基于6LoWPAN的IPv6智慧校园物联网系统的研究与设计
发布时间：2018-09-01 15:03
【摘要】：随着我国教育体制改革的不断深入,各高校校园网络对宽带需求、多业务需求和安全问题等要求不断增高,IPv4网络的校园网已经不能适应目前校园网络的应用需求。当前,我国下一代互联网示范工程(CNGI)核心网CERNET2采用纯IPv6技术,为全国200余所高校和科研单位提供IPv6接入服务,IPv6技术及相关的设备都已趋于成熟。由此,IPv6校园网建设需引起高度重视,研究和设计基于IPv6的智慧校园网络具有十分重要的意义。IPv6智慧校园网络建设中面临着诸多挑战。首先,物联网作为IPv6智慧校园网络中的主要技术,缺乏统一的IPv6通信标准,现有的TCP/IP协议栈不能满足这一需求,需要一种新型的协议栈来解决物体之间、物体与人之间的信息交互问题。其次,物联网底层的传感器节点使用的是IEEE802.15.4协议,而IEEE802.15.4的物理层可负载使用的报文长度非常有限,想要IPv6运行在IEEE802.15.4上需要提高负载的传输效率,把报头进行压缩。最后,物联网底层网络节点相比普通网络节点通信能力较差,而类似于DHCP这样的传统地址自动配置方案在网络中的通信延迟较高且需要较高的能量和带宽消耗,因此不适合应用在物联网中,所以,需要研究适用于物联网的新的地址自动配置方案。本文就IPv6智慧校园网络建设中遇到的这三个问题,从现实角度针对这些问题,在使用6LoWPAN协议基础上,提出了一种基于三维空间的地址配置解决办法和改进的LOWPAN_IPHC报头压缩设计方案。本文的主要研究内容及研究成果包括如下几个方面:1、基于三维空间的地址配置方案。在该方案中,当6LoWPAN节点申请IPv6地址时,利用节点的三维空间坐标唯一性,将三维坐标设计成16bit短地址,再将16bit短地址映射成128bit的IPv6地址,并进行IPv6地址重复检测。此外,通过方针软件平台对三维空间地址配置方案进行方针测试,并与Strong DAD和LISAA地址配置方案进行实验对比和分析以验证本方案的有效性。2、改进的LOWPAN_IPHC报头压缩方案。该方案采用上述无状态三维空间地址配置方法前提下,只保留LoWPAN_IPHC中的无状态模式,去除了编码中CID、SAC、DAC字段,加入GL(Global/Local)地址控制字段,设计了一种传输效率更高的报头压缩方案,最后在仿真环境下,与LoWPAN_IPHC报头压缩方案进行了实验对比和分析以验证其有效性。3、基于6LoWPAN的智慧校园物联网系统仿真实现。以云南师范大学正在建设中的智慧校园网络为例,设计了基于6LoWPAN的智慧校园物联网系统。该系统在物联网感知底层采用6LoWPAN协议,采用三维空间地址配置方案组成星型网络,并使用改进的LOWPAN_IPHC报头压缩方案进行数据传输,从实际应用角度进一步验证了三维空间地址配置方案和改进的LOWPAN_IPHC报头压缩方案的可行性。在我国高校智慧校园网络建设背景下,分析了当前IPv6智慧校园发展中所遇到的问题,并从实际角度出发,提出和设计了三维空间地址配置方案和改进的LOWPAN_IPHC报头压缩方案,并将其应用于智慧校园物联网系统建设中。经过仿真实验测试,证明了本文所提出的三维空间地址配置方案和改进的LOWPAN_IPHC报头压缩方案具有一定的可行性和应用价值。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of the reform of education system in China, the demand for broadband, multi-service and security in campus network of colleges and universities is increasing. The campus network of IPv4 network can no longer meet the application demand of campus network. At present, the core network CERNET2 of China's Next Generation Internet Demonstration Project (CNGI) adopts pure IPv6 technology. More than 200 universities and research institutes across the country provide IPv6 access services. IPv6 technology and related equipment have become mature. Therefore, the construction of IPv6 campus network needs to be highly valued. It is of great significance to study and design IPv6-based smart campus network. IPv6 smart campus network construction is facing many challenges. First, the Internet of Things. As the main technology of IPv6 smart campus network, there is no unified IPv6 communication standard. The existing TCP/IP protocol stack can not meet this requirement. A new protocol stack is needed to solve the problem of information exchange between objects and between objects. Secondly, the sensor nodes in the bottom layer of the Internet of Things use IEEE 802.15.4 protocol, while IEEE 8 protocol. The physical layer of 02.15.4 has a very limited payload length. To run IPv6 on IEEE 802.15.4, it is necessary to improve the transmission efficiency of the payload and compress the header. Finally, the underlying network nodes of the Internet of Things (IOT) have a poor communication capability compared with ordinary network nodes, while traditional address auto-configuration schemes such as DHCP are used in the network. Because of the high communication delay and high energy and bandwidth consumption, it is not suitable to be used in the Internet of Things. Therefore, it is necessary to study a new automatic address configuration scheme for the Internet of Things. This paper presents an address configuration solution based on three-dimensional space and an improved LOWPAN_IPHC header compression design scheme. The main contents and research results of this paper include the following aspects: 1. Address configuration scheme based on three-dimensional space. The uniqueness of the standard is achieved by designing the three-dimensional coordinates into 16-bit short addresses, mapping the 16-bit short addresses to 128-bit IPv6 addresses, and repeatedly detecting the IPv6 addresses. The scheme only retains the stateless mode in LoWPAN_IPHC, eliminates the CID, SAC, DAC fields in the coding, and adds GL (Global/Local) address control field to design a more efficient header compression scheme. Finally, the scheme is compared and analyzed with LoWPAN_IPHC header compression scheme in simulation environment to verify its effectiveness. 3. The simulation of intelligent campus Internet of Things system based on 6LoWPAN is realized. Taking the intelligent campus network under construction of Yunnan Normal University as an example, the intelligent campus Internet of Things system based on 6LoWPAN is designed. In the bottom layer of the Internet of Things, 6 LoWPAN protocol is adopted, three-dimensional spatial address configuration scheme is adopted to form a star network, and improved LOWPAN_IPHC header compression scheme is used for data transmission. The feasibility of the three-dimensional spatial address configuration scheme and the improved LOWPAN_IPHC header compression scheme is further verified from the practical application point of view. Under the background of the construction of smart campus network in Chinese universities, this paper analyzes the problems encountered in the development of IPv6 smart campus, and puts forward and designs the three-dimensional spatial address configuration scheme and the improved LOWPAN_IPHC header compression scheme from the practical point of view, and applies it to the construction of smart campus Internet of Things system. It is proved that the proposed three-dimensional spatial address configuration scheme and the improved LOWPAN_IPHC header compression scheme have certain feasibility and application value.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN929.5;TP391.44
