中国海外利益维护战略研究
发布时间：2018-07-23 11:02
【摘要】：在全球化浪潮的推涌下,中国融入世界的速度不断加快,中国国家利益的内涵也随之发生了变化。在国家的利益结构中,中国海外利益所占比重不断上升、地位不断彰显,逐渐成为关乎中国国家安全、经济发展和人民福祉的一个关键变量。中国海外利益战略性能的提升,突出了对之进行战略维护的意义。进入新世纪,面对持续变化且愈发复杂的国内国际形势,日益加强的国内利益国际化和国际利益国内化趋势,中国亟需针对海外利益议题进行顶层设计,施以战略谋划,强化自身适应国内经济社会发展、顺应国际政治经济格局变动的能力;中国有必要改变在海外利益维护上的“刺激-反应”型策略方式,代之以稳定自信的系统战略,找准方向、合理分配资源,兼顾海外利益的安全和国家发展的大局。本文遵循“战略对象-战略演进-战略困境-战略参鉴-战略设计”的步骤,以新中国成立以来中国与国际社会的战略互动为主要研究内容,基于国际关系理论基本知识,借助古今对比、中外对比,系统探讨了中国海外利益维护战略构建问题。第一章,优先明确了中国海外利益维护战略的指涉对象,讨论了中国海外利益的概念、内涵与战略价值。本章遵循“理论-实际”、“概念-价值”相互结合的思路。首先,按照“国家利益-中国国家利益-中国海外利益”的逻辑界定了中国海外利益的概念。中国国家利益是中国海外利益的涵养母体,是其生成和发展的基础。中国海外利益是“中国在崛起过程中通过参与国际交流而产生的、一种存在于国家领土范围以外的、新型的、合法的利益的集合体”。其次,结合“内容-主体-重要性”三重标准,将中国海外利益分为了政治、经济、安全、文化四种类型和国家、企业、公民三个层次。最后,系统论述了中国海外利益对于国家的生存与发展、综合国力的提升、国际形象与地位的战略价值。第二章,纵向梳理了中国海外利益维护战略的演进过程,提出了“中国海外利益的维护战略与拓展战略二者并未同步,前者明显滞后于后者”这一问题。本章以维护战略的发展为主线,遵循“历史-现实-未来”、“拓展战略-维护战略”相互对照的逻辑展开分析。1949-2000年是中国海外利益维护战略的空档期。以改革开放的实行为节点,该时期分为两个阶段:1978年以前是中国海外利益拓展与维护战略同时缺失的阶段;1978年以后是拓展战略初步形成而维护战略继续缺位的阶段,“引进来”战略填补了中国海外利益拓展战略的空白。2001-2012年是中国海外利益维护战略的摸索期。以2008年国际金融危机的爆发为节点,该时期分为两个阶段:2001-2007年是拓展战略持续完善与维护战略意识萌芽的阶段,“走出去”战略的实施促进了中国海外利益的快速增长,国家领导层也正式提出了“海外利益维护”这一命题;2008-2012年是拓展战略总结反思与维护战略初步探索的阶段,在国际形势恶化的背景下,“走出去”战略的方向有所调整,与此同时海外利益维护中融入了军力元素。2013年至今是中国海外利益维护战略的塑造期。“一带一路”战略的推出预示着中国海外利益的拓展将迎来一个新阶段,总体安全观、国家治理现代化等理念的问世则昭示着中国海外利益维护战略进入了整体设计的轨道。第三章,综合考察了中国海外利益战略维护面临的挑战,指出了其必须要克服的内部问题、外部风险与国际竞争。本章以“问题-风险-竞争”为基本点,以“关系思考”为落脚点。首先,从中国自身来看,中国海外利益的战略维护受到“经济发展上的结构性弊端”、“安全维护上的力量性失衡”和“对外交往中的原则性限制”三个不利条件的制约;其次,从外部环境来看,中国海外利益的战略维护需要应对“全球层面的形势变化”、“地区层面的形势紧张”、“国家层面的情势变换”和“社会层面的文化差异”四种不利情形;再次,从国家间互动来看,中国海外利益的战略维护面对着传统大国和新兴国家的竞争。也即是说,中国海外利益的战略维护需要同时处理好与自身、与他国、与地区、与世界的关系。第四章,横向归纳了主要大国海外利益维护的战略启示,总结了全球性大国海外利益维护的经验和教训。本章按照“中国自身-外部世界”、“新兴大国-传统大国”相互对照的逻辑延展思路。首先,考察了英国的案例。大英帝国时期,英国的海外利益遍布全球,是当时拥有海外利益最多、规模最大的国家;英国的海外利益主要面临着殖民地的反抗、其他大国的竞争等挑战;英国的海外利益维护注重内外兼顾、软硬兼施;这启示中国要持续推进海洋强国战略,建设强大海权。其次,考察了美国的案例。美国是当今世界地位最显赫、海外利益最丰富、影响力最大的国家;美国的海外利益面临着传统和非传统安全威胁、其他大国的竞争等挑战;美国的海外利益维护核心在于确保其全球领导权,结合了权力、制度和文化三个维度;这启示中国要全方位提升自身实力并将之转化为能力,并借助国际机制和观念的力量进行维权。最后,考察了日本的案例。日本是资本主义世界第二大国,是东亚地区最发达的经济体;日本的海外利益同样面临着传统和非传统安全威胁、其他大国的竞争等挑战;日本的海外利益维护最大限度地发挥了自身经济的作用,同时依附美国;这启示中国要充分发挥本国的优势,避免自身劣势,积极参与国际事务。第五章,尝试构建了中国在21世纪的海外利益维护战略,探索了中国作为新兴大国的海外利益维护之道。本章遵循从“目标-手段-影响”、“观念-权力-制度”、“国家治理-地区治理-全球治理”的逻辑。首先,设定了中国海外利益维护战略的目标。直接目标是保障利益安全,拓展目标是增益国家发展,延伸目标是推动国际治理。其次,论述了中国海外利益维护战略的构成。观念、权力和制度是一项海外利益维护战略必不可缺的三大内核。中国海外利益维护战略以“利益共享的观念”为指导原则,以“大国权力的和平运用”为基本依托,以“国际制度能力的建设”为合法途径。再次,评估了中国海外利益维护战略的影响。它有助于中国进一步发展成“一个全球性的大国”、“一个负责任的大国”、“一个领导型的大国”。
[Abstract]:In the tide of globalization, the speed of China's integration into the world has been accelerating and the connotation of China's national interests has changed. In the country's interest structure, the proportion of China's overseas interests is rising, its status is constantly showing, and it has gradually become a key variable about China's national security, economic development and the people's welfare. The promotion of the performance of China's overseas interests highlights the significance of strategic maintenance for it. Entering the new century, facing the continuous and increasingly complex domestic and international situation, the increasing domestic interest and international interests and the trend of internalization of international interests, China urgently needs a top-level design for overseas interests and strategic planning. It is necessary for China to change its ability to adapt to the economic and social development of the country and adapt to the changes in the international political and economic pattern. It is necessary for China to change the "stimulus response" strategy in the maintenance of overseas interests, to replace it with a stable and confident system strategy, to find the right direction, to allocate resources reasonably, and to take care of the security of the interests of the sea and the development of the country. According to the steps of "strategic object - Strategic Evolution - strategic predicament - strategic reference - Strategic Design", the strategic interaction between China and the international community since the founding of new China is the main research content. Based on