饲粮添加精油对肉鸡生产性能的影响及作用机理研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 22:42

  本文选题：精油 + 肉鸡　； 参考：《四川农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文通过肉鸡饲粮中添加精油与苯甲酸的混合物(CPP),探讨CPP对肉鸡生产性能的影响,及其作用机理,并比较CPP和BZn在肉鸡上的应用效果。试验采用2×2×2因子设计,即2个能量水平(正常能量、降低100kcal/kg),2个BZn水平(0、40mg/kg),2个CPP水平(0、300mg/kg),选择2560只1日龄Ross308肉仔鸡,随机分成8个处理,每个处理16个重复,每个重复20只,试验分三个阶段,前期(1-21d),中期(22-35d)和后期(36-42d),试验期42d。结果表明：1)生产性能：正常能量添加BZn极显著地降低前期料重比(P0.01)；降低饲粮能量肉鸡全期料重比极显著增加(P0.01),添加CPP、BZn显著地降低后期料重比(P0.05),两组间差异不显著；正常能量与降低能量添加BZn、CPP、BZn+CPP对生产性能无显著差异。BZn+CPP之间对中期、全期采食量有显著的交互作用(P0.05、P0.01)。2)养分消化率：与处理1相比,处理3正常能量+BZn饲粮极显著地降低干物质、氨基酸消化率(P0.01),处理5组显著地提高蛋白质消化率(P0.05)；处理2低能饲粮显著地降低干物质、能量消化率(P0.01),处理6组极显著地提高干物质、蛋白质、能量及氨基酸的消化率(P0.01)；正常能量与低能添加BZn、CPP、BZn+CPP对养分消化率的影响无显著差异；能量和BZn之间对干物质和能量消化率有极显著的交互作用(P0.01)。能量、BZn及CPP三者之间对干物质和能量消化率有极显著的交互作用(P0.01)对总氨基酸、除蛋氨酸及赖氨酸外的氨基酸消化率有显著的交互作用(P0.05)。3)消化酶活性：处理1正常能量饲粮添加BZn、CPP极显著地提高肉鸡胰腺糜蛋白酶、胰淀粉酶活性(P0.01),且两组间差异极显著,处理7极显著地提高21d胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶、糜蛋白酶活性(P0.01)；处理2低能饲粮极显著地降低胰蛋白酶活性(P0.01),但处理4、6、8极显著地提高肉鸡胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶、糜蛋白酶活性(P0.01)；且三组间差异极显著。能量与BZn之间对消化酶(除21d脂肪酶)活性有显著的交互作用(P0.01、P0.05),能量与CPP之间对消化酶(除21d糜蛋白酶)活性有显著的交互作用(P0.01、P0.05),BZn与CPP之间对糜蛋白酶、脂肪酶和胰淀粉酶活性有显著的交互作用(P0.01、P0.05),且对21d胰蛋白酶活性有极显著的交互作用(P0.01),能量、BZn、CPP三者之间对前期胰蛋白酶、胰淀粉酶活性,35d糜蛋白酶、胰淀粉酶活性有显著的交互作用(P0.01、P0.05)。4)肠道菌群：21d,处理3正常能量+BZn饲粮极显著地增加盲肠双歧杆菌数量(P0.01),处理5极显著地降低回肠乳酸杆菌数量(P0.01)相对处理1；处理2低能饲粮极显著地降低回肠乳酸杆菌数量(P0.01),处理4对肠道菌群无显著差异,处理5极显著地增加回、盲肠.双歧杆菌数量(P0.01),处理8极显著地增加回肠乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数量,盲肠总菌群数量(P0.01)相对处理2；正常能量与低能添加BZn、CPP对肠道菌群(除回肠乳酸杆菌、盲肠双歧杆菌)数量差异不显著;能量和BZn之间对回肠双歧杆菌数量、能量和CPP之间对回肠乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数量及BZn和CPP对回肠乳酸杆菌、盲肠大肠杆菌和双歧杆菌数量有显著的交互作用(P0.01、P0.05),能量、BZn、CPP三者对回肠乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数量有显著的交互作用。