南（中国）海水下文化遗产保护法律体制
发布时间：2025-01-09 02:41
历史证据可从书面记载中找到,也可从古代文物(不论是人类创造抑或自然产物)中发掘。从这些历史证据中,后人可感受到古人遗留的有关人文、政治、法律、艺术和文化等故事。历史证据的这些价值不仅对一国意义深远,更是全人类的瑰宝。历史悠久的南中国海(以下简称“南海”)曾作为连接亚欧海上贸易的主要航道,有着丝绸之路的美誉。该地区有着大量沉船,被称为水下文化遗产。船舶沉没成为水下文化遗产的原因很多,例如航行中遭遇然灾害、碰撞事故、甚至战争祸及此地。如今,寻宝者和受利益驱使的私人打捞公司非法挖掘正使这片海域的水下文化遗产面临危机。这可能致使南海的历史证据丢失或不完整。笔者认为造成该问题的原因有三方面。首先是由于南海地区领土和海洋划界争端。这些争端导致南海地区管辖权行使模糊不清,当一国在争议区行使管辖权,容易产生冲突,因此,寻宝者有可乘之机对南海地区水下文化遗产进行商业开发。其次,《联合国教科文组织水下文化遗产公约》(以下简称《水下文化遗产公约》)是一部全面保护水下文化遗产的国际公约,但仅有柬埔寨是该公约的缔约国。因此,公约的条款难以在南海地区适用以保护该地区的水下文化遗产。最后,南海沿岸国各自为政,各国立法...
【文章页数】：342 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
THESIS ABSTRACT 内容摘要 ABBREVIATIONS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 The Purposes of the Study
1.2 Research Hypothesis and Research Questions
1.3 Scope of the Study
1.4 Research Methodologies
1.5 Original Contributions
1.6 The Structure of the Thesis CHAPTER 2 UNDERWATER CULTURAL HERITAGE (UCH)IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA (SCS)
2.1 Introduction to the South China Sea
2.1.1 Definition of the SCS
2.1.2 The Disputes in the SCS
2.1.3 Approaches to solving the disputes in the SCS
2.2 Major Underwater Archaeological Events in the SCS
2.3 Significances and Threats of UCH in the SCS
2.3.1 Significances of the UCH in the SCS
2.3.2 Threats to the UCH in the SCS
2.4 Efforts to protect UCH in the SCS
2.4.1 Association of Southeast Asian Nations
2.4.2 United Nations Educational, Scientific and CulturalOrganization
2.4.3 The International Council of Museums
2.4.4 The International Council on Monuments andSites
2.4.5 The Southeast Asian Ministers of EducationOrganization
2.5 Conclusions CHAPTER 3 APPLICABLE PRINCIPLES AND LAWSCONCERNING UCH PROTECTION IN THE SCS
3.1 Applicable International laws concerning UCHProtection in the SCS
3.1.1 Legal Regime of Maritime Zones
3.1.2 Legal Framework for UCH protection under theUnited Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
3.1.3 The Legal Framework for UCH protection under the2001 UNESCO Convention
3.2 The SCS Littoral States' Domestic Laws
3.2.1 Brunei
3.2.2 Cambodia
3.2.3 China
3.2.4 Indonesia
3.2.5 Malaysia
3.2.6 The Philippines
3.2.7 Singapore
3.2.8 Thailand
3.2.9 Vietnam
3.2.10 Inconsistency of the SCS littoral States' DomesticLaws
3.3 Conclusions CHAPTER 4 SOME PRECEDENTED STATES PRACTICESON UCH PROTECTION
4.1 The Mediterranean Sea
4.1.1 Introduction to the Mediterranean Sea
4.1.2 Situation of UCH in the Mediterranean Sea
4.1.3 UCH protection in the Mediterranean Sea
4.2 The Baltic Sea
4.2.1 Introduction to the Baltic Sea
4.2.2 Situation of UCH in the Baltic Sea
4.2.3 UCH Protection in the Baltic Sea
4.3 The Caribbean Sea
4.3.1 Introduction to the Caribbean Sea
4.3.2 Applicable International Laws on UCH Protectionin the Caribbean Sea
4.3.3 Efforts to protect UCH in the Caribbean Sea
4.4 The Council of Europe
4.4.1 The European Cultural Convention 1954
4.4.2 The European Convention on the Protectionof the Archaeological Heritage 1969
4.4.3 The Convention for the Protection of theArchitectural Heritage of Europe 1985
4.4.4 The European Convention on Offences relating toCultural Property 1985
4.4.5 The Draft European Convention 1985
4.4.6 The European Convention on the Protection of theArchaeological Heritage 1992
4.4.7 The Council of Europe Framework ConventionOn the Value of the Cultural Heritage for Society2005
4.5 Selected international instruments relating to UCHProtection
4.5.1 HMS Spartan Agreement 1952
