韩墩引黄灌区管道输水灌溉技术与适宜控制规模

发布时间：2018-04-09 11:40

本文选题：韩墩引黄灌区　切入点：管道输水灌溉　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：引黄灌区承担着黄河沿岸地区生产和生活用水的重大任务,成为当地经济发展的生命线。随着社会经济的快速发展,工业、生活、生态需水量大幅增加,黄河水资源供不应求,供水安全和粮食安全已经成为当地经济发展面临的重大问题,农业作为用水大户,发展节水灌溉迫在眉睫。管道输水灌溉以其节水、节地、省劳、增产和投资少、见效快、运行管理方便等优点,开始在引黄灌区大规模的应用和推广,深受农民群众的欢迎,被亲切的称为"田间自来水"工程。引黄灌区管道输水灌溉不同于传统的井灌区,具有灌溉系统控制面积大、管网复杂、流量大、含沙量高的特殊性,在技术推广应用中出现了诸如复杂管网水力计算、管道淤积堵塞、控制规模偏大、灌溉效率偏低等问题,影响了管道输水灌溉工程的效益发挥。本文对韩墩引黄灌区管道输水灌溉工程的发展现状和存在问题进行了深入的分析,结合引黄灌区管道灌溉的技术特点,进行了引黄灌区低压管道输水灌溉技术体系集成,推荐了引黄灌区管道工程规划设计中适宜的临界不淤流速经验公式,构建了引黄灌区管道灌溉适宜规模优化模型,并运用工程实例确定了泵站提水管道输水灌溉工程的适宜控制面积。(1)总结归纳了韩墩引黄灌区管道输水灌溉工程技术的发展动态和现状,包括管道系统的取水工程、输配水管网系统、附属控制装置和田间灌溉配套技术等,形成了一套包括水源、管网、田间工程等配套的引黄灌区管道灌溉工程技术体系。(2)根据韩墩引黄灌区水源泥沙含量和物理特性等参数,比选了国内外比较有代表性的不淤流速经验公式,推荐张英普经验公式指导管道灌溉中的不淤流速和管径设计。分析了引黄灌区输水管道泥沙淤积的形成原因和表现形式,提出了沉沙控引、合理设计管径、灌溉后排空管道水沙和管网布置等工程措施和非工程措施,解决引黄灌区管道灌溉工程的泥沙淤堵难题。(3)构建管道输水灌溉工程投资建设、运行和效益经济函数,建立了以管道不淤流速、管道压力、管道布置形式等因素为约束条件,以使用年内年净现值最大为目标的优化模型。通过韩墩引黄灌区管道灌溉工程实例,对模型涉及的灌溉面积、灌溉用水量、管道流速、管道压力、管道经济参数等进行率定的基础上,采用遗传算法优化确定了韩墩引黄灌区管道灌溉工程适宜控制规模为3000～5000亩(以村为单位),可以保证管道工程发挥出最大效益。
[Abstract]:The Yellow River Irrigation area is the lifeline of the local economic development, which undertakes the important task of production and domestic water use in the Yellow River coastal area.With the rapid development of social economy, industry, daily life and ecological water demand have increased substantially, and the water supply of the Yellow River has outstripped supply. Water supply security and food security have become the major problems facing the local economic development, and agriculture is a large water user.It is urgent to develop water-saving irrigation.Due to its advantages of saving water, saving land, saving labor, increasing production and investment, achieving quick results, and convenient operation and management, pipeline irrigation began to be applied and popularized on a large scale in irrigated areas of the Yellow River diversion, and was welcomed by the peasants.Is affectionately called "field tap water" project.The pipeline irrigation in Yellow River Irrigation area is different from the traditional well irrigation area. It has the particularity of large control area of irrigation system, complex pipe network, large discharge and high sediment content.The problems of blockage, large control scale and low irrigation efficiency affect the benefit of pipeline irrigation project.In this paper, the development status and existing problems of pipeline irrigation project in Handun Yellow River diversion Irrigation District are analyzed in depth. Combining with the technical characteristics of pipeline irrigation in Yellow River diversion Irrigation District, the technical system of low-pressure pipeline water conveyance irrigation in Yellow River diversion Irrigation area is integrated.The empirical formula of critical non-silt velocity in the planning and design of pipeline engineering in Yellow River diversion Irrigation area is recommended, and the optimal model of the appropriate scale of pipe irrigation in Yellow River Irrigation area is constructed.The suitable control area of pumping station water conveyance pipeline irrigation project is determined by using engineering examples. The development trend and present situation of pipeline water conveyance irrigation engineering technology in Handun Yellow River diversion irrigation area are summarized, including the water intake project of pipeline system.Water transmission and distribution network systems, ancillary control devices and field irrigation supporting technologies have formed a set of water sources, pipe networks,According to the parameters such as sediment content and physical characteristics of water source in Handun Yellow River diversion Irrigation area, the representative empirical formula of non-silt velocity at home and abroad is chosen.Zhang Yingpu's empirical formula is recommended to guide the design of non-silt velocity and diameter in pipe irrigation.This paper analyzes on the formation reasons and forms of sediment deposition in the water conveyance pipeline of the Yellow River diversion irrigation area, and puts forward some engineering and non-engineering measures, such as sediment sinking control, reasonable design of pipe diameter, drainage of water and sediment after irrigation and arrangement of pipe network, etc.To solve the silt blockage problem of pipeline irrigation project in the Yellow River Irrigation area. (3) to construct the investment construction, operation and economic benefit function of pipeline water conveyance irrigation project, and to set up the restrictive conditions of pipeline non-silt velocity, pipeline pressure, pipeline layout form and so on.An optimization model aimed at using the maximum annual net present value (NPV) of the year.Based on the example of pipeline irrigation project in Handun Yellow River Irrigation area, the rate of irrigation area, irrigation water consumption, pipeline velocity, pipeline pressure and economic parameters of pipeline are determined.The optimal control scale of pipeline irrigation project in Handun Yellow River diversion Irrigation District is determined by genetic algorithm (GA). The optimal control scale of pipeline irrigation project is 3000 mu (taking village as unit), which can ensure the maximum benefit of pipeline project.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S274

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