苎麻饲用核心种质构建及其优异种质资源筛选

发布时间：2018-04-13 03:27

本文选题：苎麻饲用 + 核心种质　；参考：《湖南农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：苎麻是荨麻科苎麻属多年生植物,是我国仅次于棉花的优质精纺植物纤维原料作物,苎麻也是饲喂猪、羊、牛等家畜的优质饲料作物之一。因其产量高、粗蛋白质含量高等优势日渐凸显,苎麻饲用的前景越发宽广。近年来,一些饲用苎麻品种受到许多饲料企业、养殖户的青睐,生产上对苎麻饲用优良品种的需求在增加。因此,苎麻饲用种质资源及其种质创新工作亟待加强。本研究以628份苎麻种质资源为依托,结合多个质量性状和数量性状,采用分层取样、优先取样和多次聚类分析等方法,构建了苎麻饲用的初级核心种质资源库,并进行了分子多态性标记聚类分析,同时还鉴定、评价以及筛选了饲用性状优异的苎麻种质资源,主要研究内容和结论如下：1.从湖南农业大学苎麻资源圃保存的经初步筛选的适合饲用的628份苎麻种质资源中,根据亲缘关系、质量性状和数量性状进行了分层取样、优先取样和多次聚类分析的方法,构建了203份初选苎麻饲用核心种质,其质量性状表现型保留比率均值为0.941、数量性状均值差异百分率为6.345%、数量性状方差差异百分率为91.45%、数量性状极差符合率为88.09%、数量性状变异系数变化率为107.05%等指标的分析,可得出结论,该初选的苎麻饲用核心种质可以较好地代表苎麻饲用种质资源的遗传多样性。2.利用EST-SSR分子标记手段,对203份初选核心种质进行了分子多态性标记,从分子生物学的角度分析了203份核心种质的多态性差异,并通过NTsys 2.1软件进行了多态性聚类分析,聚类分析结果表明,在相似系数平均值0.717处,可将203份资源分为12类。通过与初选核心种质的综合农艺性状聚类分析结果对比可知,两者存在相似性,但差异性也明显。3.对203份苎麻饲用种质资源的典型农艺性状以及粗蛋白质含量进行了鉴定和评价。结果表明,该203份种质资源耐旱性和抗花叶病能力强,8个农艺性状之间存在着不同的相关性；筛选出高产种质资源(单蔸产量1250 g/蔸)31份,优质种质资源(粗蛋白质25%)32份,高产优质的苎麻饲用种质资源9份,分别为湘潭青皮家麻、浏阳青叶麻、南县苎麻、永川青皮、巫山线麻、四川0号、玉山麻、绥宁青麻以及邵阳青皮麻。
[Abstract]:Ramie is a perennial plant of Ramie genus in Urticaceae. Ramie is one of the high quality feedstuff crops for domestic animals such as pigs, sheep and cattle, which is second only to cotton.Because of its high yield, high crude protein content and other advantages, Ramie fodder prospects are more broad.In recent years, some fodder Ramie varieties have been favored by many feed enterprises and farmers, and the demand for Ramie forage fine varieties is increasing in production.Therefore, the germplasm resources and germplasm innovation of Ramie should be strengthened.Based on 628 Ramie germplasm resources, the primary core resources bank of Ramie forage was constructed by means of stratified sampling, priority sampling and multiple cluster analysis.Cluster analysis of molecular polymorphism markers and identification, evaluation and screening of Ramie germplasm resources with excellent forage traits were also carried out. The main contents and conclusions were as follows: 1.The stratified sampling, preferential sampling and multiple cluster analysis were carried out from 628 Ramie germplasm resources stored in Ramie resource nursery of Hunan Agricultural University according to their genetic relationship, quality and quantitative characters.203 primary Ramie forage core collections were constructed.The average phenotype retention ratio of quality traits was 0.941, the average percentage of difference of quantitative traits was 6.345, the percentage of variance of quantitative traits was 91.45, the coincidence rate of quantitative traits was 88.09, and the variation rate of coefficient of variation of quantitative traits was 107.05%.It is concluded that the primary core collection of Ramie forage can represent the genetic diversity of Ramie forage germplasm.EST-SSR molecular markers were used to analyze the polymorphism of 203 primary core collections. The polymorphism differences of 203 core collections were analyzed from the point of view of molecular biology, and the polymorphism cluster analysis was carried out by NTsys 2.1 software.The results of cluster analysis showed that at the average similarity coefficient of 0.717, 203 resources could be classified into 12 categories.By comparing with the cluster analysis of comprehensive agronomic characters of the primary core collection, we can see that there is similarity between them, but the difference is also obvious. 3.The typical agronomic characters and crude protein content of 203 Ramie forage germplasm resources were identified and evaluated.The results showed that the germplasm resources had strong drought resistance and resistance to mosaic disease, and there were different correlations among 8 agronomic characters, and the high yield germplasm resources (single hill yield 1250 g / hill 31, high quality germplasm resources 25%) were selected.The forage germplasm resources of Ramie with high yield and good quality were Xiangtan Qingpi, Liuyang, Nanxian, Yongchuan, Wushan, Sichuan No. 0, Yushan, Suining and Shaoyang, respectively.
【学位授予单位】：湖南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S54

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