哈他瑜伽常用体式动作特征的研究

发布时间：2018-09-18 12:33

【摘要】：目的：探讨哈他瑜伽常用体式的动作特征,为哈他瑜伽的发展及其在全民健身和康复医学中的应用提供科学依据。方法：以19名男女瑜伽教练为测试对象,利用三维摄像系统、压力平板和表面肌电仪等设备采集6个哈他瑜伽常用体式的运动学、动力学和表面肌电数据,同时结合练习者自身因素对体式的动作特征进行综合评价。结果： 1.体式静态阶段,山式身体角度和足底压力峰值左右侧的比较有差异；四个体式自身压力中心在Y轴位移均大于X轴；站立后弯式的前足压力较大,幻椅式则相反。站立后弯式和轮式在脊柱不同部位的运动幅度有差异。 2.体式变化过程,轮式压力中心的Y轴位移在不同阶段有差异,手拉脚单腿直立式的压力峰值和压力中心位移在各阶段均无差异；相同阶段下,轮式Y轴位移都大于X轴,手拉脚单腿直立式则无差异。足底各区利用方面,轮式以后足为主,手拉脚单腿直立式足底各区的差别不大。在肌肉活动方面,轮式的上肢肌、躯干肌、臀大肌和手拉脚单腿直立式的股内侧肌群、股直肌、股二头肌在不同阶段有差异。 3.O型腿的练习者在山式中自身足跟内外侧的压力峰值有差异,轮式姿势下的“腕-脐-足角”的大小与练习年限呈负相关。结论： 1.山式、风吹树式和站立后弯式的动作相对单一,可从身体头部和两侧的肩部、膝部、髋部的对称性以及是否出现脊柱回旋等指标加以评价；而幻椅式动作中的髋、膝和踝三个关节角度间的比例关系是影响该体式完成质量的关键。 2.以双足为“根基”的山式、风吹树式、幻椅式和站立后弯式的右足受力大小基本相同,身体侧向稳定性均高于前后方向；与山式的足底各区受力相比较,站立后弯式的前足、幻椅式的后足受力较大,风吹树式则无明显变化。 3.轮式动作完成的质量取决于脊柱、上肢和下肢各关节的运动幅度,可采用腕部、肚脐和足跟三点连线所成的身体角度来评价轮式动作的质量和难度；轮式不同阶段均以足跟处受力为主,前足利用程度较低,身体侧向稳定性较好；上肢肌肉动员水平高,是完成轮式动作的关键肌群。 4.手拉脚单腿直立式以单足为“根基”,保持摆动腿在身体不同方向的稳定姿势是其主要练习特点,可以通过减少脊柱侧屈和回旋幅度来提高动作质量；足底各区受力相对均匀,身体的稳定性在各个动作阶段、不同方向均无明显变化,身体的稳定性主要是由支撑腿的胫骨前肌、臀大肌和腓肠肌等参与完成。 5.瑜伽练习者的身高、年龄和足部形态对山式足底压力无明显影响,而腿型异常则可引起自身足跟内外侧的受力不均；在本文所选取的练习者因素中,轮式的整体后伸幅度仅与练习者的训练年限有关。
[Abstract]:Objective: to explore the action characteristics of the asana in Hatha yoga, and to provide scientific basis for the development of Hatha yoga and its application in national fitness and rehabilitation medicine. Methods: the kinematics, dynamics and surface electromyography data of six commonly used asanas of Hatha Yoga were collected by using 3D camera system, pressure plate and surface electromyograph with 19 male and female yoga instructors. At the same time, combined with the driver's own factors, the movement characteristics of the pose were comprehensively evaluated. Results: 1. In the static stage, there were differences between the peak left and right side of the peak plantar pressure, the displacement of the four pressure centers in Y axis was greater than that in the X axis, and the front foot pressure of the standing bending type was greater than that of the phantom chair type. The range of motion in different parts of the spine is different between the standing back bending type and the wheel type. 2. 2. The Y-axis displacement of the wheeled pressure center is different in different stages, but the peak pressure peak and the pressure center displacement of the one-leg vertical hand pull foot are not different in each stage, and the Y-axis displacement of the wheel is greater than that of the X-axis at the same stage. There is no difference in the one-legged upright position of the hand-pulling foot. In the area of plantar utilization, wheeled hind foot is dominant, hand-pulling foot one-legged vertical plantar area has little difference. In terms of muscle activity, wheeled upper limb muscle, trunk muscle, gluteus maximus muscle and medial femoris muscle group, rectus femoris muscle, There were differences in the biceps femoris at different stages. 3. The peak pressure of the internal and external sides of the heel was different in the mountain pose, and the size of the carpal-umbilical-foot angle was negatively correlated with the number of years of exercise in the wheeled posture. 3. Conclusion: 1. The relative singleness of the body's head and sides of the shoulder, knee and hip, and whether or not there is spinal rotation, is relatively simple in mountain, wind-blowing and standing back bends, while in phantom chair motion, the hip is. The proportional relationship between knee and ankle angles is the key to the quality of the pose. 2. The right foot with two feet as its "foundation", wind blowing tree type, magic chair type and standing back bend type have the same force size, and the lateral stability of the body is higher than that of the front and rear direction. The rear foot of the phantom chair has a large force, while the wind blowing tree has no obvious change. 3. The quality of wheeled movement depends on the range of motion of the joints of spine, upper limb and lower extremity. The body angle of wrist, navel and heel can be used to evaluate the quality and difficulty of wheeled movement. In different stages of wheel-type, the stress is mainly at heel, the utilization of forefoot is low, the lateral stability of body is better, and the mobilization level of upper limb muscle is high, which is the key muscle group to complete wheeled action. 4. The "foundation" of the one-legged upright type of hand pulling and one leg is one foot, and the main practice feature is to maintain the stable posture of the swinging leg in different directions of the body. It can improve the movement quality by reducing the lateral flexion and the swing amplitude of the spine; the force on the plantar is relatively uniform in all parts of the foot. The stability of the body is not changed in different directions in every movement stage. The stability of the body is mainly accomplished by the anterior tibial muscle, gluteus maximus muscle and gastrocnemius muscle, which support the leg. The height, age and shape of the foot of the yoga practitioner have no significant effect on the foot pressure, while the abnormal leg shape can cause the uneven stress on the inner and outer sides of the heel. The overall extension range of wheel type is only related to the training years of the practitioners.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G831.3

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