the basic knowledge of international relations theory, with the help of the comparison between ancient and modern, China and foreign countries, the construction of China's overseas interests maintenance strategy is systematically explored. This chapter discusses the concept, connotation and strategic value of China's overseas interests. This chapter follows the idea of "theory reality" and "concept value". First, the Chinese overseas profit is defined in accordance with the logic of "national interest - China's national interest - China's overseas interests" The Chinese national interest is the mainstay of China's overseas interests and the basis for its generation and development. China's overseas interests are "a collection of international exchanges in the process of China's rise, a collection of new and legitimate interests outside the territory of the country". The three standard of importance is divided into four types of political, economic, security and cultural types and three levels of state, enterprise and citizen. Finally, the Chinese overseas interests are systematically discussed for the survival and development of the country, the promotion of the comprehensive national strength and the strategic value of the international image and status. Chapter second, the longitudinal combing of China's overseas The evolution process of the interest maintenance strategy proposed that "the two parties of China's overseas interests maintenance strategy and expansion strategy did not synchronize, the former obviously lagged behind the latter". This chapter took the development of the maintenance strategy as the main line, followed the logic of "history reality - future" and "development strategy maintenance strategy" to analyze.1949- 2000 is the gap period of China's overseas interest maintenance strategy, which is divided into two stages with the implementation of reform and opening up. This period is divided into two stages: before 1978, China's overseas interest expansion and maintenance strategy are simultaneously missing; after 1978, the development strategy is initially formed and the strategy continues to be absent, and the "Introduction" strategy has been filled. The gap of China's overseas interest development strategy.2001-2012 year is a period of exploration for China's overseas interest maintenance strategy. With the outbreak of the international financial crisis in 2008 as the node, the period is divided into two stages: the 2001-2007 year is the stage of the development strategy continuous improvement and maintenance of strategic consciousness, and the implementation of "going out" strategy has promoted the China Sea The rapid growth of foreign interests, the national leadership also formally put forward the proposition of "maintenance of overseas interests"; the 2008-2012 year is the stage for the preliminary exploration of the strategic summary reflection and maintenance strategy. Under the background of the deterioration of the international situation, the direction of "going out" strategy has been adjusted, while Jun Liyuan has been integrated into the maintenance of overseas interests. The development of China's overseas interest maintenance strategy has been the molding period of the.2013 year. The introduction of the "one along the road" suggests that the expansion of China's overseas interests will usher in a new stage. The concept of overall security and the modernization of national governance shows that China's overseas interest maintenance war has entered the overall design track. The third chapter is a comprehensive review. This chapter examines the challenges facing China's overseas interests strategy maintenance, points out the internal problems that must be overcome, the external risk and international competition. This chapter takes "the problem risk competition" as the basic point and the "relationship thinking" as the foothold. First, the strategic maintenance of China's overseas interests is "economic development" from China itself. "Structural malpractice", "unbalance of strength in safety maintenance" and "principle restriction