老年人骑行时下肢关节运动学、动力学及骑行效率的研究

发布时间：2018-06-06 23:16

本文选题：骑行 + 关节功率　；参考：《上海体育学院》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：研究目的:如今,骑行已成为人们广为喜爱的一项绿色出行以及休闲锻炼方式,受到普通民众特别是广大老年人群的青睐。受衰老因素影响,老年人的肌肉力量、收缩速度等肌肉力学属性会出现明显的下降,这会对他们的骑行运动模式产生一定的影响。自上世纪以来,科研工作者进行了大量骑行方面的研究,但关于老年人骑行的生物力学研究较为少见。因此,本论文的目的在于了解老年人在低等和中等水平输出功率负荷下,以常见踩踏频率骑行时的骑行运动模式特点,以探讨衰老对骑行可能产生的影响。具体包括:了解老年人在常用的骑行负荷、踩踏频率条件下骑行时,下肢三关节的功率配比、膝关节载荷以及骑行的经济性特点。研究方法:本研究选取了有三年以上骑行经验,且每天骑车时间在30min以上的健康老年人和年轻人各24名作为研究对象,在功率自行车上(Monark,Sweden)以随机的顺序分别完成在低负荷(60W)、中等负荷(100W)两种输出功率下,以自选频率、低踩踏频率(40rpm)、中踩踏频率(60rpm)、高踩踏频率(90rpm),共8种条件的骑行。每种条件骑行3min。应用三维运动学捕捉系统(Vicon,UK)、自主研发、定制的三维测力脚踏板、K4b 2遥测便携式肺功能仪(Cosmed,Italy)同步采集受试者进入稳定骑行状态最后30 s的下肢三维运动学、踩踏动力学以及能耗数据,处理并计算下肢各关节功率贡献度(一个踩踏周期内某关节的功率与下肢三关节功率之和的比值)、膝关节额状面与水平面力矩、骑行效率(一段时间内的做功与消耗的总生理能的比值)等指标来反映受试者下肢三关节的功率配比,膝关节载荷以及骑行经济性的特点。研究结果:(1)60W负荷条件下,老年人和年轻人以90rpm骑行时的髋关节功率贡献度显著小于自选频率、40rpm、60rpm(P0.01),膝关节功率贡献度显著大于自选频率、40rpm、60rpm(P0.01);100W负荷条件下,两组人的髋和膝关节功率贡献度各踩踏频率间差异不具有显著性(P0.05);两种负荷条件下,两组人以自选频率、60rpm骑行时的踝关节功率贡献度显著小于40rpm(P0.01),大于90rpm(P0.01)。(2)相同条件下骑行,老年组与年轻组的膝关节内收、外展、旋内、旋外力矩峰值差异均不具有显著性(P0.05);100W负荷条件下骑行,老年组和年轻组的膝内收力矩峰值和旋内力矩峰值显著大于60W(P0.01);60W负荷条件下,两组人以90rpm骑行时的膝内收力矩峰值大于自选频率、40rpm、60rpm(P0.05);100W负荷条件下,两组人以40rpm骑行时的膝内收力矩峰值大于自选频率、60rpm、90rpm(P0.01)。(3)相同条件下骑行,老年组的骑行效率显著低于年轻组(P0.01);随负荷的增加,老年组和年轻组的骑行效率增大(P0.01);两种负荷下,两组人以自选频率、40rpm、60rpm骑行时的骑行效率各踩踏频率之间差异不具有显著性,大于以90rpm骑行(P0.01)。主要结论:(1)在低负荷条件下,与其它踩踏频率骑行时相比,老年人高踩踏频率下髋关节所起的作用较小,而膝关节在此踩踏频率下所起的作用较大;中等负荷条件下骑行时,髋和膝关节的作用没有受到踩踏频率的影响;踝关节的作用不受负荷的影响,但随着踩踏频率的增大而减小;这些特点与年轻人相一致,衰老没有改变骑行时下肢三关节的功率配比情况。(2)相同条件下骑行,老年人与年轻人的膝关节载荷一致,衰老并没有引起骑行中膝关节载荷的增大;低负荷条件下以高踩踏频率骑行,以及中等负荷条件下低踩踏频率的骑行,膝关节都受到了比较大的载荷。(3)老年组的骑行效率低于年轻组,衰老引起了骑行效率的下降;老年人与年轻人的骑行效率均随负荷的增加而增大;他们以较低的踩踏频率骑行时的骑行效率已至最大,快速骑行时的骑行效率反而下降。
[Abstract]:Research purposes: now, riding has become one of the most popular green travel and recreational exercises, which are favored by the ordinary people, especially the older people. Influenced by the aging factors, the muscular strength of the elderly, the speed of contraction, and so on, will decrease significantly, which will produce the pattern of their cycling. Since the last century, researchers have carried out a lot of research on riding, but the biomechanical research on the riding of the elderly is rare. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to understand the characteristics of the riding pattern of the elderly under the low and medium output power load and often riding on the tread frequency. To explore the possible effects of aging on cycling. It includes: to understand the power ratio of the three joints of the lower extremities, the load of the knee joint and the economic characteristics of riding when riding on the frequency condition. The research method: This study selected the riding experience for more than three years and the time of riding in 30min every day. 24 healthy elderly and 24 young people were used as research subjects. On power bicycles (Monark, Sweden), two kinds of output power of low load (60W) and medium load (100W) were performed in random order, with self selection frequency, low tread frequency (40rpm), middle tread frequency (60rpm), high stampede frequency (90rpm), and riding in 8 conditions. Conditional 3min. applications (Vicon, UK), independent research and development, customized three-dimensional force foot pedal, K4b 2 telemetry portable lung function instrument (Cosmed, Italy) synchronized acquisition of subjects into the final 30 s of stable riding status of the lower limb three-dimensional kinematics, tread dynamics and energy data, processing and calculating the joint work of lower limbs Rate contribution (the ratio of the power of a joint in a tread cycle to the sum of