[Abstract]:With the deepening of the reform of education system in China, the demand for broadband, multi-service and security in campus network of colleges and universities is increasing. The campus network of IPv4 network can no longer meet the application demand of campus network. At present, the core network CERNET2 of China's Next Generation Internet Demonstration Project (CNGI) adopts pure IPv6 technology. More than 200 universities and research institutes across the country provide IPv6 access services. IPv6 technology and related equipment have become mature. Therefore, the construction of IPv6 campus network needs to be highly valued. It is of great significance to study and design IPv6-based smart campus network. IPv6 smart campus network construction is facing many challenges. First, the Internet of Things. As the main technology of IPv6 smart campus network, there is no unified IPv6 communication standard. The existing TCP/IP protocol stack can not meet this requirement. A new protocol stack is needed to solve the problem of information exchange between objects and between objects. Secondly, the sensor nodes in the bottom layer of the Internet of Things use IEEE 802.15.4 protocol, while IEEE 8 protocol. The physical layer of 02.15.4 has a very limited payload length. To run IPv6 on IEEE 802.15.4, it is necessary to improve the transmission efficiency of the payload and compress the header. Finally, the underlying network nodes of the Internet of Things (IOT) have a poor communication capability compared with ordinary network nodes, while traditional address auto-configuration schemes such as DHCP are used in the network. Because of the high communication delay and high energy and bandwidth consumption, it is not suitable to be used in the Internet of Things. Therefore, it is necessary to study a new automatic address configuration scheme for the Internet of Things. This paper presents an address configuration solution based on three-dimensional space and an improved LOWPAN_IPHC header compression design scheme. The main contents and research results of this paper include the following aspects: 1. Address configuration scheme based on three-dimensional space. The uniqueness of the standard is achieved by designing the three-dimensional coordinates into 16-bit short addresses, mapping the 16-bit short addresses to 128-bit IPv6 addresses, and repeatedly detecting the IPv6 addresses. The scheme only retains the stateless mode in LoWPAN_IPHC, eliminates the CID, SAC, DAC fields in the coding, and adds GL (Global/Local) address control field to design a more efficient header compression scheme. Finally, the scheme is compared and analyzed with LoWPAN_IPHC header compression scheme in simulation environment to verify its effectiveness. 3. The simulation of intelligent campus Internet of Things system based on 6LoWPAN is realized. Taking the intelligent campus network under construction of Yunnan Normal University as an example, the intelligent campus Internet of Things system based on 6LoWPAN is designed. In the bottom layer of the Internet of Things, 6 LoWPAN protocol is adopted, three-dimensional spatial address configuration scheme is adopted to form a star network, and improved LOWPAN_IPHC header compression scheme is used for data transmission. The feasibility of the three-dimensional spatial address configuration scheme and the improved LOWPAN_IPHC header compression scheme is further verified from the practical application point of view. Under the background of the construction of smart campus network in Chinese universities, this paper analyzes the problems encountered in the development of IPv6 smart campus, and puts forward and designs the three-dimensional spatial address configuration scheme and the improved LOWPAN_IPHC header compression scheme from the practical point of view, and applies it to the construction of smart campus Internet of Things system. It is proved that the proposed three-dimensional spatial address configuration scheme and the improved LOWPAN_IPHC header compression scheme have certain feasibility and application value.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN929.5;TP391.44
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