in foreign communication" three unfavorable conditions; secondly, from the external environment, the strategic maintenance of China's overseas interests needs to respond to "the change of the global level", "the situation in the ground level" and "the situation of the state level" The four disadvantageous situations of "transformation" and "cultural differences at the social level"; again, from inter state interaction, the strategic maintenance of China's overseas interests faces the competition between the traditional powers and the emerging countries. That is to say, the strategic maintenance of China's overseas interests needs to be dealt with at the same time with itself, with other countries, with the region, and with the world, fourth. This chapter sums up the strategic enlightenment of the maintenance of overseas interests of major powers, summarizes the experience and lessons of the maintenance of overseas interests of the global powers. This chapter, according to the "China itself - the external world", "the emerging powers - the traditional power" contrasting with each other's logic. First, the British case. The British Empire period, the British Sea The foreign interests are all over the world, the country that has the most overseas interests and the largest scale at that time; the foreign interests of the UK are mainly faced with the resistance of the colonies, the competition of the other great powers, and the protection of the foreign interests of the UK pays attention to both internal and external, and both hard and soft, which inspires China to continue to promote the strategy of marine power and build a strong sea power. Secondly, The United States is the most prominent, most rich and influential country in the world, the interests of the United States are faced with the challenges of traditional and non-traditional security threats, and the competition of other big countries, and the core of American overseas interests lies in ensuring its global leadership, combining power, system, and culture three. It suggests that China should improve its own strength and transform it into ability in all directions, and maintain power with the power of international mechanisms and ideas. Finally, it examines the case of Japan. Japan is the second largest country in the capitalist world, the most developed economy in East Asia, and Japan's overseas interests are also faced with traditional and non-traditional security. All the threats, the competition of other big countries and other challenges; Japan's overseas interests maintenance to maximize the role of its own economy, while attaching to the United States, which inspires China to give full play to its own advantages, avoid its own disadvantages, and actively participate in international affairs. In the fifth chapter, we try to build China's strategy for maintaining overseas interests in twenty-first Century and explore the strategy of China's overseas interests. China is the way to safeguard the overseas interests of China as a new developing country. This chapter follows the logic of "target - means - influence", "concept - power - system", "State Governance - Regional Governance - Global Governance". First, the goal of China's overseas interests maintenance strategy is set. The direct goal is to guarantee the security of interests and the goal of expanding the country's development. The extension goal is to promote international governance. Secondly, the constitution of China's overseas interests maintenance strategy is discussed. Concept, power and system are the three essential core of the overseas interest maintenance strategy. The Chinese overseas interests maintenance strategy is guided by "the concept of interest sharing", and the basic principle of "the peaceful application of power power" as the basic principle. Relying on the "building of international institutional capacity" as a legal approach. Again, the impact of China's overseas interests maintenance strategy is assessed. It helps China to further develop into a "a global power", "a responsible big country", "a leading country".