the three joint power of the lower limb), the frontal and horizontal moment of the knee joint, the ratio of the riding efficiency (the ratio of the work and the total physiological energy consumed in a period of time) to reflect the power ratio of the three joints of the lower limbs of the subjects, the load of the knee joint and the economy of riding. The results are as follows: (1) under 60W load conditions, the hip power contribution of the elderly and young people on 90rpm riding is significantly smaller than the frequency of self selection, 40rpm, 60rpm (P0.01), and the power contribution of the knee joint is significantly greater than the frequency of self selection, 40rpm, 60rpm (P0.01), and 100W negative charge, between the hip and knee power contributions of the two groups. The difference was not significant (P0.05); under the two load conditions, the two groups were selected at the frequency of self selection, and the power contribution of the ankle joint was significantly less than that of 40rpm (P0.01), greater than 90rpm (P0.01). (2) in the same condition, the differences in the peak of the knee adduction, abduction, internal rotation, and external torque were not significant (P0.05) in the old group and the young group (P0.05); 100 The peak of the peak torque and the internal torque of the knee in the aged group and the young group were significantly greater than that of 60W (P0.01). The peak of the knee adduction moment of the two groups was greater than the frequency of self selection, 40rpm, 60rpm (P0.05), and the peak of the knee adduction moment of the two groups was greater than that of the 40rpm under the condition of 60W load. The peak of the knee adduction moment of the knee was greater than that of the two groups. Frequency selection, 60rpm, 90rpm (P0.01). (3) riding in the same condition, the efficiency of riding in the elderly group was significantly lower than that of the young group (P0.01); with the increase of the load, the riding efficiency of the old group and the young group increased (P0.01). Under the two loads, there was no significant difference between the frequency of the riding efficiency of the riding efficiency of the two groups at the frequency of self selection, 40rpm, and 60rpm riding. More than 90rpm riding (P0.01). Main conclusions: (1) the role of hip joint under high tread frequency is smaller than that of other stampede frequency under low load condition, and the role of knee joint under tread frequency is larger than that of other tread frequency. The role of hip and knee joint is not affected by tread frequency when riding under medium load condition. Effect; the effect of the ankle joint is not affected by the load, but decreases with the increase of the frequency of stampede; these characteristics are consistent with young people, and senescence does not change the power ratio of the three joints of the lower extremities when riding. (2) the same conditions are on the same condition, the elderly and the young people have the same knee joint load, and senescence does not cause the riding in the knee joint load. The efficiency of riding in the old group is lower than that of the young group, and the efficiency of riding is decreased, and the efficiency of the riding of the old and the young increases with the increase of the load. (3) the efficiency of the elderly and the young is increased with the increase of the load. When riding at low trampling frequency, the riding efficiency has reached the maximum, and the riding efficiency of fast riding has decreased.
【学位授予单位】：上海体育学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G872.3

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