不同根构型烤烟对氮素、钾素吸收与利用的研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 02:30

本文选题：烤烟品种 + 根构型　；参考：《湖南农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本研究通过采用砂培试验对不同烤烟品种的根构型、叶片中钾素和氮素的含量进行研究,为选择合适的烤烟品种根构型,提高烟株根系对钾素、氮素的吸收率,保障栽培过程中肥料的高效利用及优质烟叶的稳定生产提供重要的理论实践依据。本研究主要有以下结果：1、盆栽试验(移栽后100天)结果表明,五个烤烟品种K326、云烟87、红花大金元、中烟100、G80中,根构型参数和烟叶干物质量最大的均为K326,与其他四个处理差异显著,其烟叶干物质量达到45.26g；根构型参数和烟叶干物质量最小的均为G80,其烟叶干物质量仅为33.77g。2、根构型差异最大的两个品种K326和G80,K326各部位烟叶含钾量符合国际标准均达到2.0%以上,与其他四个品种差异显著,而G80仅中部叶烟叶含量达到2.59%达到国际标准；K326和G80各部位烟叶含氮量从上部叶至下部叶呈逐渐递减的趋势。3、对根系差异最大的两个烤烟品种进行不定根的诱导,K326和G80进行不定根诱导之后,各部位烟叶含氮量、含钾量及干物质量均大于未经诱导不定根处理。而不同品种相同处理间,K326烟叶各部位指标均高于G80处理。4、苗期G80根系根构型大于K326根构型,随着烟株的生长,根系根构型不断变化,各参数不断变大。同时在正常施肥的处理情况下,随着烟株的生长发育K326根构型参数逐渐大于G80根构型各参数,与苗期呈相反的状况。5、两个品种在不同的施肥处理下,对比烟株在正常施肥的状况下,各品种根构型明显均大于只施加蒸馏水处理。在缺失各营养元素的情况下烟株根系生长受到抑制,且在缺氮的状况下,烟株根系根构型明显小于缺钾的状况。综上所述：五个品种中根构型差异最大的品种为K326和G80,同时在成熟期各根构型参数最大的烤烟品种K326,其烟叶含氮量、含钾量及干物质量的积累均达到国际标准,烟叶品质量较好。而各根构型参数最小的烤烟品种G80,其烟叶含氮量、含钾量相对较差,同时其烟叶干物质量的积累相对较小。不同烤烟品种分别进行不定根的诱导后,对于烟株养分的吸收及干物质量的积累均具有显著的促进作用。施肥因素是对烟叶干物质量、烟叶中含氮量和含钾量的积累影响最大的因素,其次为根构型和施肥因素的共同影响。在施加蒸馏水和缺氮的状况下,K326根系生长受到抑制,其干物质的积累量、烟叶含氮量、含钾量均小于G80。在缺钾的状况下,K326根系的生长虽然受到抑制,但是仍得到较强的生长,其根构型大于G80缺钾处理。同时缺钾处理烟叶干物质的积累量、烟叶含氮量、含钾量均大于G80,同施加全素营养液处理的变化趋势相同。
[Abstract]:In this study, the root configuration, potassium and nitrogen content in leaves of different flue-cured tobacco varieties were studied by sand culture experiment. In order to select suitable root configuration of flue-cured tobacco varieties and improve the absorption rate of potassium and nitrogen from roots of tobacco plants,To ensure the efficient use of fertilizer and the stable production of high quality tobacco leaf during cultivation, the important theoretical and practical basis is provided.The main results of this study were as follows: 1, pot experiment (100 days after transplanting). The results showed that five flue-cured tobacco varieties K326, Yunyan 87, Honghua Dajinyuan, Zhongyan 100 G80,The maximum root configuration parameters and dry weight of tobacco leaves were K326, which were significantly different from the other four treatments.The dry weight of tobacco leaf was 45.26g.The root configuration parameter and dry weight of tobacco leaf were the lowest, and the dry weight of tobacco leaf was only 33.77g. 2. The potassium content of the two varieties K326 and G80K326, which had the biggest difference in root configuration, met the international standard of more than 2.0%.There was a significant difference from the other four varieties.However, the content of nitrogen in the middle leaves of G80 only reached 2.59% of the international standard. The nitrogen content of tobacco leaves in different parts of G80 decreased gradually from the upper leaf to the lower leaf. The two flue-cured tobacco varieties with the biggest difference in root system were induced by adventitious roots.After adventitious root induction with G80,The contents of nitrogen, potassium and dry matter in tobacco leaves were higher than those in uninduced adventitious roots.The root structure of G80 was higher than that of K326 at seedling stage, and the root configuration of G80 was larger than that of K326 at seedling stage.At the same time, under the condition of normal fertilization, with the growth and development of tobacco plant K326, the configuration parameters of K326 were gradually larger than those of G80, which was opposite to the seedling stage. The two varieties were treated with different fertilization treatments.Compared with normal fertilization, the root configuration of each variety was obviously larger than that of distilled water treatment.The root growth of tobacco plant was inhibited under the condition of lacking all nutrient elements, and the root configuration of tobacco plant was obviously smaller than that of potassium deficiency under the condition of nitrogen deficiency.To sum up: K326 and G80 were the most different in root configuration among the five varieties, and K326, the flue-cured tobacco variety with the largest root configuration parameters at maturity stage, had the highest nitrogen content, potassium content and dry matter mass accumulation in tobacco leaves up to the international standard.The quality of tobacco products is better.However, the leaf nitrogen content and potassium content of flue-cured tobacco variety G80 with the smallest root configuration parameters were relatively poor, and the dry matter accumulation of tobacco leaf was relatively small.The induction of adventitious roots by different flue-cured tobacco varieties had a significant promoting effect on nutrient absorption and dry matter accumulation of tobacco plants.Fertilization was the most important factor affecting the dry matter quality, nitrogen content and potassium accumulation in tobacco leaves, followed by the root configuration and fertilization factors.Under the condition of distilled water and nitrogen deficiency, root growth of K326 was inhibited, and the dry matter accumulation, nitrogen content and potassium content of tobacco leaf were all lower than that of G80.Under the condition of potassium deficiency, the growth of root system was inhibited, but the root structure was higher than that of G80 treatment.At the same time, the accumulation amount of dry matter, nitrogen content and potassium content of tobacco leaf were higher than that of G80, which was the same as that of the treatment with nutrient solution.
【学位授予单位】：湖南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S572

【相似文献】