35d,与处理1北处理3、5、极显著地增加盲肠乳酸杆菌数量(P0.01),处理7极显著地降低双歧杆菌数量(P0.01)；处理2低能饲粮极显著地增加回肠大肠杆菌、盲肠乳酸杆菌数量(P0.01),但处理6、8极显著地降低回肠大肠杆菌、盲肠双歧杆菌数量,增加回肠双歧杆菌数量(P0.01),处理4极显著地增加回肠双歧杆菌数量(P0.01)与处理2：正常能量与低能组添加CPP、BZn、BZn+CPP之间对肠道菌群(除双歧杆菌)无显著差异；能量和BZn之间对回肠双歧杆菌数量,能量和CPP之间对回肠大肠杆菌数量,盲肠双歧杆菌数量,BZn与CPP之间对盲肠乳酸杆菌数量有显著的交互作用(P0.01、P0.05),能量、BZn、CPP三者之间对盲肠双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌数量有显著的交互作用(P0.05)。5)免疫功能：饲粮处理间对肉鸡21、35dIgA、IgM、lgG、]L-2、IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α含量有极显著差异(P0.01)。能量极显著地降低21、35d血清中IgM、IL-2含量和IgG、IL-4、TNF-α含量,同时提高35dIgA、IL-6、IL-4含量(P0.01)；BZn对21d肉鸡血清中IgG、IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α含量有极显著地影响(P0.01),极显著地提高35dIgM、IgG、IL-6、TNF-α含量增加,降低IL-2、IL-4含量(P0.0I)：CPP对21d肉鸡血清IgA含量影响无显著,但极显著地增加IgM、IL-6含量,降低IgG、IL-2、IL-4、TNF-α含量,降低35d血清中IgA、IgM、IgG、IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α含量(P0.01)；能量和BZn之间对21、35d肉鸡血清中IgG、IL-2、IL-4、IL-6含量有极显著地影响的交互作用(P0.0]),对35dlgM、TNF-α含量也有极显著地影响交互作用(P0.01)：能量和CPP之问对肉鸡21、35d血清中IgM、IgG、IL-2、4、6、TNF-α含量有显著的交互作用(P0.05、P0.01),BZn+CPP之间对肉鸡21、35d血清IgA、IgM、IgG、]L-2、IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α含量有极显著的交互作用(P0.01),能量、BZn、CPP之间对肉鸡21d血清IgA含量无显著的交互作用(P0.05),对2]、35d其他有显著的交互作用(P0.01、P0.05)。6)机体抗氧化水平：处理4正常能量+BZn饲粮对肉鸡血清TAOC和MDA含量、SOD和GSH-Px活性及无显著差异(P0.05),处理5显著地提高肉鸡35d血清SOD活性(P0.05),对TAOC和MDA含量、SOD和GSH-Px舌性无显著差异(P0.05)；与处理2相比处理6显著地增加21dGSH-Px活性,及35dSOD活性,处理4对TAOC和MDA含量、SOD和GSH-Px活性无显著差异,且添加CPP组对GSH-Px活性显著高于添加BZn组；正常能量与低能添加BZn、CPP、BZn+CPP对血清TAOC和MDA含量SOD和GSH-Px活性无显著差异(P0.05)；BZn+CPP之间对肉鸡血清SOD活性有显著的交互作用(P=0.01)。能量、BZn、CPP两者或三者之间对血清TAOC.SOD、GSH-Px活性及MDA含量无显著的交互作用(P0.05)。7)脂肪酸组成：21d,饲粮处理对21d肉鸡胸肌C14：0、C18：3和C22：4含量无显著影响(P0.05),但对C16：0、C16：1、C18：0、C18：1、C18：2含量有极显著影响(P0.01)；对腿肌C14：0、C18:1、C18：3和C22：4含量无显著影响(P0.05),但对C16：0、C16：1、C18：0、C18：2含量有极显著影响(P0.01)。