软质尼龙材料3D打印与软质PUA光固化材料的研究

发布时间：2018-05-03 01:10

本文选题：软质 + 3D打印　；参考：《浙江理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：3D打印多以硬质材料为主,打印件在纺织服装打样等柔软性要求较高的领域的应用范围受到限制。因此,对于软质材料适用于3D打印的研究就显得很有必要。本文首先对熔融沉积成型中软质尼龙3D打印线材的制备工艺和打印工艺进行了优化;然后对光固化成型中PUA预聚物树脂的合成工艺进行了研究;最后对光固化树脂配方进行了讨论,并对树脂的光固化特性进行了研究。首先,以软质材料PA12/3533为基材,通过双螺杆挤出机加工成3D打印线材,由桌面熔融沉积成型3D打印机进行打印,并对其线材制备工艺和打印工艺进行研究。结果表明:在PA12/3533材料达到分解温度之前,材料的加工温度范围较宽泛,较适合进行挤出和打印,并且加工温度和挤出速率对实验具有非常重要的影响。在PA12/3533软质3D打印线材的制备过程中,挤出温度较高,则线材受自重影响较大而自然垂落,无法牵伸;挤出温度较低,则熔体粘度较大,流动阻力较大,无法挤出;适当提高螺杆转速和喂料转速对于线材的稳定挤出是有利的。对于软质PA12/3533材料,较适合的3D打印线材挤出工艺参数为:四区段温度分别设置为180℃、185℃、190℃、195℃,螺杆转速35 r/min,喂料转速20 r/min。在PA12/3533软质线材的3D打印过程中,打印头速度移动不宜过快、层高不宜过高、打印温度也不宜过高,否则打印件的力学性能变差。对于PA12/3533软质打印线材,较合适的3D打印工艺参数为:打印头移动速度40 mm/s、层高为0.10 mm、打印温度200℃。在上述优化工艺的基础上,本文还探索了软质材料PA12/3533在纺织服装打样及工业生产中的应用,打印出的连衣裙和车轮模型具有良好的造型风格和柔韧性能。其次,结合分子结构设计合成了光固化树脂的重要组成部分——PUA预聚物树脂,并对其合成工艺进行了研究。结果表明:适当提高第一步反应温度和降低第二步反应温度以及适量加入催化剂和阻聚剂有利于缩短反应时间、提高反应效率、减少双键损失。本实验所合成的PUA预聚物树脂的优化工艺为:第一步反应温度65℃,反应3 h,催化剂DBTDL质量分数0.10%;第二步反应温度55℃,反应4 h,催化剂质量分数0.15%,阻聚剂HQ质量分数0.20%;此条件下合成的PUA预聚物树脂生成了聚氨酯链段结构。最后,制备了一种软质光固化PUA树脂,并研究了光引发剂种类和含量以及稀释剂种类和含量对固化件力学性能的影响。结果表明:实验制备的光固化树脂较柔软、机械性能较好;光引发剂的种类和含量对树脂的光固化速度影响较大;稀释剂的种类和含量主要影响光固化后树脂的力学性能。就本实验而言,当光引发剂TPO质量分数为3%时,光固化时间最短;当稀释剂2-EHA的质量分数为10%时,光固化树脂机械特性最好。按照此配方制备的光固化PUA树脂,经405 nm激光(功率为1 W)扫描照射后能够快速固化,且层间粘结力较佳、固化件柔软性较好,有望进一步开发成软质光固化3D打印树脂。
[Abstract]:3D printing is mainly hard materials, and the application scope of the printing parts in the textile and garment proofing is limited. Therefore, it is necessary to study the application of soft materials to 3D printing. In this paper, the preparation and printing process of soft nylon 3D printing wire in molten deposition molding are first carried out in this paper. The synthesis process of PUA prepolymer resin in light curing was studied. Finally, the formulation of light curing resin was discussed and the light curing characteristic of the resin was studied. First, the soft material PA12/3533 was used as the base material and the double screw extruder was added into 3D to print the wire, and the 3D printing was formed by the desktop melting deposition. The machine is printed, and the preparation and printing process of the wire rod are studied. The results show that the temperature range of the material is wide before the PA12/3533 material reaches the decomposition temperature, it is more suitable for extrusion and printing, and the processing temperature and the extrusion rate have a very important influence on the experiment. In the PA12/3533 soft 3D printing wire rod, the wire rod is printed. In the preparation process, the extrusion temperature is high, the wire rod is greatly influenced by the weight of self weight and can not be drafted, and the extrusion temperature is low, the melt viscosity is higher, the flow resistance is larger and the extrusion speed can not be extruded. It is favorable to improve the screw speed and feed speed for the stable extrusion of wire rod. For soft PA12/3533 material, it is more suitable for 3D printing. The extrusion parameters of wire rod are as follows: four section temperature is set at 180, 185, 190, 195, screw speed 35 r/min and feed speed 20 r/min. in 3D printing of PA12/3533 soft wire. The speed of printing head should not be too fast, the layer height should not be too high, and the printing temperature should not be too high. Otherwise, the mechanical properties of the printing parts are worse. To PA 12/3533 soft print wire is more suitable for 3D printing process parameters: the moving speed of the printing head is 40 mm/s, the height of the layer is 0.10 mm and the printing temperature is 200. On the basis of the above optimization process, the paper also explores the application of the soft material PA12/3533 in the textile and garment proofing and industrial production, the printed dress and the wheel model are good. Secondly, the PUA prepolymer resin, an important component of the light curing resin, was designed and synthesized by the molecular structure, and the synthesis process was studied. The results showed that the first step reaction temperature and second step reaction temperature were improved and the catalyst and inhibitor were added to shorten the first step reaction temperature. The reaction time, improve the reaction efficiency and reduce the loss of double bond. The optimization process of PUA prepolymer resin synthesized in this experiment is: first step reaction temperature 65 C, reaction 3 h, catalyst DBTDL mass fraction 0.10%; second step reaction temperature 55 C, reaction 4 h, catalyst mass fraction 0.15%, HQ mass fraction 0.20%; under this condition, the synthesized PUA prepolymer In the end, a soft light cured PUA resin was prepared. The effects of the type and content of the photoinitiator and the type and content of the diluent on the mechanical properties of the cured parts were studied. The results showed that the light curing resin prepared by the experiment was more soft and the mechanical properties were better; the types and content of photoinitiators were good. The light curing rate of the resin is greatly influenced; the type and content of the diluent mainly affect the mechanical properties of the resin after light curing. As to this experiment, when the mass fraction of the photoinitiator TPO is 3%, the light curing time is the shortest. When the mass fraction of the diluent 2-EHA is 10%, the mechanical properties of the light cured tree grease are the best. PUA resin can quickly solidify after 405 nm laser (power of 1 W), and the bonding force between layers is better and the softness of the solidified part is better. It is expected to be further developed into a soft light cured 3D printing resin.

【学位授予单位】：浙江理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP391.73

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