中,促进异质性学科之间合作的同时,也需要特别关注团队成员之间的相互交流、碰撞和融合。再次,在新颖性绩效方面。所有的异质性维度与原始性创新的新颖性绩效之间均不存在显著性关系。因此,在原始性创新绩效评价过程,定性绩效维度可以不考虑新颖性绩效的维度,评价首创性绩效维度即可。最后,在计量型绩效方面。学科异质性与计量型绩效之间不存在正向显著影响效应,即学科异质性对于基础研究的高水平论文的发表、国家自然科学奖、诺贝尔奖等国际顶级,以及基础应用研究和应用研究的发明专利水平、技术秘密水平和国际科技进步奖等成果指标之间并不存在显著关系。而认知异质性和组织异质性对这些可计量的绩效的影响显著。即同一学科的不同组织之间的合作可能是产生较高计量型绩效的潜在形式。综上所述,无论哪个绩效维度的测量,认知异质性对绩效的影响都是最突出的。因此,我们推测,深层次的认知多样性很可能是创造力激发的最根本原因。第三,变革型领导风格对异质性和原始性创新绩效调节作用的研究假设得到部分验证。首先,变革型领导风格负向调节学科异质性与首创性绩效、新颖性绩效和计量型绩效。即团队在高变革型领导的带领下,异质性学科团队之间的合作反而使团队的首创性绩效、新颖性绩效和计量型绩效都降低。这一结论警示我们,过分强调变革型领导的作用,可能导致组织中过分强调智力激励这个因素,从而不利于组织的稳定性,因此,并不一定对创新绩效有利。其次,变革型领导正向调节认知异质性和原始性创新总绩效、首创性绩效之间的关系,而对新颖性绩效和计量型绩效不起调节作用。也就是说,在高变革型领导风格的情境下,认知异质性促进原始性创新总绩效和首创性绩效。因此,总的来说,变革型领导风格是正向调节认知异质性和原始性创新绩效的,而这个调节主要通过首创性绩效来起作用,对新颖性和计量型绩效贡献不大。究其原因,可能在于,领导可以减少异质性对团队创造力造成的负面影响,而促进积极的思想、观点和知识之间的碰撞和交流,激励团队成员的创造动机,提升团队的创造力。再次,变革型领导对组织异质性和原始性创新的所有绩效维度之间都不存在调节作用。说明组织异质性对原始性创新绩效的影响并不受变革型领导风格的影响。因此,我们认为,在高校原始性创新的跨学科合作中,不需要过分关注领导风格对不同组织之间的合作的影响作用。综合变革型领导风格对学科异质性和原始性创新绩效的调节作用,以及变革型领导风格对认知异质性和原始性创新绩效的调节作用,我们可以判断,变革型领导风格在静态的学科异质性方面是起负向调节作用的,而在动态的个体的认知异质性面前起到正向的调节作用的。因此,变革型领导风格的发挥需要更多地作用在科研团体成员身上,而不是花费过多的精力在不同学科合作的具体事务上。因此,跨学科合作必须特别关注变革型领导风格对团队成员认知的调节作用。这是对领导力理论的深化,也是对领导力理论在高校原始性创新过程中的一次很好的应用。变革型领导风格的影响因异质性的不同而产生截然不同的调节作用。第四,关于研究类型、商校类型和经费资助与原始性创新绩效关系研究。方差分析结果表明,高校跨学科合作的团队原始性创新绩效不会因团队所属高校类型以及研究经费投入的多少而产生显著影响,但是原始性创新绩效会因为合作是否发生在基础应用研究领域而发生显著区别。因此,在高校跨学科合作过程中,需要特别关注基础应用研究领域的跨学科合作,即原始性创新的发生,是具有优先级的,处于巴斯德象限的科学研究是最有可能实现重大原始性创新的重要领域。综上所述,本研究从中国的原始性创新现实背景出发,完成了“团队异质性与原始性创新绩效”这一核心主题从实践到理论再到实践的研究过程。虽然本研究对理论模型的验证得到了多样的结果,但这些结果揭示了异质性学科合作团队的原始性创新的关键影响因素和评价维度,并为高校涉及跨学科合作的科研团队提供管理视角和启示：在主效应方面,突出了认知异质性对原始性创新的重要作用；在绩效评价方面,创立了原始性创新绩效的全新评价体系；在情境研究方面,拓宽了领导力理论的应用范围。这些研究结论为我国高校原始性创新过程中的跨学科合作实践的战略决策奠定理论基础,也为实践提供方向指导。因此,高校跨学科合作团队的管理需要发挥异质性带来的优势,避免异质性带来的破坏性影响。
[Abstract]:If innovation is a river, the original innovation is the source of the river. Original innovation has become the key driving factor for our country to realize the construction of an innovative country. Practice has proved that interdisciplinary cooperation is an important way to realize the original innovation. The plight of choice: the choice of which disciplines together, how to cooperate, and what kind of organizational teamwork can improve the original creativity, not the innovation. The cooperation between different disciplines, different organizations and different teams can affect the original innovation performance, and the external environment, such as the leadership style. In the process of cooperation, the role of heterogeneity is to regulate the role of heterogeneity to innovation performance. These are both urgent and difficult practical problems in the process of originality innovation in Colleges and universities. Based on the theory of resource based outlook, heterogeneity theory and leadership theory, this paper adopts the statistics of empirical factor analysis and Poisson regression analysis. Method, using the sample data of 255 teams to explore the relationship between interdisciplinary team heterogeneity and the original innovation performance of university scientific research teams, and also determine how transformational leadership affects their relationship. On this basis, this study also defines the type of research involved in cooperation in interdisciplinary cooperation, and the class of colleges and Universities in which the team is located. The conclusion is as follows: first, in the concept and dimension of heterogeneity, this paper defines the heterogeneity of interdisciplinary team as: in the process of original innovation, two or more disciplines of scientific research teams work together, different discipline knowledge restructures, and different members recognize different members. Cognitive thinking movement, based on the interrelationship of disciplinary logic structure, social cognition and interpersonal relationship, forms the difference, diversity and distribution equilibrium in team resource endowment and innovation ability. This study divides interdisciplinary team heterogeneity into three dimensions of discipline heterogeneity, cognitive heterogeneity and organizational