能量添加BZn显著地降低胸肌C18：1的含量(P0.05),添加CPP极显著地增加胸、腿肌C18：1、C18：2等不饱和脂肪酸的含量(P0.01),降低C14：0等饱和脂肪酸含量(P0.01)。能量和BZn之间对C18：0、C]8：2含量有显著的交互作用(P0.05),能量和CPP之间对C16：0、C18：2含量有极显著的交互作用(P0.01),BZn和CPP之间对C16：1、C18：0、C18：1、C18：2含量有显著的交互作用(P0.05、P0.01),能量、BZn、CPP之间对胸肌C18：0、C18：1、C18：2含量有极显著的交互作用(P0.01)；能量和BZn之间对腿肌C18：3含量有显著的交互作用(D0.05),BZn和CPP之间对腿肌C18：2、C18：3含量有显著的交互作用(P0.01、P0.05)能量、BZn、CPP之间对腿肌C16：0、C16：1含量有显著的交互作用(P0.01、P0.05)。35d,饲粮处理对35d肉鸡胸肌C14：0、C18：3和C22：4含量无显著影响(P0.05),但对C]6：0、C16：1、C18：0、C18:1、C 18：2含量有极显著影响(P0.01,,P0.05)。腿肌C14：0、C18：3和C22：4含量无显著影响(P0.05),但对C16：0、C16：1、C18：0、C18：1、C18：2含量有极显著影响(P0.01)。能量添加BZn极显著地增加胸、腿肌C]6：0含量,显著地降低C18：2,C18：3含量(P0.05)。添加CPP除了对胸、腿肌C14：0含量无显著差异外,对其他脂肪酸有显著地影响(P0.05、P0.01)。能量、BZn和CPP两两、三者对21、35d胸、腿肌C18：0、C14：0、C18：1、C18：2含量存在显著的交互作用(P0.05)。由此得出,1、饲粮能量水平从1-21d2950kcal/kg、22-35d3020kcal/kg和36-42d3050kcal/kg降低100kcal/kg,肉鸡21d体重、1-21d和36-42d体增重略有降低,但差异不显著；但显著提高]-21d采食量、1-21d和1-42d料重比。2、在正常和低能饲粮中饲粮添加40mg/kgBZn对肉鸡体增重、采食量有提高趋势,显著地降低1-21d料重比。添加300mg/kgCPP对肉鸡21d体重、1-21d体增重无显著影响,但显著提高1-21d肉鸡采食量、36-42d体增重、1-21d料重比,显著降低22-35d体增重、22-35d和36-42d采食量、36-42d和1-42d料重比。CPP与能量无显著交互作用,表明在两种饲粮中的效应趋势相同。同时添加BZn+CPP可缓解CPP对采食量的降低作用。正常能量+BZn+CPP对肉鸡1-42d料重比无显著影响,而低能量+BZn+CPP则显著降低料重比。3、降低100kcal/kg能量饲粮中添加300mg/kgCPP可以代替或与BZn合用,可以到达正常能量饲粮肉鸡的生产性能。4、CPP的作用机理与通过促进养分消化率、提高消化酶活性,改善肠道菌群、抗氧化及增加肌肉中不饱和脂肪酸含量的作用有关。
[Abstract]:The effects of CPP and BZn on broiler production were studied by adding essential oil and benzoic acid mixture ( CPP ) in broiler feed . The experimental results showed that 2 脳 2 脳 2 factorial design , i.e . 2 energy levels ( normal energy , 100 kcal / kg ) , 2 BZn levels ( 0 , 40mg / kg ) , 2 CPP levels ( 0 , 300 mg / kg ) , were randomly divided into 8 treatments .
