滚筒式花生脱壳机脱壳部件优化设计

发布时间：2018-04-13 19:44

本文选题：花生 + 脱壳部件　；参考：《吉林农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：针对目前花生脱壳机的现状和发展趋势以及存在的问题,本论文选择两个品种的花生作为试验材料,进行了花生荚果及花生仁的物理特性测量、力学特性测试及脱壳试验,并对花生仁的破损率、花生脱壳机的脱净率进行了分析。花生荚果及花生仁物理特性测量主要是测量花生荚果及花生仁的三轴尺寸,得到四粒红花生与白沙花生三轴尺寸的主要集中范围,确定了花生脱壳机击打部件-凹板筛间距分别为12mm和17mm左右,凹板筛间隙为9mm和11mm左右;含水率测量结果表明当调湿比例增加到100:25时达到饱和;百粒重及壳厚的测量得到白沙花生荚果及花生仁均大于四粒红花生;白沙花生的花生壳及花生仁的弹性模量均大于四粒红花生;花生仁的弹性模量均小于花生壳。花生荚果及花生仁力学特性试验主要是静态压缩试验、剪切试验、冲击试验。结果得到:三种放置方式下,花生荚果破裂力及花生仁破损力侧放最大、正放次之、立放最小;随着调湿比例的增加,花生荚果的剪切强度先减小后增大;随着花生荚果的厚度和宽度的增加,其剪切强度呈增大趋势;花生荚果正放时的剪切强度比其侧放时要小;正放时,两个品种花生荚果的剪切强度没有很大差别,侧放时,四粒红剪切强度略大于白沙花生,但并不明显;花生荚果的冲击强度先减小后增大;随着花生荚果宽度和厚度的增加花生荚果所能承受的冲击强度呈增大的趋势;两品种的花生荚果正向冲击强度均小于侧向冲击强度。设计5种击打部件:光滑式铁质击打部件、光滑式橡胶击打部件、光滑式尼龙击打部件、凹槽式尼龙击打部件d=20mm和d=30mm;由单因素试验得到,光滑式橡胶击打部件、凹槽式尼龙击打部件d=20mm和d=30mm三种击打部件脱壳效果最佳;转速在368r/min时破损率最大,在352r/min脱净率最好,故花生脱壳机转速应选在350r/min左右。用Design-expert设计试验方案,结果得到:四粒红和白沙花生仁破损率及花生脱壳机脱净率最优组合为凹槽式尼龙击打部件(d=30mm)、转速分别为351.59r/min和345r/min,凹板筛-击打部件间距分别为11mm和16.5mm,凹板筛间隙分别为8mm和11.75mm,此时花生仁的破损率分别为1.19%和1.01%,花生脱壳机的脱净率为99.07%和99.13%。
[Abstract]:In view of the present situation, development trend and existing problems of peanut sheller, this paper selected two varieties of peanut as experimental materials to measure the physical properties, mechanical properties and dehulling of peanut pods and peanut kernels.The breakage rate of peanut kernel and the removal rate of peanut sheller were analyzed.The measurement of physical properties of peanut pod and peanut kernel is mainly to measure the triaxial size of peanut pod and peanut kernel, and the main concentration range of triaxial size of four red peanut and white sand peanut is obtained.The spacing between the hitting parts and the plate sieve of the peanut sheller is determined to be about 12mm and 17mm respectively, and the gap between the concave plate and screen is about 9mm and 11mm, and the moisture content measurement results show that the moisture content reaches saturation when the moisture adjusting ratio increases to 100: 25.The measurement of 100 kernel weight and shell thickness showed that the elastic modulus of white sand peanut pod and peanut kernel were higher than that of four red peanut, the elastic modulus of white sand peanut shell and peanut kernel were higher than that of four red peanut, and the elastic modulus of peanut kernel were lower than peanut shell.The mechanical properties of peanut pod and peanut are mainly static compression test, shear test and impact test.The results showed that the rupture force of peanut pod and the breaking force of peanut kernel were the largest, the second and the lowest, and the shearing strength of peanut pod decreased first and then increased with the increase of humidification ratio.With the increase of the thickness and width of peanut pods, the shear strength of peanut pods increased; the shearing strength of peanut pods was smaller when it was in the right position than when the pods were on the side, and the shearing strength of the two varieties of peanut pods had no great difference when the pods were placed on the side.The shear strength of four red grains was slightly higher than that of white sand peanut, but not obvious. The impact strength of peanut pod decreased first and then increased, and the impact strength of peanut pod increased with the increase of peanut pod width and thickness.The positive impact strength of peanut pods of both cultivars was lower than that of lateral impact.Five kinds of batting parts are designed: smooth iron batting parts, smooth rubber batting parts, smooth nylon batting parts, d=20mm and dan30mm groove type nylon batting parts, which are obtained from single factor test, smooth rubber batting parts,The three kinds of impact parts, d=20mm and d=30mm, had the best shelled effect, and the breakage rate was the largest in 368r/min and the best in 352r/min, so the rotation speed of peanut sheller should be chosen at 350r/min or so.Design the test scheme with Design-expert,The results showed that the optimum combination of the breakage rate of four red and white sand peanut kernel and the depuration rate of peanut sheller was as follows: the groove type nylon impact part was 30 mm / m, the rotational speed was 351.59r/min and 345r / min, the spacing between the crimping and hitting parts was 11mm and 16.5 mm, respectively, and the gap between the concave plate screen and the punching part was 16.5 mm.The damage rate of peanut kernel was 1.19% and 1.01%, respectively, and that of peanut sheller was 99.07% and 99.13%, respectively.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S226.4

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