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D820
，
本文编号：2139187
[Abstract]:In the tide of globalization, the speed of China's integration into the world has been accelerating and the connotation of China's national interests has changed. In the country's interest structure, the proportion of China's overseas interests is rising, its status is constantly showing, and it has gradually become a key variable about China's national security, economic development and the people's welfare. The promotion of the performance of China's overseas interests highlights the significance of strategic maintenance for it. Entering the new century, facing the continuous and increasingly complex domestic and international situation, the increasing domestic interest and international interests and the trend of internalization of international interests, China urgently needs a top-level design for overseas interests and strategic planning. It is necessary for China to change its ability to adapt to the economic and social development of the country and adapt to the changes in the international political and economic pattern. It is necessary for China to change the "stimulus response" strategy in the maintenance of overseas interests, to replace it with a stable and confident system strategy, to find the right direction, to allocate resources reasonably, and to take care of the security of the interests of the sea and the development of the country. According to the steps of "strategic object - Strategic Evolution - strategic predicament - strategic reference - Strategic Design", the strategic interaction between China and the international community since the founding of new China is the main research content. Based on the basic knowledge of international relations theory, with the help of the comparison between ancient and modern, China and foreign countries, the construction of China's overseas interests maintenance strategy is systematically explored. This chapter discusses the concept, connotation and strategic value of China's overseas interests. This chapter follows the idea of "theory reality" and "concept value". First, the Chinese overseas profit is defined in accordance with the logic of "national interest - China's national interest - China's overseas interests" The Chinese national interest is the mainstay of China's overseas interests and the basis for its generation and development. China's overseas interests are "a collection of international exchanges in the process of China's rise, a collection of new and legitimate interests outside the territory of the country". The three standard of importance is divided into four types of political, economic, security and cultural types and three levels of state, enterprise and citizen. Finally, the Chinese overseas interests are systematically discussed for the survival and development of the country, the promotion of the comprehensive national strength and the strategic value of the international image and status. Chapter second, the longitudinal combing of China's overseas The evolution process of the interest maintenance strategy proposed that "the two parties of China's overseas interests maintenance strategy and expansion strategy did not synchronize, the former obviously lagged behind the latter". This chapter took the development of the maintenance strategy as the main line, followed the logic of "history reality - future" and "development strategy maintenance strategy" to analyze.1949- 2000 is the gap period of China's overseas interest maintenance strategy, which is divided into two stages with the implementation of reform and opening up. This period is divided into two stages: before 1978, China's overseas interest expansion and maintenance strategy are simultaneously missing; after 1978, the development strategy is initially formed and the strategy continues to be absent, and the "Introduction" strategy has been filled. The gap of China's overseas interest development strategy.2001-2012 year is a period of exploration for China's overseas interest maintenance strategy. With the outbreak of the international financial crisis in 2008 as the node, the period is divided into two stages: the 2001-2007 year is the stage of the development strategy continuous improvement and maintenance of strategic consciousness, and the implementation of "going out" strategy has promoted the China Sea The rapid growth of foreign interests, the national leadership also formally put forward the proposition of "maintenance of overseas interests"; the 2008-2012 year is the stage for the preliminary exploration of the strategic summary reflection and maintenance strategy. Under the background of the deterioration of the international situation, the direction of "going out" strategy has been adjusted, while Jun Liyuan has been integrated into the maintenance of overseas interests. The development of China's overseas interest maintenance strategy has been the molding period of the.2013 year. The introduction of the "one along the road" suggests