heterogeneity. Second, Through the total performance of original innovation and the performance of the three sub dimensions of original innovation, this study will demonstrate the relationship between the team heterogeneity and the team heterogeneity, and some hypotheses are verified. First, the overall performance of the original innovation. The discipline heterogeneity, the cognitive heterogeneity and the group heterogeneity are all the general innovation teams in Colleges and universities. We believe that the positive effects of the theory of resource based outlook and the theory of team cohesion are greater than the negative effects of the team conflict based on the social cognitive theory and the information processing theory. Among them, the cognitive heterogeneity has the greatest impact on the original innovation performance, followed by the heterogeneity of the discipline. Sex, and then organizational heterogeneity. This shows that interdisciplinary cooperation on innovation not only derives from the influence of the heterogeneity of explicit knowledge, but also the more important influence may come from the implicit cognitive heterogeneity. Secondly, in the initial performance, organizational heterogeneity is not a very important factor, but the heterogeneity of the subject and the subject heterogeneity. Cognitive heterogeneity plays a significant role in the pioneering performance of original innovation. Therefore, in the process of originality innovation in Colleges and universities, it is necessary to pay special attention to the interaction, collision and integration of team members. Again, in the aspect of novelty performance. There is no significant relationship between the novelty performance of sexual innovation. Therefore, in the process of original innovation performance evaluation, the qualitative performance dimension can not consider the dimension of novelty performance and evaluate the initial performance dimension. Finally, there is no significant positive effect between the academic heterogeneity and the econometric performance in the measurement performance. There is no significant relationship between the academic heterogeneity and the publication of high level papers on basic research, the National Natural Science Award, the Nobel prize and other international top levels, and the patent level of the basic application research and application research, the technical secret level and the international scientific and technological progress award. Qualitative performance has a significant impact on these measurable performance. That is, cooperation between different organizations in the same subject may be a potential form of higher measurement performance. In the summary, the effects of cognitive heterogeneity on performance are most prominent, regardless of the measurement of the performance dimension. Therefore, we speculate that the deep cognitive diversity is very good. Third, the research hypothesis that the transformational leadership plays the role of heterogeneity and original innovation performance is partly verified. First, the transformational leadership style negatively regulates the discipline heterogeneity and the initiative performance, the novelty performance and the econometric performance. That is, the team is led by the high transformational leadership. On the other hand, cooperation among heterogeneous teams makes the team's pioneering performance, novelty performance and econometric performance lower. This conclusion warns us that overemphasis on the role of transformational leadership may lead to excessive emphasis on intellectual motivation in the organization, thus detrimental to the stability of the organization, and therefore, not necessarily to innovation. Secondly, the transformational leadership is regulating the relationship between the total performance of cognitive heterogeneity and the original innovation and the initial performance, but it does not regulate the novelty performance and the econometric performance. In other words, in the context of the high transformational leadership, cognitive