In addition , CPP and BZn were significantly lower than that in the later stage ( P0.05 ) , but the difference between the two groups was not significant .
There was no significant difference between normal energy and low energy addition of BZn , CPP and BZn + CPP . There was significant interaction between BZn and CPP ( P0.05 , P0.01 ) . 2 ) Nutrient digestibility : Compared with treatment 1 , the treatment of 3 normal energy + BZn diets significantly reduced the dry matter and amino acid digestibility ( P0.01 ) , and treated with 5 groups significantly increased the digestibility of protein ( P0.05 ) .
The digestibility of dry matter , protein , energy and amino acid were significantly increased in 6 groups ( P0.01 ) .
There was no significant difference between normal energy and low energy addition of BZn , CPP and BZn + CPP .
There was significant interaction between energy and energy digestibility of dry matter and energy digestibility ( P0.01 ) . There was significant interaction between energy , BZn and CPP ( P0.01 ) .
Treatment of 2 low - energy diets significantly reduced trypsin activity ( P0.01 ) , but treated 4 , 6 , 8 significantly increased the activity of tryptase , lipase and chymase ( P0.01 ) .
There was significant interaction between energy and CPP ( P0.01 , P0.05 ) . There was significant interaction between energy and CPP ( P0.01 , P0.05 ) . There was significant interaction between BZn and CPP ( P0.01 , P0.05 ) .
Treatment of 2 low - energy diets significantly reduced the number of lactic acid bacteria in ileum ( P0.01 ) . There was no significant difference between treatment 4 and intestinal flora , and the treatment of 5 poles significantly increased the number of enterobacteria ( P0.01 ) .
There was no significant difference between normal energy and low energy addition of BZn and CPP . There was significant interaction between energy and BZn ( P 0.01 , P0.05 ) . There was a significant interaction between energy and CPP ( P0.01 , P0.05 ) .
Treatment of 2 low - energy diets significantly increased the number of E . coli and C . cecal Lactobacillus ( P0.01 ) , but treated 6 , 8 significantly reduced the number of E . coli and B .
There was significant interaction between energy and BZn ( P0.01 , P0.05 ) . There was a significant difference in the number of strains between BZn and CPP ( P0.01 , P0.05 ) .
The levels of IgG , IL - 4 , IL - 6 and TNF - 伪 in the serum of 21 d broiler chickens were significantly affected by BZn ( P0.01 ) . The levels of IgG , IL - 6 and TNF - 伪 increased significantly , but the levels of IgM , IL - 4 and TNF - 伪 were significantly increased , but the levels of IgM , IL - 4 and TNF - 伪 were significantly increased , and the levels of IgA , IgM , IgG , IL - 4 , IL - 6 and TNF - 伪 in the serum were decreased significantly ( P0.01 ) .
The levels of serum IgA , IgG , IL - 2 , IL - 2 , IL - 4 , IL - 6 and TNF - 伪 were significantly affected ( P0.05 ) .
Compared with treatment 2 , the activity of 21dGSH - Px , and activity of 35dSOD were significantly increased , and the activity of SOD and GSH - Px was significantly higher than that of treated group 4 , and the activity of GSH - Px was significantly higher than that in addition of BZn group .
There was no significant difference between normal energy and low energy addition of BZn , CPP and BZn + CPP ( P0.05 ) .
There was no significant difference in serum SOD activity between BZn and CPP ( P = 0.01 ) . There was no significant effect on serum TAOC , SOD , GSH - Px activity and MDA content ( P0.05 ) , but the content of C16 : 0 , C16 : 1 , C18 : 0 , C18 : 1 , C18 : 2 was significantly affected ( P0.01 ) .
The contents of C16 : 0 , C 18 : 1 , 18 : 0 , C18 : 2 were significantly increased ( P 0.01 ) , and the content of C16 : 0 , C18 : 0 , C18 : 1 , C18 : 2 was significantly increased between energy and CPP ( P0.05 ) . 1 銆，

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