that the expansion of China's overseas interests will usher in a new stage. The concept of overall security and the modernization of national governance shows that China's overseas interest maintenance war has entered the overall design track. The third chapter is a comprehensive review. This chapter examines the challenges facing China's overseas interests strategy maintenance, points out the internal problems that must be overcome, the external risk and international competition. This chapter takes "the problem risk competition" as the basic point and the "relationship thinking" as the foothold. First, the strategic maintenance of China's overseas interests is "economic development" from China itself. "Structural malpractice", "unbalance of strength in safety maintenance" and "principle restriction in foreign communication" three unfavorable conditions; secondly, from the external environment, the strategic maintenance of China's overseas interests needs to respond to "the change of the global level", "the situation in the ground level" and "the situation of the state level" The four disadvantageous situations of "transformation" and "cultural differences at the social level"; again, from inter state interaction, the strategic maintenance of China's overseas interests faces the competition between the traditional powers and the emerging countries. That is to say, the strategic maintenance of China's overseas interests needs to be dealt with at the same time with itself, with other countries, with the region, and with the world, fourth. This chapter sums up the strategic enlightenment of the maintenance of overseas interests of major powers, summarizes the experience and lessons of the maintenance of overseas interests of the global powers. This chapter, according to the "China itself - the external world", "the emerging powers - the traditional power" contrasting with each other's logic. First, the British case. The British Empire period, the British Sea The foreign interests are all over the world, the country that has the most overseas interests and the largest scale at that time; the foreign interests of the UK are mainly faced with the resistance of the colonies, the competition of the other great powers, and the protection of the foreign interests of the UK pays attention to both internal and external, and both hard and soft, which inspires China to continue to promote the strategy of marine power and build a strong sea power. Secondly, The United States is the most prominent, most rich and influential country in the world, the interests of the United States are faced with the challenges of traditional and non-traditional security threats, and the competition of other big countries, and the core of American overseas interests lies in ensuring its global leadership, combining power, system, and culture three. It suggests that China should improve its own strength and transform it into ability in all directions, and maintain power with the power of international mechanisms and ideas. Finally, it examines the case of Japan. Japan is the second largest country in the capitalist world, the most developed economy in East Asia, and Japan's overseas interests are also faced with traditional and non-traditional security. All the threats, the competition of other big countries and other challenges; Japan's overseas interests maintenance to maximize the role of its own economy, while attaching to the United States, which inspires China to give full play to its own advantages, avoid its own disadvantages, and actively participate in international affairs. In the fifth chapter, we try to build China's strategy for maintaining overseas interests in twenty-first Century and explore the strategy of China's overseas interests. China is the way to safeguard the overseas interests of China as a new developing country. This chapter follows the logic of "target - means - influence", "concept - power - system", "State Governance - Regional Governance - Global Governance". First, the goal of China's overseas interests maintenance strategy is set. The direct goal is to guarantee the security of interests and the goal of expanding the country's development. The extension goal is to promote international governance. Secondly, the constitution of China's overseas interests maintenance strategy is discussed. Concept, power and system are the three essential core of the overseas interest maintenance strategy. The Chinese overseas interests maintenance strategy is guided by "the concept of interest sharing", and the basic principle of "the peaceful application of power power" as the basic principle. Relying on the "building of international institutional capacity" as a legal approach. Again, the impact of China's overseas interests maintenance strategy is assessed. It helps China to further develop into a "a global power", "a responsible big country", "a leading country".
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D820
，
本文编号：2139187
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