饲粮油脂对肉鸡生长、代谢和免疫的影响

发布时间：2018-04-20 19:33

本文选题：高脂日粮 + 混合油脂　；参考：《山东农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：脂肪代谢与家禽免疫功能关系密切,本研究通过饲喂常能高脂日粮(1-21 d,ME=12.34MJ/kg;22-42 d,ME=12.76 MJ/kg)和混合油脂日粮,分别探讨脂肪摄入量和脂肪酸组成(单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸和中短链脂肪酸)对肉鸡生长、代谢和免疫的影响,进一步明确油脂类型与水平对家禽健康生产的调控机制,以期为饲粮油脂的高效利用提供新思路、新方法。试验一研究常能高脂日粮对肉鸡生长、代谢和免疫的影响。选用1日龄AA肉鸡100只,随机分为2组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只。对照组(NFD)饲喂正常日粮;试验组(HFD)饲喂高脂日粮。分别在14、21、38d进行采集血液、胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠样本。试验结果表明,38d饲喂常能高脂日粮组的脾脏重量和脾脏指数和脾脏炎性信号通路相关基因的表达上显著高于饲喂正常日粮组(P0.05),饲喂正常日粮的肉鸡血液甘油三酯含量显著高于常能高脂日粮组,对血糖的含量没有影响(P0.05),饲喂高脂日粮明显降低了十二指肠的绒腺比(P0.05)。结果提示,肉鸡饲喂常能高脂日粮未引起血糖和血脂的明显升高,但可能激活炎症信号通路,抑制小肠黏膜发育。试验二研究混合油脂对肉鸡生长、代谢和免疫的影响。选用1日龄雄性AA肉鸡540只,随机分为9组,每组设6个重复,每个重复10只。试验分前期(1-21 d)和后期(22-42d)两个饲养阶段,饲料中分别添加2%和3%的油脂。试验设豆油和鸭油2个对照组;7个试验组分别以椰子油、大豆油和鸭油不同配比添加混合油脂。试验第21d和42d,每个重复随机取2只试验鸡,屠宰,采血,屠宰。称取组织器官重量,采集胸腺、肝脏、脾脏、法氏囊、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠食糜、腿肌、胸肌样本。测定血液生化,肠道形态,盲肠微生物,肝脏脂肪代谢相关指标。结果表明,前期豆油组与其他组相比在体增重上有明显的差异(P0.05),采食量和料肉比没有差异(P0.05),鸡体重和十二指肠重指数有明显差异(P0.05),其他器官指数无明显差异(P0.05)。前期混合油脂不影响前期肝脏脂肪代谢和肠道炎症反应(P0.05)。后期体增重、采食量和料肉比没有差异(P0.05),椰子油比重大的组腹脂指数明显上升(P0.05),胸腺指数有下降的趋势,血液TG、VLDL、LPL、NEFA、肝脏甘油三酯和脂肪代谢相关基因明显上升(P0.05),肠道绒腺比显著高于椰子油比重低的组和单一油脂组,盲肠益生菌数量上升,降低病原菌数量。试验二结果表明在肉鸡生长前期,单一油脂(豆油或鸭油)提高生产性能,促进组织发育;在肉鸡生长后期,椰子油比重大的混合油脂促进肠道黏膜发育,改善盲肠微生物组成,但增加腹脂沉积,降低免疫器官指数。综上所述,脂肪的摄入量过多不利于肉鸡的生长发育,混合油脂在一定程度上更有利于肉鸡的生长发育。
[Abstract]:Fat metabolism is closely related to the immune function of poultry. The growth, metabolism and immunity of fat intake and fatty acid composition (monounsaturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid and medium short chain fatty acid) were investigated by feeding regular high fat diet (1-21 D, ME=12.34MJ/kg; 22-42 D, ME=12.76 MJ/kg) and mixed fat diet. Influence, further clarify the regulation mechanism of oil type and level on the healthy production of poultry, in order to provide new ideas and new methods for the efficient utilization of diet oil. A study on the effects of high fat diet on growth, metabolism and immunity of broilers. 1 days of age AA broilers were selected and divided into 2 groups randomly, 5 repetitions in each group, and 10 repeats for each group. The experimental group (NFD) was fed with normal diet, and the experimental group (HFD) was fed with high fat diet. The blood, thymus, spleen, bursa, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum samples were collected in 14,21,38d, respectively. The results showed that the expression of spleen weight, spleen index and spleen inflammatory signaling pathway related genes in normal high fat diet group were shown by 38d. The content of triglyceride in blood of normal diet was higher than that of normal diet group (P0.05), and the content of blood triglyceride in normal diet was significantly higher than that of normal high fat diet group, and there was no effect on blood sugar content (P0.05). The diet of high fat diet significantly decreased the ratio of the duodenal cashmere gland (P0.05). Increase, but may activate the inflammatory signaling pathway to inhibit the development of small intestinal mucosa. Experiment two studied the effects of mixed fat on growth, metabolism and immunity of broilers. 540 1 day old male AA broilers were randomly divided into 9 groups, with 6 repetitions in each group and 10 in each repeat (1-21 d) and later (22-42d) feeding stages. Do not add oil of 2% and 3%. The test set 2 control groups of soybean oil and duck oil; 7 test groups added coconut oil, soybean oil and duck oil in different proportions of mixed fat. Test 21d and 42d, each repeat randomly 2 test chickens, slaughtering, collecting blood, slaughtering. Collect thymus, liver, spleen, bursa, duodenum, and air. Intestinal, ileum, cecum chymus, leg muscles, and chest muscle samples were used to determine blood biochemistry, intestinal morphology, cecum microorganism and liver fat metabolism. The results showed that there was a significant difference in body weight gain between the early soybean oil group and the other groups (P0.05), and there was no difference in feed intake and meat ratio (P0.05), and there was a significant difference between the weight of chicken and the duodenal weight index. (P0.05) there was no significant difference in other organ index (P0.05). Early mixed fat did not affect liver fat metabolism and intestinal inflammatory response (P0.05). Later body weight gain, feed intake and meat ratio did not differ (P0.05), coconut oil was significantly higher than the significant group of abdominal fat index (P0.05), thymus index decreased, blood TG, VLDL, LPL, NEFA, liver The related genes of triglyceride and fat metabolism were obviously increased (P0.05). The ratio of intestinal velvet was significantly higher than that of coconut oil with low proportion of coconut oil and single oil group. The number of probiotics in cecum increased and the number of pathogenic bacteria decreased. The results of experiment two showed that single oil (bean oil or duck oil) increased production performance and promoted tissue development at the early stage of broiler growth; In the late stage of growth, coconut oil can promote intestinal mucosal development and improve the composition of cecal microorganism, but increase abdominal fat deposition and reduce the immune organ index. In summary, excessive fat intake is not beneficial to the growth and development of broiler, and the mixed fat is more beneficial to the growth and development of broilers in a certain range.

【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S831.5

【参考文献】