4.5.2 Old Dutch Shipwrecks agreement 1972
4.5.3 The Torres Strait Treaty 1978
4.5.4 HMS Birkenhead Agreement 1989
4.5.5 CSS Alabama Agreement 1989
4.5.6 M/S Estonia Agreement 1995
4.5.7 Memorandum of Understanding of the ShipwrecksHMS Erebus and HMS Terror 1997
4.5.8 Le Belle Agreement 2003
4.5.9 Titanic Agreement 2004
4.6 Conclusions CHAPTER 5 APPROACHES TO IMPROVE LEGALFRAMEWORK FOR UCH PROTECTION IN THE SCS
5.1 Applying the 2001 UNESCO Convention
5.1.1 Ways to apply the 2001 UNESCO Convention
5.1.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of becoming StatesParties to the 2001 UNESCO Convention
5.1.3 Inconsistency between the 2001 UNESCOConvention and SCS Littoral States'domestic Laws
5.2 Concluding a Regional Agreement on UCH Protectionin the SCS
5.2.1 Approaches of Concluding the Agreement
5.2.2 Leading Role of Concluding the Agreement
5.2.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Concluding theAgreement
5.2.4 Analysis of Some Provisions to be contained inthe Agreement
5.3 Conclusions CHAPTER 6CONCLUSIONS
6.1 Answers to Research Questions
6.1.1 What is the current situation of UCHin the SCS?
6.1.2 What are applicable laws to protect UCH inthe SCS?
6.1.3 How to apply the 2001 UNESCO Conventionto improve the Legal Framework for the UCHprotection in the SCS?
6.1.4 How to conclude a Regional Agreement?
6.2 Some Observations on the Improving LegalFramework for UCH protection in the SCS
6.2.1 Obstructions to conclude the agreement
6.2.2 Some Assisting Factors to success of concludinga Regional Agreement
6.3 Epilogue Bibliography ANNEXES 1. ASEAN Declaration on Cultural Heritage 2000 ANNEX 2. Sirucasa Declaration on the Submarine Cultural Heritageof the Mediterranean Sea 2001 ANNEX 3. The 2008 Code of Good Practice for the Management of theUnderwater Cultural Heritage in the Baltic Region ANNEX 4. Vientiane Declaration on Reinforcing Cultural HeritageCooperation in ASEAN 2016 Acknowledgements
本文编号：4025017
【文章页数】：342 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
THESIS ABSTRACT 内容摘要 ABBREVIATIONS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 The Purposes of the Study
1.2 Research Hypothesis and Research Questions
1.3 Scope of the Study
1.4 Research Methodologies
1.5 Original Contributions
1.6 The Structure of the Thesis CHAPTER 2 UNDERWATER CULTURAL HERITAGE (UCH)IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA (SCS)
2.1 Introduction to the South China Sea
2.1.1 Definition of the SCS
2.1.2 The Disputes in the SCS
2.1.3 Approaches to solving the disputes in the SCS
2.2 Major Underwater Archaeological Events in the SCS
2.3 Significances and Threats of UCH in the SCS
2.3.1 Significances of the UCH in the SCS
2.3.2 Threats to the UCH in the SCS
2.4 Efforts to protect UCH in the SCS
2.4.1 Association of Southeast Asian Nations
2.4.2 United Nations Educational, Scientific and CulturalOrganization
2.4.3 The International Council of Museums
2.4.4 The International Council on Monuments andSites
2.4.5 The Southeast Asian Ministers of EducationOrganization
2.5 Conclusions CHAPTER 3 APPLICABLE PRINCIPLES AND LAWSCONCERNING UCH PROTECTION IN THE SCS
3.1 Applicable International laws concerning UCHProtection in the SCS
3.1.1 Legal Regime of Maritime Zones
3.1.2 Legal Framework for UCH protection under theUnited Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
3.1.3 The Legal Framework for UCH protection under the2001 UNESCO Convention
3.2 The SCS Littoral States' Domestic Laws
