不同钵盘及穴距对水稻生理特性及产量的影响

发布时间：2018-04-08 10:24

  本文选题：水稻　切入点：育苗盘　出处：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：试验于2016在沈阳农业大学以常规稻品种沈稻47、沈稻505和杂交稻品种粳优586为试材,设置W1:常规软盘育苗(移栽密度30 cm×20 cm)、W2:434孔钵盘育苗(移栽密度30cm×20cm)、W3:288孔钵盘育苗(移栽密度30cm×30cm)和W4:128孔钵盘育苗(移栽密度30 cm×60 cm)4种育苗移栽组合处理,研究不同钵盘和插秧穴距对水稻秧苗素质、群体建成、光合特性和产量形成的影响,初步确立育苗钵盘规格与插秧穴距的高产组合。主要结果如下:1.秧苗素质方面,同一育苗方式不同品种间秧苗素质差异不显著,同一水稻品种不同育苗方式间差异显著,所有参试材料根长、百苗地下干重以及根冠比均表现W4W3W2W1,其中,W4和W3的秧苗根长、百苗地下干重和根冠比显著或极显著高于W2和W1。因此,在育苗时使用W4能有效降低秧苗株高,促进秧苗矮壮、根系发达,有效提高植株在苗期的抗逆性。2.群体建成方面,不同水稻品种的茎蘖数均表现W4W3W2W1。利用钵盘育苗秧苗返青快,分蘖发生早,高峰苗(拔节期前后)群体大,保证了单位面积有效穗数。同一品种不同育苗方式移栽的水稻叶片和茎鞘的表观转运量都存在W4W3W2W1,说明水稻地上部干物质转运量跟育苗方式和移栽穴距之间存在着较大的联系,穴距越大,各器官干物质转运量越大。3.光合特性方面,利用W4育苗的水稻叶绿素含量极显著高于其他育苗方式,印证了大孔钵盘育苗时秧苗素质好,移栽后返青快,能充分发挥其群体调节能力的特点。杂交稻品种粳优586在各个时期的叶面积要显著高于两个常规稻品种;对于同一品种的水稻来说,随着钵盘孔数的减少,移栽密度的增大,单叶面积也在不断增大。对于3个水稻品种来说,W4育苗处理底层光强和顶层光强差距最小,冠层辐射传输率最大,说明其群体的光能利用率最高,杂交稻品种粳优586品种在W4育苗和W3育苗移栽时水稻底层光照与其他2种育苗方式相比差异达到了极显著水平。沈稻47和粳优586的气孔导度都随着钵盘孔数的降低逐渐增大,胞间CO2浓度相应降低,蒸腾速率和净光合速率都随着孔数的降低逐渐增大,这也意味着利用钵盘育苗时,钵盘孔越大相应插秧的穴距越大,光合作用越强。4.群体产量和农艺性状方面,杂交稻品种粳优586的穗长要显著长于常规稻品种沈稻47和沈稻505。同一品种穗长在不同处理下的表现呈现W1W4W2W3,有效穗数同一品种不同处理之间差异性极显著,育苗孔数越少,移栽穴距越大,单位面积穴数越少,导致单位面积穗数低于W1,4个育苗移栽处理下的水稻千粒重呈现W3W1W2W4,这说明在行距一定的情况下,增加密度可能会因增强灌浆期植株个体间的营养竞争而导致籽粒变小、千粒重下降。杂交稻品种粳优586的产量极显著高于2个常规稻品种;对于常规稻品种来说,W3处理的水稻实际产量要高于其他处理,常规稻品种沈稻47和沈稻505在W3处理下产量比W1有一定程度的提高。
[Abstract]:The experiment was conducted in Shenyang Agricultural University in 2016, with the conventional rice varieties Shendao 47, Shendao 505 and hybrid rice variety Jingyou 586 as the test materials.The effects of different pot plates and hole spacing on seedling quality, population formation, photosynthetic characteristics and yield formation of rice seedlings were studied.The main results are as follows: 1.In the aspect of seedling quality, there was no significant difference in seedling quality among different varieties in the same seedling rearing mode, but there was significant difference among different seedling rearing methods in the same rice variety, and the root length of all the tested materials was long.The root length, underground dry weight and root shoot ratio of W4W3W2W1 were significantly or extremely higher than those of W2 and W1, and the root length, underground dry weight and root-shoot ratio of W4 and W3 were significantly higher than those of W2 and W1.Therefore, the use of W4 in seedling breeding can effectively reduce the height of seedling, promote the seedling to be short and strong, develop the root system, and effectively improve the stress resistance of the plant at seedling stage.In terms of population formation, the number of tillers in different rice varieties showed W4W3W2W1.Using the pot dish to raise seedlings quickly, tiller occurred early, the peak seedling (before and after jointing stage) population was large, which ensured the effective panicle number per unit area.The apparent transport of W4W3W2W1 in the leaves and stems and sheaths of the same cultivar with different seedling rearing methods showed that there was a great relationship between the dry matter transport in the aboveground part of rice and the seedling rearing mode and the distance of the transplanting hole, and the bigger the hole distance was, the more the difference was between the dry matter transport in the aboveground part and the length of the transplanting hole.The larger the dry matter transport of each organ.In terms of photosynthetic characteristics, the chlorophyll content of rice raised by W4 was significantly higher than that of other breeding methods, which proved that the quality of seedling was good and the seedling turned green quickly after transplanting, which could give full play to the ability of population regulation.The leaf area of hybrid rice Japonica 586 was significantly higher than that of two conventional rice varieties at each stage, and the single leaf area was increasing with the decrease of bowl hole number and the increase of transplanting density.For the three rice varieties, the difference between the light intensity of the bottom layer and the top layer was the smallest, and the radiation transfer rate of the canopy was the largest, which indicated that the light energy utilization rate of the population was the highest.The stomatal conductance of Shendao 47 and Jingyou 586 increased with the decrease of the number of holes in the bowl, the concentration of intercellular CO2 decreased, and the transpiration rate and net photosynthetic rate increased with the decrease of the number of holes.The larger the hole in the bowl, the larger the hole spacing, the stronger the photosynthesis. 4.In terms of population yield and agronomic characters, the panicle length of hybrid rice variety Jingyou 586 was significantly longer than that of the conventional rice varieties Shendao-47 and Shen-rice-505.Under different treatments, the panicle length of the same variety showed W1W4W2W3, and the number of effective panicles varied significantly between different treatments. The fewer the number of holes in seedling raising, the larger the hole distance of transplanting, the less the number of holes per unit area.As a result, the panicle number per unit area was lower than that of W1, and the 1000-grain weight of rice treated with 4 transplanting treatments was W3W1W2W4, which indicated that under certain row spacing, the increase of density might lead to the decrease of grain size due to the enhancement of nutritional competition among individuals at grain filling stage.The weight of a thousand seeds drops.The yield of hybrid rice Japonica 586 was significantly higher than that of two conventional rice varieties, and the actual yield of rice treated with W3 was higher than that of other treatments.Under the treatment of W3, the yield of the conventional rice varieties Shendao 47 and Shendao 505 was higher than that of W1 to some extent.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S511
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本文编号：1721194