新疆北部干旱区两种培育基质对引种樟子松生理生态的影响研究

发布时间：2018-04-20 10:35

本文选题：培育基质 + 引种樟子松　；参考：《新疆师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：新疆克拉玛依市乌尔禾区(85°12′-86°02′E,45°42′-46°15′N)有我国著名景区魔鬼城,区政府在大力打造“生态旅游新城”的过程中,城市绿化是其中重要的环节之一。在城市绿化环节中,从我国东北引进了优良树种樟子松(Pinussylvesiris var.mongolica),这不仅是干旱区环境演变与灾害防治的重要手段,也可以丰富本地的生物多样性。引种樟子松需要科学的培育方式,因此必须了解其对本地生态因子的生理生态响应。通过研究引种樟子松对两种培育基质的生理生态响应,探寻樟子松对本地土壤的适应性。2015年7月在克拉玛依市乌尔禾区郊外苗圃,随机选择使用施肥的本地沙土(施肥沙土)和配置基质培育满一年的樟子松各3棵,并设计了以下5个子实验:使用HH2型土壤湿度计测量两种培育基质基本参数的日动态,使用Li-6400XT便携式气体交换系统测定其光合参数日动态,光合-光响应(P_n-PAR)曲线,叶绿素荧光参数,使用镭射测距仪和游标卡尺测量其生长量。研究结果表明:(1)每日16:00-18:00,施肥沙土的温度显著高于配置基质组(P0.01)。灌水会影响基质的体积含水量和基质(溶液)电导率,尤其是从灌水后第三天开始,随着基质体积含水量的下降,基质(溶液)电导率开始升高;(2)两组基质的引种樟子松均于午后14:00呈现明显的光合下调,净光合速率(P_n)峰值均于10:00出现;两组同时刻P_n值差异极显著(P0.01),施肥沙土组P_n日均值(比配置基质组)提高了41%;P_n值对光合有效辐射(PAR)的定积分值,施肥沙土组高于配置基质组(22.3214.74);两组的水分利用效率(WUE)峰值均于每日8:00-10:00出现;两组WUE值总体差异显著(P0.05),施肥沙土组WUE日均值提高了59%;WUE值对PAR的定积分值,施肥沙土组高于配置基质组(10.187.09)。施肥沙土组的羧化效率(CE)在清晨和下午均极显著高于配置基质组(P0.01);每日10:00-12:00,施肥沙土组引种樟子松蒸腾速率(Tr)极显著高于配置基质组(P0.01)。夏季的高温强光对两组叶片气孔开闭有较强影响,尤其对配置基质组。PAR是影响施肥沙土组光合参数(P_n值、Tr值和Ci值)的主要因子;PAR和空气相对湿度(RH)是影响配置基质组光合参数(Tr值、Ci值)的主要因子;(3)采用直角双曲线修正模型拟合P_n-PAR曲线,施肥沙土组P_n值均高于配置基质组,配置基质组光饱和点(LSP)比施肥沙土组提前出现。两组的最大净光合速率(Pmax)、LSP及光补偿点(LCP)均存在显著差异(P0.05)。施肥沙土组樟子松的光合同化潜力提高了123%,对弱光和强光的适应能力提高了30%和4.3%;(4)施肥沙土组引种樟子松各荧光参数均显著高于配置基质组(P0.05),施肥沙土组的初始荧光F0提高了7.1%,最大荧光Fm提高了19.2%,Fv/F0提高了18.3%,光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)最大光化学效率Fv/Fm提高了2.6%;(5)在生长量(株高、胸径)方面,施肥沙土组也极显著高于配置基质组(P0.01),株高高于配置基质组1.25倍,胸径粗于配置基质组1.61倍。结论:综上可知,施肥沙土组引种樟子松的瞬时生长量、光合同化潜力、健康指数及耐旱能力等均(较配置基质)提高了41%、123%、2.6%、59%,宏观生长量参数均高于配置基质组1倍以上。施肥沙土培育的引种樟子松健康指数较高,对新疆北部地区的适应性较强。因此,适宜新疆北部干旱区引种樟子松的培育基质为本地沙土:牛粪(2:0.5,v/v)。
[Abstract]:Xinjiang Karamay city of Xinjiang (12 '-86 02' E, 45 42 '-46 15' N) has the famous scenic devil city in China. In the process of building the "eco tourism new town" by the district government, urban greening is one of the important links. In the urban greening link, the excellent tree species of pine (Pinussylvesiris V) are introduced from the northeast of China. Ar.mongolica), this is not only an important means of environmental evolution and disaster prevention and control in arid areas, but also can enrich the local biodiversity. The introduction of Pinus sylvestris needs a scientific cultivation method. Therefore, it must understand its physiological and ecological response to the local ecological factors. Through the study of the physiological and ecological responses of the introduction of camphor Zi Song to the two cultivation substrates, The adaptability of Pinus sylvestris to local soil.2015 year July at the outskirts of urhe, Karamay, randomly selected the local sand soil (fertilized sandy soil) and the substrate for one year to cultivate 3 trees of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, and designed the following 5 sub experiments: using the HH2 soil hygrometer to measure the basic parameters of two cultivation matrix Dynamic, Li-6400XT portable gas exchange system was used to measure the daily dynamic of photosynthetic parameters, photosynthetic light response (P_n-PAR) curves, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, laser rangefinder and vernier caliper. The results showed that: (1) daily 16:00-18:00, the temperature of fertilized sandy soil was significantly higher than that of the configuration matrix group (P0.01). The volume water content of the matrix and the conductivity of matrix (solution), especially from the third days after the irrigation, the conductivity of the matrix (solution) began to rise with the decrease of the matrix volume water content; (2) the introduction of Pinus sylvestris of two groups of substrates showed obvious photosynthetic downregulation at 