体育强国的评价体系与实现路径研究

发布时间：2018-11-17 07:26

【摘要】：为进一步探究建设体育强国的相关理论,以定性研究与定量分析相结合的研究范式对体育强国的内涵、评价体系以及实现路径进行研究。结论如下： (1)我国对“体育强国”的认识经历了基于竞技体育的单维判断和体育综合实力多维思考两个阶段。 (2)体育强国是指群众体育、竞技体育、体育科技、体育产业、体育教育、体育文化等体育综合实力位居世界前列的国家。 (3)国家体育综合实力是由体育硬实力和体育软实力相互作用所呈现出的整体力量。体育硬实力主要涵盖竞技体育实力、群众体育实力、体育科技实力、体育产业实力、体育教育实力五个方面,体育软实力则包括体育文化、政府管理制度与执政能力三个方面。 (4)体育强国的具体表征是：竞技体育布局合理,整体实力强；国民体质强,体育参与质量高；体育教育质量与人才培养水平高；体育科技水平高,科技创新成果位居世界前列；体育产业发达,具有较强的国际竞争能力；体育文化国际影响力大,具有较强的话语能力。 (5)体育强国是综合比较的结果,横向比较结果显示：以群众体育为基础、社会管理为主的内生式发展模式、健全的政策法规是美国体育发展带给我们的启示。将体育发展上升到国家层面的“人力资本投资”、重视公共体育设施建设和青少年体育发展、整合多部门协同机制管理是俄罗斯体育发展带给我们的启示。 (6)我国距体育强国还有很大的距离。竞技体育发展不均衡,基础项目水平低；群众体育发展滞后,不同区域与阶层之间体育发展水平不平衡,国民体质下降等因素制约着体育强国战略目标的实现。 (7)体育强国的评价体系可以划分为：目标层、准则层、要素层和指标层四个结构层次。具体涵盖两个一级指标,6个二级指标和51个三级指标观测体系。 (8)建设体育强国的路径选择主要在于：根本解决体育发展方式转变的问题,向“内生式”发展模式转化；处理好群众体育与竞技体育的关系,使发展成果普惠于民；改造现有的体育文化输出格局,扩大体育文化影响力；提高国家体育话语能力。 (9)实现体育强国战略目标可以分为“三步走”,第一步(2014-2025)：解决体育发展方式转变和群众体育发展滞后的问题；第二步(2025-2039)：逐步形成“内生式”体育发展模式,实现基础项目崛起；第三步(2039-2049)：使国家体育综合实力处于世界一流地位,初步实现迈向体育强国的战略目标。
[Abstract]:In order to further explore the relevant theories of building sports power, the connotation, evaluation system and realization path of sports power were studied by combining qualitative research with quantitative analysis. The conclusions are as follows: (1) China's understanding of "sports power" has experienced two stages: single dimension judgment based on competitive sports and multi-dimensional thinking on sports comprehensive strength. (2) the sports powerful country is the country with the comprehensive strength of mass sports, competitive sports, sports science and technology, sports industry, physical education, sports culture and so on. (3) the national sports comprehensive strength is the overall strength which is presented by the interaction of sports hard power and sports soft power. Sports hard strength mainly covers five aspects: competitive sports strength, mass sports strength, sports science and technology strength, sports industry strength and physical education strength. Sports soft power includes sports culture, government management system and ruling ability. (4) the characteristics of sports power are: reasonable distribution of competitive sports, strong overall strength, strong national physique, high quality of sports participation, high quality of physical education and training of talents; The sports science and technology level is high, the science and technology innovation achievement is in the forefront of the world, the sports industry is developed, has the strong international competition ability, the sports culture international influence is big, has the strong discourse ability. (5) the sports powerful country is the result of comprehensive comparison, the horizontal comparison result shows that: based on mass sports, social management is the main endogenous development mode, sound policies and regulations are the inspiration of American sports development. To raise the development of sports to the "investment of human capital" at the national level, to attach importance to the construction of public sports facilities and the development of youth sports, and to integrate the multi-department coordinated mechanism management are the inspiration of the development of sports in Russia. (6) China is still a long way from a strong sports country. The development of competitive sports is unbalanced, the level of basic sports is low, the development of mass sports lags behind, the level of sports development between different regions and strata is not balanced, the national physique is declining and so on, which restrict the realization of the strategic goal of sports power. (7) the evaluation system of sports power can be divided into four levels: target level, criterion layer, element layer and index layer. Specifically covers two first-level indicators, 6 secondary indicators and 51 third-level indicators observation system. (8) the choice of the way to build a sports power lies in: fundamentally solving the problem of changing the sports development mode, transforming to the "endogenous" development mode, handling well the relationship between mass sports and competitive sports, and making the development achievements universal and beneficial to the people; Transform the existing sports culture export pattern, expand the sports culture influence, improve the national sports discourse ability. (9) realizing the strategic goal of sports power can be divided into "three steps", the first step (2014-2025): to solve the problems of the transformation of sports development mode and the lagging of mass sports development; The second step (2025-2039): gradually form the "endogenous" sports development model to realize the rise of basic projects, the third step (2039-2049): make the national sports comprehensive strength in the world first-class position, initially realize the strategic goal of striding to the sports powerful country.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G812

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