heterogeneity promotes the total performance and initial performance of original innovation. Generally speaking, the transformational leadership style is positively regulating cognitive heterogeneity and primordial innovation performance, and this regulation plays a role mainly through pioneering performance and contributes little to novelty and econometric performance. The reason may be that leadership can reduce the negative effects of heterogeneity on team creativity and promote the product. The impact and communication between the extreme ideas, views and knowledge stimulate the creative motivation of the team members and enhance the creativity of the team. Thirdly, transformational leadership has no regulatory effect on all the performance dimensions of organizational heterogeneity and original innovation. Therefore, we believe that in the interdisciplinary cooperation of original innovation in universities, we do not need to pay too much attention to the influence of leadership style on cooperation among different organizations. The moderating effect of original innovation performance can be judged that the transformational leadership style plays a negative regulatory role in the static subject heterogeneity, and plays a positive role in the cognitive heterogeneity of the dynamic individual. Therefore, the transformational leadership style plays a more important role in the members of the scientific research group. Instead of spending too much energy on the specific business of different disciplines, interdisciplinary cooperation must pay special attention to the regulatory role of transformational leadership on team members. This is the deepening of leadership theory and a good application of leadership theory in the innovation process of University primordial nature. The influence of guidance style is different from heterogeneity. Fourth, on the relationship between research types, business school types and financial support and original innovation performance. Variance analysis shows that the original innovation performance of the team in interdisciplinary cooperation of colleges and universities is not due to the type of colleges and universities and research funds. How much has a significant impact, but the original innovation performance will have a significant difference in the field of basic application research. Therefore, in the process of interdisciplinary cooperation, it is necessary to pay special attention to the interdisciplinary cooperation in the field of basic application research, that is, the occurrence of original innovation, which has priority and is in bass. The scientific research of German quadrant is the most likely important field to realize major original innovation. To sum up, this research has completed the research process of "team heterogeneity and original innovation performance" from practice to theory to practice from the background of Chinese original innovation reality. The results show a variety of results, but these results reveal the key influencing factors and evaluation dimensions of the original innovation of the heterogeneity subject cooperation team, and provide a management perspective and inspiration for the scientific research team involved in interdisciplinary cooperation in Colleges and Universities: in the main effect, the important role of recognizing heterogeneity to original innovation is highlighted. In terms of performance evaluation, a new evaluation system of original innovation performance has been established, and the application scope of leadership theory is widened in the context study. These conclusions have laid a theoretical foundation for the strategic decision of interdisciplinary cooperation practice in the process of original innovation in Chinese universities and provide direction guidance for practice. The management of interdisciplinary teams needs to bring the advantages of heterogeneity into play and avoid the destructive effects of heterogeneity.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G647
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本文编号：1970450