静电式农田残膜回收理论分析与试验研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 15:21

本文选题：残膜回收 + 高压静电场　；参考：《塔里木大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：地膜覆盖技术经济效益好,被广泛应用于新疆棉花的种植中,但是残膜回收不完整和自然条件对地膜的破坏,造成了大量的残膜碎片混入了土壤之中。随着农业现代化进程的不断推进,解决“白色污染”,改善农业生态环境,倡导绿色农业成为当今农业发展的必然趋势。作为棉花主产区的新疆,残膜污染的现状和农田生态环境的破坏成为现代化农业生产中一项亟待解决的问题。为了提高农田残膜的回收效率,本文以农田中的残膜和土壤为研究对象,根据静电分离理论,测量残膜和土壤的介电常数,然后在实验室条件下采用自制的静电式农田残膜回收装置进行试验,得出影响吸附效率的最优参数。研究的主要结论如下:(1)在测试频率(1~1000kHz)区间内,风干的残留地膜相对介电常数为1.0~1.3,风干的土壤相对介电常数为3~4;在含水率实验参数范围内(5%~25%),土壤相对介电系数为20~40,含水的残留地膜相对介电常数基本为2~4。由理论分析可知,采用静电吸附方法分离残膜和土壤是可行的,且湿土-湿膜的分离效果比干土-干膜更好。(2)本文在高压静电场下,通过静电式农田残膜回收装置对影响吸附效果的主要因素进行测量,利用极差分析与方差分析得出,对吸附效率影响显著性最高的是极板高度,其次是吸附电压和土壤的含水率,残膜面积对吸附效率影响最小。(3)高压静电场条件下,以残膜的吸附效率为目标函数进行了正交试验,得出效率最高的参数组合为:极板高度6cm,残膜面积25cm2,含水率为10%,高压极板电压值为-11.5kV。优化后的参数组合可以为今后设计静电吸附式残膜回收机提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:Film mulching technology is widely used in cotton planting in Xinjiang because of its good economic benefit. However, the incomplete recovery of residual film and the destruction of plastic film by natural conditions have caused a large number of residual film fragments to be mixed into the soil.With the development of agricultural modernization, it is an inevitable trend to solve "white pollution", improve agricultural ecological environment and advocate green agriculture.As the main cotton producing area in Xinjiang, the present situation of residual film pollution and the destruction of farmland ecological environment have become a problem to be solved urgently in modern agricultural production.In order to improve the recovery efficiency of residual film in farmland, the dielectric constant of residual film and soil was measured according to the theory of electrostatic separation.Then the experiment was carried out under laboratory conditions by using a self-made electrostatic residual film recovery device, and the optimal parameters affecting the adsorption efficiency were obtained.The main conclusions of the study are as follows: 1) in the test frequency range of 1000 kHz,The relative permittivity of air-dried residual mulch film is 1.0 ~ 1.3, and that of air-dried soil is 3 ~ 4. In the range of water content experimental parameters, the relative dielectric coefficient of soil is 2040, and the relative dielectric constant of residual mulch film with water content is 2 ~ 4.According to the theoretical analysis, it is feasible to separate residual film from soil by electrostatic adsorption, and the separation effect of wet soil-wet membrane is better than that of dry soil-dry membrane.The main factors affecting the adsorption efficiency were measured by the electrostatic residual film recovery device. The results of range analysis and variance analysis showed that the polar plate height had the most significant effect on the adsorption efficiency.Secondly, adsorption voltage and soil moisture content, the area of residual film has the least influence on adsorption efficiency. Under the condition of high voltage electrostatic field, the adsorption efficiency of residual film is taken as the objective function of orthogonal experiment.The results show that the highest efficiency parameters are as follows: plate height 6 cm, residual film area 25 cm 2, moisture content 10, high voltage plate voltage -11.5 kV.The optimized parameter combination can provide a theoretical basis for the future design of electrostatic adsorption residual film collector.
【学位授予单位】：塔里木大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S223.5

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