播深与培土对生姜生长及产量品质的影响

发布时间：2018-04-17 06:24

  本文选题：生姜 + 播种深度　； 参考：《山东农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：播种和培土是生姜种植过程中重要的栽培环节,但生产中关于合理的播种深度和培土高度的认识尚不一致。为探讨播种深度和培土高度对生姜生长及产量品质的影响,本研究以“山农1号”为试材,研究了播种深度和发棵期不同培土高度对生姜植株生长、根系发育、根茎形成及某些生理特性的的影响。主要研究结果如下:1.播种深度显著影响种姜的出苗和生长。播种后25天时,播深2 cm的出苗率为46.3%,而播深10 cm的出苗率仅为28.08%,但播种后45天时,各处理出苗率均达98%以上。播后分期覆土和培土有利于生姜植株生长,如幼苗期,分期覆土至10 cm处理较播深10 cm的株高、茎粗分别高48.29%、5.68%,但分枝数差异不显著,至根茎膨大期时,分期覆土至10 cm处理的株高、茎粗、分枝数分别比播深2 cm处理高14.74%、5.32%、15.15%;根茎膨大期培土20 cm的株高、茎粗、分枝数分别比不培土高2.96%、1.09%、7.34%。2.播后分期覆土和发棵期培土还有利于提高生姜的根茎纵径,收获期时,分期覆土至10 cm的姜母纵径比播深2 cm处理增加55.02%,子姜纵径增加42.21%,较播深6、10 cm分别增加13.09%和4.26%;培土对生姜姜母纵径提升不明显,但可显著增加子姜纵径,如培土20 cm的子姜纵径比不培土提高了49.92%。3.播后分期覆土和培土提高了生姜的产量,但显著降低了生姜的品质。分期覆土至10 cm的产量分别比播深2、6、10 cm高41.07%、4.61%、4.95%,而且培土20、10 cm分别比不培土高18.56%、17.85%。但分期覆土至10 cm的根茎干物质、淀粉、挥发油、游离氨基酸和蛋白质含量分别比播深2 cm的低9.86%、11.74%、19.24%、26.67%、19.02%;培土20 cm的根茎干物质、淀粉、挥发油、游离氨基酸、蛋白质含量分别比不培土降低7.97%、7.42%、12.5%、10.36%、8.75%。4.播深和培土高度显著影响了生姜根系的发育。苗期时,播深10 cm的根长、根表面积和根系活力分别比播深2 cm的高41.79%、45.59%、16.9%,而根重、根直径分别低26.13%、22.6%;根茎膨大期时播深10 cm的根长、根表面积、根重和根系活力分别比播深2 cm高25.27%、30.13%、21.69%、21.6%。根茎膨大期时培土20 cm的根长、根重、根表面积和根系活力分别比不培土高7.5%、5.37%、14.48%、4.7%。5.幼苗期各处理净光合速率差异较小,根茎膨大期分期覆土至10 cm分别比播深2、10 cm高22.62%、4.05%,而培土20 cm较不培土高7.04%。播后分期覆土至10 cm的植株叶片Fv/Fm、φPSⅡ、和q P分别比播深2 cm的高2.51%、17.6%、3.36%,但培土对Fv/Fm、q P的影响不显著,培土20 cm的φPSⅡ比不培土高5.03%。6.播种深度和培土对生姜根茎内源激素的含量影响显著,对GA、ABA、ZR含量影响显著,但对IAA含量影响不显著,分期覆土至10 cm在GA含量上显著低于其他处理,而在ABA、ZR含量上显著高于其他处理,分期覆土至10 cm的GA含量分别比播深2、6、10 cm低20.27%、8.07%、5.96%,而ABA含量分别高10.44%、3.72%、3.72%。培土有降低GA含量,提高ABA、ZR含量的趋势,但对IAA含量的影响不显著。此外,播后分期覆土和培土显著提高了ABA/GA值。
[Abstract]:Sowing and soil culture are important cultivation links in ginger planting process, but the understanding of reasonable sowing depth and soil height in production is not consistent.In order to study the effects of sowing depth and soil height on growth and yield and quality of ginger, the effects of sowing depth and height of culture soil on the growth and root system development of ginger were studied with "Shannong 1".Effects of rhizome formation and some physiological characteristics.The main results are as follows: 1.Seeding depth significantly affected the emergence and growth of ginger.At 25 days after sowing, the seedling emergence rate of 2 cm depth was 46.3%, while the seedling emergence rate of 10 cm depth was only 28.08, but at 45 days after sowing, the emergence rate of each treatment was above 98%.After sowing, soil mulching and soil culture were beneficial to the growth of ginger plants. For example, in seedling stage, the plant height and stem diameter were 48.29 and 5.68, respectively, in the treatment of soil mulching to 10 cm depth, but the number of branches was not significant at the stage of rhizome expansion.The plant height, stem diameter and branching number of soil mulching to 10 cm by stage were 14.74 and 5.32 and 15.15 higher than those of 2 cm sowing depth, respectively, and the plant height, stem diameter and branch number of 20 cm soil in rhizome expansion stage were 2.96 ~ 1.09 and 7.34 respectively higher than that of uncultivated soil.After sowing the soil was covered by stages and the soil was cultivated in the growing stage. It was also beneficial to increase the vertical diameter of the rhizome of ginger, and at the harvest time,The diameter of ginger mother increased by 55.02 and the diameter of Zingiber increased by 42.21, 13.09% and 4.26 respectively compared with that of sowing depth of 610 cm.For example, the vertical diameter of Zingiber officinalis with 20 cm of cultivated soil increased by 49.922.3. compared with that of uncultivated soil.After sowing, soil mulching and soil culture increased the yield of ginger, but significantly reduced the quality of ginger.The yield of soil covering to 10 cm by stage was higher than that of sowing depth 2 ~ 6 ~ 10 cm, 41.07 and 4.61 and 4.95, respectively, and the yield of soil 20 ~ 10 cm was 18.56 ~ 17.85 higher than that of uncultivated soil, respectively.But the contents of dry matter, starch, volatile oil, free amino acid and protein in rhizome, starch, volatile oil, free amino acid and protein were 9.86% and 11.74% lower than those in 2 cm depth, respectively.The content of protein was 7.97% lower than that of uncultivated soil respectively.Sowing depth and soil height significantly affected the root development of ginger.At seedling stage, the root length, root surface area and root activity were 41.79 and 45.591.59, respectively, and the root weight and root diameter were 26.1313 and 22.6.The root length, root surface area, root weight and root activity were 25.27301321.6921.621.66.The root length, root surface area, root weight and root activity were 25.27301321.6921.6921.66.The root length, root surface area, root surface area and root activity were 25.27301321.6921.6921.62.6cm higher than that of 2cm.The root length, root weight, root surface area and root activity of the soil at the stage of rhizome expansion were 7.5cm, 5.37cm and 14.48cm higher than that of the uncultivated soil, respectively.There was little difference in net photosynthetic rate among different treatments in seedling stage. The percentage of soil covered by stages to 10cm was 22.62210cm higher than that of seeding depth 210cm in rhizome bulging stage, but the percentage of cultivated soil 20cm was 7.04cm higher than that of uncultivated soil.After sowing, FV / Fm, 蠁 PS 鈪，

本文编号：1762437