我国行业特色高校发展战略研究

发布时间：2018-10-17 17:55

【摘要】：我国正处于从高等教育大国迈向高等教育强国的历史进程。行业特色高校是中国特色高等教育体系中不可缺少、不可替代的重要组成部分，具有令人瞩目的特色和优势。行业特色高校作为与行业具有天然联系、具备自身独特优势的大学类型，其发展对于促进行业科技进步和国家创新体系建设具有不可替代的作用。行业特色高校的学科专业涉及的众多行业，大都关系国计民生和国家核心竞争力的战略性领域。行业特色高校的发展和内涵、质量及水平的提升，是我国高等教育科学发展必须关注的重大战略课题。本文根据我国高等教育改革发展的基本趋势，遵循理论与实践结合、历史与现实结合的原则，运用比较优势理论与竞争优势理论、趋同理论、协同论与协同创新理论及SWOT分析法、层次分析法，对行业特色高校战略发展进行分析，特别是对行业特色高校在体制转型时期的发展困境、新时期面临的发展现状，以及影响其战略发展的内外部因素进行了审视，并以此基础，提出了行业特色高校适应新形势的要求实现其战略发展的基本对策。大学的发展与社会分工密切相关。各行各业对人才和技术的需求推动了大学，形态的发展和变化。无论在西方国家，还是在中国，大学在其产生之初就与社会生产密切相联。在西方，近代大学由行会组成，随着工业化、现代化进程的发展，大学与各行各业更是建立了有着千丝万缕的联系。我国古代大学形成了与行业的初步联系，但我国行业特色高校的产生，则是与我国近代高等教育的发展相伴而行的。新中国诞生后进行的院系调整形成了与工业发展需求紧密结合的大学格局，即高等学校体系由少数综合性大学和为数众多的行业特色高校构成。计划经济时期，以部门办学为显著特征的行业特色高校支撑了国家经济社会和文化事业的发展。社会主义市场经济体制的确立以后，伴随着高等教育大众化进程，我国高等教育宏观管理体制适应经济基础的需要进行了深刻的改革，行业部门办学的体制被打破，高校在大范围的合并、调整和重组的同时，进行了规模扩张，很多行业特色高校在发展战略定位上经历了游移、迷失、选择和调适的过程。这种迷失主要体现为由于学校发展战略定位模糊而产生的疏离行业特色的“去行业化”的趋势，相应地，这种调适也主要体现为适应国家现代化建设和高等教育发展的新形势和新任务的“再行业化”的取向。半个多世纪的发展历程中，行业特色高校经历了新中国成立初期蓬勃发展的辉煌阶段，也面临我国在新世纪由高等教育大国迈向高等教育强国进程中实现转型发展新的战略选择。行业特色高校在国家经济社会发展的过程中，有着难得的机遇和优势，同时也面临着新的挑战和自身存在的劣势。行业特色高校在长期面向行业培养大批的专门人才，拥有善于解决行业技术难题和丰富实践经验的科研队伍，具有与行业产业密切的产学研合作背景，形成了特色鲜明的学科优势和人才培养优势。但学科相对单一、基础学科相对薄弱、人才培养模式改革滞后等也是其现实存在的问题。与此同时，经济社会的深刻变革使行业特色高校与行业的联系有所疏离，行业特色高校在一段时间内面临办学经费缺乏以及科研项目减少、学生实践实训与就业等受到一定冲击的严峻形势；此外，行业特色高校办学也受到来自国内外一流大学乃至同层次高校的强力竞争，面临着多元化人才质量观的挑战以及宏观政策环境有待改善等因素的制约。制约行业特色高校发展的因素是复杂的，内部因素与外部因素交织。行业特色高校的发展除了受经济社会发展的基础、政府支持程度、高等教育政策等宏观条件影响，也与其所依托的相关行业自身的发展变化即行业景气度、学校所处地域条件及所在地方行业发展需求状况密切相关。除此之外，行业特色高校自身的办学定位、发展规划、人才培养、科学研究、学科建设、社会服务及内部治理也更加深刻地影响着学校的发展和战略取向。运用层次分析法对行业特色型高校战略发展的诸多影响因素进行的实证分析发现：学校面临的宏观政策环境，学校所处的内部和外部条件，人才培养的目标、模式和机制，科学研究和学科建设以及学校发展战略的主体选择等因素，虽然对于学校发展的影响强度不一，但在行业特色高校发展过程中却都是不可忽视的。基于上述对行业特色高校转型发展形势及影响因素的分析，本文认为，国家应当从宏观上完善对行业特色高校发展的政策环境，把行业特色高校的发展纳入国家战略发展体系予以重视。行业特色高校则应主动适应国家、行业和区域的战略需求实现自身的发展。从外部来看，必须全面审视学校发展所面临的战略态势，包括国家现代化建设对高等教育提出的新要求，高等教育改革发展带来的高等学校激烈竞争的新格局，学校所处的行业和地方在改革发展过程中呈现的新情况等，根据自身的实际情况确定自身的长远发展战略，抢抓机遇，迎接挑战，发挥自身优势，克服自身的弱点，跟上时代步伐，不断提高办学水平和办学效益。从内部来看，必须遵循高等学校办学规律，坚持科学定位，彰显办学优势，构建创新型人才培养体系，，加强科学研究与学科建设，完善学校的治理结构、制度与文化环境，提高学校的核心竞争力，协调内部战略互动，形成与行业及区域稳定的共建机制，促进协同创新。总之，行业特色高校在发展战略选择上，必须坚持走内涵发展、创新发展、特色发展之路。
[Abstract]:China is in the process of moving from higher education power to higher education power. The industry characteristic university is an indispensable and irreplaceable important part of the Chinese characteristic higher education system, and has remarkable characteristics and advantages. As a natural connection with the industry, the industry-featured universities have the unique advantages of the university type, and its development has an irreplaceable role in promoting the industrial and technological progress of the industry and the construction of the national innovation system. The disciplines of specialized colleges and universities in the industry mainly relate to the strategic areas of national economy and people's livelihood and national core competitiveness. The development and connotation, quality and level of the industry characteristic colleges and universities are the major strategic topics which must be paid attention to in the development of higher education science in our country. Based on the basic trend of the reform and development of higher education in our country, this paper adheres to the principles of combining theory and practice, history and reality, applying comparative advantage theory and competitive advantage theory, convergence theory, collaboration theory and cooperative innovation theory and SWOT analysis method and analytic hierarchy process. This paper makes an analysis of the strategic development of the characteristics of the industry, especially the development dilemma of the university in the period of institutional transformation, the current situation of the development of the new period, and the internal and external factors which influence their strategic development, and on the basis of this, This paper puts forward the basic countermeasures to meet the demands of the new situation and realize their strategic development. The development of university is closely related to the division of labor Relevant. The demand of talent and technology in all walks of life has promoted the development of university and morphology. No matter in western countries or in China, universities are closely related to social production at the beginning of their production In the west, modern universities are composed of guild members. With the development of industrialization and modernization, universities and all walks of life have established thousands of strands With the development of modern higher education in China, China's ancient universities have formed a preliminary connection with the industry, but the development of Chinese characteristic universities is associated with the development of modern higher education in China. After the birth of the new China, the department adjustment formed the university pattern closely combined with the industrial development demand, that is, the system of institutions of higher learning is composed of a few comprehensive universities and a large number of specialized colleges and universities Constituted. During the planned economy period, the department running a school as a prominent feature has supported the country's economic and social and cultural undertakings After the establishment of the socialist market economy system, with the popularization of higher education, the macro-management system of higher education in our country adapts to the needs of the economic foundation, and the system of the industry department is broken. At the same time, the scale expansion has been carried out at the same time