辽西北地区生态园林和树种选择的分析与研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 13:28

本文选题：灰色关联理论 + 适宜树种　；参考：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：风景园林学是一个复杂的科学体系,它包含美学、生态学、风水学、社会学等内容。随着时代的发展和社会的进步,风景园林学已不单单是人们传统思想里单纯负责造园设计的学科,越来越多的责任需要风景园林人去肩负。近年来,由于城市建设和经济的飞速发展,沙尘天气、雾霾、温室效应等环境问题日益突显,严重影响着人们的生产生活。辽西北地区作为辽宁省生态环境较为落后的地区,景观的多样性也相对欠缺。根据调查,该地区土壤问题严重,水土流失致使土壤肥力减弱,降水量较少而蒸发量较高,加之本就稀缺的水资源,使得辽西北地区多数成为了干旱半干旱地带,这样的环境难以支撑各类植物的生长生存,更无法形成良好的植物景观斑块。如果不采取相应的手段加以改善,这样的情况只能恶性循环,社会经济也会因此受到影响,为打造生态宜居城市,本文采用灰色关联理论和层次分析法对辽西北干旱半干旱地区生态园林设计指标与适宜树木的选择进行分析与研究,相关研究结果如下:(1)本文选取辽西北干旱半干旱地区进行分析,通过资料收集、文献查阅和归纳总结,发现该地区生态环境问题日益严重,急需改善。由于移民毁林、政策疏漏,乱砍滥伐等一系列问题,辽西北地区已从本是水草丰茂,资源富足的风水宝地,变成了现如今资源稀缺,生态环境脆弱的干旱半干旱地区。水资源极为缺乏,植物种类也较为单一,土地沙化、盐碱化日趋严重,直接或间接导致该地区经济衰退,成为辽宁省经济相对落后地区。(2)本文通过层次分析法对辽西北生态园林设计指标进行分析评价,选取四类准则层和二十类指标层进行分析,采用调查问卷的方式收集群众意见,经过计算得出各因子权重大小并排序。在准则层因子分析中,生态功能依旧是人们关注的重点问题,能否发挥景观的生态效益是一个优良的景观园林的基础,在此之下辅以相应技术对人文功能、社会功能和美学功能加以保障。在对指标层因子分析中,按权重大小排序,原始环境自然保护(C11)、生物多样性(C12)占有非常高的比重,而经济维护性(C46)与植物形态(C25)则占比重最低。(3)通过对灰色关联度理论和适地适树理论的理解与综合运用,对辽西北地区的树种与地区进行匹配分析。将辽西北划分为阜新县、义县等17个地区,选取落叶松种群等8种典型树种种群进行评价。计算各个树种种群防风固沙与水土保持效果测度,选取各地区最优树种种群。经过实地考察,对所选指标进行分析,得出各地区最适合树种为:阜新县为蒙古栎;锦州市义县为杨树,锦州市太和区为油松,葫芦岛市连山区为杨树,葫芦岛市南票区为柞树,葫芦岛市龙港区为落叶松,葫芦岛市兴城市为柞树,葫芦岛市绥中县为刺槐,葫芦岛市建昌县为柞树,朝阳市喀左县为柞树,朝阳县为刺槐,朝阳市龙城区为柞树,朝阳市北票市为刺槐,朝阳市建平县为华北落叶松,朝阳市凌源市为油松,沈阳市康平县为樟子松,彰武县为油松。
[Abstract]:Landscape architecture is a complex scientific system, it contains aesthetics, ecology, fengshui, sociology and so on. With the development of the times and social progress, landscape architecture is not only the traditional people thought only responsible for the landscape design discipline, more and more people to take responsibility for landscape in recent years. Here, because of the rapid development of city construction and economy, the dust weather, fog and haze, the greenhouse effect and other environmental problems have become increasingly prominent, seriously affecting people's production and life. As the area of ecological environment in Liaoning province is relatively backward in northwest area, the landscape diversity is relatively deficient. According to the survey, the area of serious soil erosion. The soil fertility decline, less precipitation and higher evaporation, coupled with the scarcity of water resources, make the most of the Northwest has become an arid and semi-arid area, the environment is difficult to The growth of life support for all kinds of plants, it can not form a good plant landscape. If you do not take appropriate measures to improve this situation only vicious spiral, social economic will be affected, in order to create a livable city, this paper uses grey relation theory and AHP method on the ecological landscape design index of drought in semi arid northwest Liaoning area analysis and research for the choice of trees, the research results are as follows: (1) this paper analyzed arid semiarid area of Northwest Liaoning, through data collection, literature review and summary, found that the ecological environment problems in the region is becoming increasingly serious, urgent need to improve. Because of immigration policy oversight, deforestation, a series of problems of deforestation so, this is from the northwest area of Liaoning Province has lush plants, Feng Shui rich resources, has become now the scarcity of resources, a fragile ecological environment in arid In semi arid area. Water resources are extremely deficient, plant species are more single, land desertification, salinization has become increasingly serious, directly or indirectly lead to the area of Liaoning province has become the economic recession, the economy is relatively backward areas. (2) based on AHP in Liaoning Northwest Ecological Landscape Design Index Analysis and evaluation, selects four twenty types of rule layer and index layer are analyzed, the opinions of the masses were collected by questionnaire, the calculated weight of each factor and the size of order. In the analysis of rule layer factor, ecological function is still the key concerns of the people, whether the use of ecological landscape is an excellent landscape based on this. Under the corresponding technology of cultural function, social function and aesthetic function to be protected. In the analysis of the index factors, sorted by weight, the original natural environment protection (C11), biological Diversity (C12) occupies a very high proportion, and economic maintenance (C46) and plant morphology (C25) is the lowest proportion. (3) based on grey relational theory and suitable tree theory understanding and comprehensive application, analyzes the matching of tree species and area in the northwest of Liaoning Liaoning. North into Fuxin County, Yixian 17 area, select Larch population 8 typical tree species were evaluated. The calculation of each species in windbreak and soil and water conservation measure, to select the best tree species area. Through on-the-spot investigation, the selected indicators are analyzed, and obtained the most suitable tree species for Fuxin area Mongolia County oak; Jinzhou Yixian for Poplar, Taihe District of Jinzhou City, Pinus tabulaeformis, Lianshan District in Huludao city for poplar, Huludao City Nanpiao District Huludao District of Longgang city as the oak tree, larch, Huludao Xing City for tussah tree, Suizhong County of Huludao City Huludao City, Jianchang County as the locust, oak, Chaoyang City County Chaoyang Kazuo County as oak, black locust, Chaoyang City City District Beipiao city Chaoyang City oak, Chaoyang City black locust, Jianping County of Chaoyang City city of Lingyuan for Larix, Pinus tabulaeformis, Shenyang City, Kangping County, Zhangwu County for Mongolian pine, Pinus tabulaeformis.

【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S688;TU986

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