不同砧木对葡萄果实品质的影响及机理初探

发布时间：2018-04-06 03:33

本文选题：葡萄　切入点：砧木　出处：《山东农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本试验对3个鲜食葡萄品种、6种砧木、总计15个嫁接组合进行了果实品质评价,筛选出了品种特异的最佳砧穗组合。为探明葡萄砧木对果实品质的影响机理,以金手指、金手指/3309C和金手指/101-14M为试材,利用组学手段分析了砧木对果实基因和蛋白质表达的影响,并系统地研究了砧木对葡萄幼苗生长发育及碳氮营养的影响,丰富了砧木调控果实品质的机制。主要研究结果如下:1.金手指葡萄以101-14M为砧木果实性状表现最好,基本保持了糖酸、香气物质和氨基酸含量,并且其穗重和果皮白藜芦醇含量得到显著提高。夏黑葡萄几个砧穗组合中,夏黑/贝达在果粒大小、着色、香气含量上表现优良,糖酸和氨基酸含量和对照(自根苗)近似。几种砧木均对藤稔葡萄的果实糖含量和着色产生了不利影响;相比而言,101-14M在穗重和粒重上表现出色,可溶性糖积累稍差于对照,并且未对香气产生不利影响。因此,就砧木对葡萄品质的影响而言,适合金手指和藤稔的砧木为101-14M,适合夏黑的砧木为贝达。2.SO4对金手指、夏黑和藤稔葡萄的果实性状均造成了不良影响,显著降低了果实固酸比TSS/TA,降幅分别为23.5%、26.7%和55.4%,对香气和氨基酸含量也造成了不利影响;相比之下,该砧木有利于果实穗重和粒重的增加。5BB降低了金手指葡萄的氨基酸含量;降低了夏黑葡萄的可溶性糖和花色苷含量。3309C降低了金手指葡萄果实可溶性固形物、酯类香气和果皮白藜芦醇含量;110R降低了藤稔葡萄果实可溶性糖含量,但产生了较多的香气物质。综上所述,SO4、5BB和3309C总体上对果实品质产生了不利影响。3.通过RNA-Seq及生物信息学分析,共鉴定到259个差异基因在金手指果实成熟时显著受砧木3309C或101-14M的影响,其中152个为共差异基因。GO富集分析发现在刺激响应、多生物体过程、免疫系统过程和转录因子活性类别中富集性较好,KEGG分析发现差异基因主要参与了碳水化合物代谢、氨基酸代谢和香气代谢等途径。4.通过Label-free蛋白组学分析,在转色期金手指葡萄果实中共鉴定到3197个蛋白质,其中929个蛋白质受3309C和101-14M共同调控,745个蛋白质仅受3309C调控,494个蛋白质仅受101-14M调控。通过GO富集分析发现,两种砧木诱导的差异蛋白都可以富集到细胞过程、代谢过程和定位系统建立等二级条目上,己糖代谢、葡萄糖代谢和单糖代谢等在生物过程中富集性最好。经过比对KEGG数据库,较多蛋白匹配到碳水化合物代谢和氨基酸代谢途径上。5.3309C和101-14M引起了成熟期果实转录组的(成熟期)和蛋白组(转色期)的广泛变化,以负调控为主,两砧木处理之间差异相对较小。6.3309C和101-14M影响了金手指葡萄的碳氮营养特性,提高了根系对氮的吸收能力和叶片对碳的固定能力,提高了植株整体的C:N和干物质比例。碳氮示踪试验表明嫁接促进了碳氮营养在植物体内的极性运输。
[Abstract]:A total of 15 grafted combinations were used to evaluate the fruit quality of 3 fresh grape varieties and 6 rootstocks, and the best variety specific rootstock combinations were selected.In order to investigate the effect of grape rootstocks on fruit quality, the effects of rootstocks on the expression of genes and proteins were studied by means of group analysis with Golden finger, Golden finger / 3309C and Golden finger / / 101-14M as materials.The effects of rootstocks on the growth and development of grape seedlings and carbon and nitrogen nutrition were studied systematically, which enriched the mechanism of rootstock regulating fruit quality.The main results are as follows: 1.101-14M as the rootstock had the best fruit characters, which kept the contents of sugar and acid, aroma substance and amino acid, and the ear weight and resveratrol content of peel were significantly increased.In several rootstocks of summer black grape, summer black / Beida showed excellent fruit size, color and aroma content, and the content of sugar, acid and amino acid was similar to that of control (self-rooted seedling).Several rootstocks had a negative effect on sugar content and color of Fujiminori grape fruit, compared with 101-14M in ear weight and grain weight, soluble sugar accumulation was slightly worse than that of control, and had no adverse effect on aroma.Therefore, in terms of the effect of rootstock on grape quality, the rootstocks suitable for Golden finger and Fujimori were 101-14m, and the rootstocks suitable for summer black were Beida .2.SO4, which had a negative effect on the fruit characters of Golden finger, Summer Black and Fujiminori Grape.The ratio of solid to acid was significantly decreased by 23.526.7% and 55.4kT, respectively, which had a negative effect on aroma and amino acid content, in contrast, the rootstock was beneficial to the increase of panicle weight and grain weight. 5BB decreased the amino acid content of Grape.The content of soluble sugar and anthocyanin. 3309C decreased the content of soluble solids, ester aroma and resveratrol content of fruit.However, more aroma substances were produced.To sum up, so _ 4 ~ (4) B _ (5BB) and ~ (3309C) had a negative effect on fruit quality.By RNA-Seq and bioinformatics analysis, a total of 259 differentially expressed genes were identified to be significantly affected by rootstocks (3309C or 101-14M) during fruit ripening. 152 of them were co-differential genes.KEGG analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism and aroma metabolism.A total of 3197 proteins were identified by Label-free proteomics analysis, of which 929 proteins were regulated by 3309C and 101-14M, only 494 proteins were regulated by 101-14M and 3309C.Through go enrichment analysis, it was found that the differential proteins induced by the two rootstocks could be enriched into the secondary items, such as cell process, metabolic process and location system establishment, and hexose metabolism.Glucose metabolism and monosaccharide metabolism have the best enrichment in biological processes.Compared with KEGG database, more proteins were matched to carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism pathway. 5.3309C and 101-14M resulted in extensive changes of transcriptional group (maturation) and proteome (transcoloration phase) in mature fruit, mainly in negative regulation.The difference between the two rootstocks was relatively small. 6.3309C and 101-14M affected the carbon and nitrogen nutrient characteristics of Grape, improved the nitrogen absorption ability of roots and the carbon fixation ability of leaves, and increased the C: n and dry matter ratio of the whole plant.Carbon and nitrogen tracer test showed that grafting promoted the polar transport of carbon and nitrogen nutrition in plants.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S663.1

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