14:00 in the afternoon, and the peak value of net photosynthetic rate (P_n) appeared at 10:00; two groups at the same time The difference of P_n value was very significant (P0.01). The daily average value of P_n in the fertilized sand soil group increased by 41%; the value of P_n value to the photosynthetic effective radiation (PAR) was higher than that of the configuration matrix group (22.3214.74), and the peak of water use efficiency (WUE) in the two groups appeared in the daily 8:00-10:00; the total WUE value of the two groups was significantly different (P0.05). The WUE daily average of the fertilizer sand soil group increased by 59%, and the value of the WUE value to the PAR was higher than that of the configuration matrix (10.187.09). The carboxylation efficiency (CE) of the fertilized sand soil group was significantly higher than that of the configuration matrix (P0.01) in the morning and afternoon, and 10:00-12:00 was significantly higher than the configuration matrix (Tr) for the introduction of the rate of transpiration of Pinus sylvestris (Tr). Group (P0.01). The high temperature and strong light in summer has a strong influence on the opening and closing of the two groups of leaves, especially the main factors affecting the photosynthetic parameters (P_n, Tr and Ci) of the fertilized sandy soil group with the matrix group.PAR; PAR and the air relative humidity (RH) are the main factors that affect the configuration of the matrix group of photosynthetic parameters (Tr, Ci); (3) using the right angle hyperbolic repair. The positive model fitted the P_n-PAR curve, and the P_n value of the fertilized sand soil group was higher than that of the matrix group, and the light saturation point (LSP) in the matrix group appeared earlier than that of the fertilized sandy soil group. The maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pmax), LSP and the optical compensation point (LCP) of the two groups were all significant differences (P0.05). The light contract potential of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica was increased by 123%, and the weak light and the weak light were increased. The adaptability of strong light was increased by 30% and 4.3%; (4) the fluorescence parameters of the introduction of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica were significantly higher than that in the configuration matrix group (P0.05). The initial fluorescence F0 of the fertilized sand soil group increased by 7.1%, the maximum fluorescence Fm increased by 19.2%, the Fv/F0 increased by 18.3%, and the maximum photochemical efficiency of the light system II (PS II) increased by 2.6%, and (5) in the growth (5). In the aspect of plant height and diameter, the fertilized sand soil group was also significantly higher than that of the configuration matrix group (P0.01). The height of the plant was 1.25 times higher than that of the configuration matrix, and the diameter of the breast was 1.61 times larger than that of the matrix group. Conclusion: it is concluded that the application of the fertilized sand soil group is 41%, 1 of the instantaneous growth, the potential of light contract, the health index and the drought tolerance. 23%, 2.6%, 59%, the macro growth parameters were more than 1 times higher than that of the configuration matrix group. The introduction of Pinus sylvestris health index was higher in fertilized sandy soil, and was more adaptable to northern Xinjiang. Therefore, the suitable cultivation matrix for the introduction of Pinus sylvestris in the northern arid region of Xinjiang was the local sandy soil: 2:0.5, v/v.

【学位授予单位】：新疆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S791.253

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