of merger, adjustment and reorganization, and many specialized colleges and universities have experienced the movement, loss, selection and adjustment in the development strategy orientation. Process. This kind of loss is mainly embodied in the new industry due to the ambiguity of the school's development strategy. Featured "Go-Line" This adjustment is also mainly reflected in the new situation and new situation adapting to the modernization of the country and the development of higher education. task's" re-task "industry-oriented In the course of the development of more than half a century, the characteristic universities of the industry have gone through the brilliant stage of the development of new China, and also face the new strategy of realizing the transformation and development in the process of the great power of higher education in the new century. It has a rare opportunity and advantage in the course of national economic and social development, and also faces new challenges and self. In the long-term, the industry-characteristic colleges and universities have developed a large number of scientific research teams in the long-term oriented industry, have a scientific research team that is good at solving the technical problems and rich practical experience in the industry, and have the background of industry-research and research cooperation closely with the industry industry, and have formed distinctive academic advantages and people. However, the discipline is relatively simple, the basic subject is relatively weak, the training mode reform is lagging behind, and so on is its reality. At the same time, the profound change of economy and society has made the connection between university and industry of the industry characteristic, the industry characteristic colleges and universities face the shortage of running funds for a period of time and the decrease of scientific research projects, the students' practical training and employment, and so on, have been severely impacted In addition, the running of the industry characteristic universities is also influenced by the strong competition from domestic and foreign universities and even the same level colleges and universities, facing the challenge of diversified talent quality view and the improvement of macro policy environment. The factors that restrict the development of the industry-specific universities are complex and internal. In addition to the foundation of economic and social development, the government's support degree, the higher education policy and so on, the development of the relevant industry itself depends on the development of economy and society The change is the industry sentiment degree, the geographical conditions at the school and the development of the local industry Besides, the development planning, talent training, scientific research, subject construction, social service and internal governance of the university's own universities have more profound influence on schools. The development and strategic orientation of the university's strategic development are analyzed by means of analytic hierarchy process. The results show that the macro-policy environment, the internal and external conditions of the school, and the training of personnel are found in the paper. The objective, mode and mechanism, scientific research and discipline construction, and the subject choice of the school development strategy, etc., although the impact strength of the school development is not one, but in the course of the development of the industry characteristic university It is not negligible. Based on the above analysis of the development situation and influencing factors of the transformation and development of the industry characteristic universities, the paper holds that the state should perfect the policy environment for the development of the industry characteristic universities from the macro level, and integrate the development of the industry characteristic universities into the country. Attention should be paid to the development system of domestic strategy. The industry-characteristic universities should actively adapt to the national, industry and regional In view of the external view, it is necessary to comprehensively review the strategic situation faced by the development of the school, including the new requirements put forward by the country's modernization construction and the development of higher education reform. The new pattern of fierce competition in schools, the new situation in the course of the reform and development of the industry and the local place at the school, determines its own long-term development strategy according to the actual situation of itself, seize the opportunity, meet the challenge, play its own advantage, and overcome the self-reliance. Weakness of the body, keep up with the pace of the times, keep pace with the times In the light of the internal view, it is necessary to follow the law of running schools in colleges and universities, adhere to scientific orientation, demonstrate the advantages of running schools, build innovative talents training system, strengthen scientific research and discipline construction, improve the governance structure, system and cultural environment of schools. Improve the core competitiveness of the school, coordinate internal strategic interaction, and form a stable relationship with the industry and the region In a word, in the development of strategic choice, industry-specific universities must adhere to the development of connotation.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G649.2

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