3.2.1 Brunei
3.2.2 Cambodia
3.2.3 China
3.2.4 Indonesia
3.2.5 Malaysia
3.2.6 The Philippines
3.2.7 Singapore
3.2.8 Thailand
3.2.9 Vietnam
3.2.10 Inconsistency of the SCS littoral States' DomesticLaws
3.3 Conclusions CHAPTER 4 SOME PRECEDENTED STATES PRACTICESON UCH PROTECTION
4.1 The Mediterranean Sea
4.1.1 Introduction to the Mediterranean Sea
4.1.2 Situation of UCH in the Mediterranean Sea
4.1.3 UCH protection in the Mediterranean Sea
4.2 The Baltic Sea
4.2.1 Introduction to the Baltic Sea
4.2.2 Situation of UCH in the Baltic Sea
4.2.3 UCH Protection in the Baltic Sea
4.3 The Caribbean Sea
4.3.1 Introduction to the Caribbean Sea
4.3.2 Applicable International Laws on UCH Protectionin the Caribbean Sea
4.3.3 Efforts to protect UCH in the Caribbean Sea
4.4 The Council of Europe
4.4.1 The European Cultural Convention 1954
4.4.2 The European Convention on the Protectionof the Archaeological Heritage 1969
4.4.3 The Convention for the Protection of theArchitectural Heritage of Europe 1985
4.4.4 The European Convention on Offences relating toCultural Property 1985
4.4.5 The Draft European Convention 1985
4.4.6 The European Convention on the Protection of theArchaeological Heritage 1992
4.4.7 The Council of Europe Framework ConventionOn the Value of the Cultural Heritage for Society2005
4.5 Selected international instruments relating to UCHProtection
4.5.1 HMS Spartan Agreement 1952
4.5.2 Old Dutch Shipwrecks agreement 1972
4.5.3 The Torres Strait Treaty 1978
4.5.4 HMS Birkenhead Agreement 1989
4.5.5 CSS Alabama Agreement 1989
4.5.6 M/S Estonia Agreement 1995
4.5.7 Memorandum of Understanding of the ShipwrecksHMS Erebus and HMS Terror 1997
4.5.8 Le Belle Agreement 2003
4.5.9 Titanic Agreement 2004
4.6 Conclusions CHAPTER 5 APPROACHES TO IMPROVE LEGALFRAMEWORK FOR UCH PROTECTION IN THE SCS
5.1 Applying the 2001 UNESCO Convention
5.1.1 Ways to apply the 2001 UNESCO Convention
5.1.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of becoming StatesParties to the 2001 UNESCO Convention
5.1.3 Inconsistency between the 2001 UNESCOConvention and SCS Littoral States'domestic Laws
5.2 Concluding a Regional Agreement on UCH Protectionin the SCS
5.2.1 Approaches of Concluding the Agreement
5.2.2 Leading Role of Concluding the Agreement
5.2.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Concluding theAgreement
5.2.4 Analysis of Some Provisions to be contained inthe Agreement
5.3 Conclusions CHAPTER 6CONCLUSIONS
6.1 Answers to Research Questions
6.1.1 What is the current situation of UCHin the SCS?
6.1.2 What are applicable laws to protect UCH inthe SCS?
6.1.3 How to apply the 2001 UNESCO Conventionto improve the Legal Framework for the UCHprotection in the SCS?
6.1.4 How to conclude a Regional Agreement?
6.2 Some Observations on the Improving LegalFramework for UCH protection in the SCS
6.2.1 Obstructions to conclude the agreement
6.2.2 Some Assisting Factors to success of concludinga Regional Agreement
6.3 Epilogue Bibliography ANNEXES 1. ASEAN Declaration on Cultural Heritage 2000 ANNEX 2. Sirucasa Declaration on the Submarine Cultural Heritageof the Mediterranean Sea 2001 ANNEX 3. The 2008 Code of Good Practice for the Management of theUnderwater Cultural Heritage in the Baltic Region ANNEX 4. Vientiane Declaration on Reinforcing Cultural HeritageCooperation in ASEAN 2016 Acknowledgements
本文编号：4025017
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/shoufeilunwen/sklbs/4025017.html
