分蘖期氮水耦合对寒地水稻产量及品质的影响

发布时间：2018-04-26 02:35

本文选题：水稻 + 分蘖期　；参考：《黑龙江八一农垦大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：通过研究分蘖期氮水耦合对寒地水稻产量和品质的影响,为分蘖期合理施氮灌溉提供理论依据。本试验于2015~2016年采用完全随机设计,研究了分蘖期施氮量和土壤水分管理,2个因素对粳稻垦粳5号产量和品质的影响,旨在为黑龙江水稻高产优质节水节肥生产提供理论参考和技术支持。主要研究结果如下:1.垦粳5号整个生育期间各生育动态指标达到最佳时的处理不同,施用氮肥和水分供应有利于提高分蘖成穗率,施氮量相对于水分而言对其影响更大。以N4S3最高,其次是N3S3,且与产量呈显著正相关(r=0.523**)。叶面积指数在齐穗期时以处理N3S4最高,干物质量在结实期时以处理N3S4最高,并与产量均呈正相关(r=0.127、r=0.205);茎、鞘输出率、转化率以处理N5S3及N4S4最高,茎、鞘输出率分别达到了7.08%、27.71%,茎、鞘转化率以处理N3S4及N3S5最高,达到了3.76%、19.17%,适宜的肥水配合下明显提高水稻中后期的干物质积累效果,进而提高了产量。2.各生理指标达最优的处理不统一,但施氮量或水分过低过高均使生理指标变差,分蘖期植株全氮含量N4S4最多。抽穗期功能叶硝酸还原酶活性的影响,以处理N4S4活性最高。可溶性糖含量以处理N3S3的达最大值,较常规对照增加了6.72%。除硝酸还原酶活性与食味评分间呈不显著负相关以外,各生理指标与产量及食味评分间均呈正相关。各指标施氮量×水分间均存在极显著的互作效应(P0.01)。3.穗部上、中、下部位的一、二次枝梗数(除上部二次枝梗数)及粒数、粒重与产量的相关性均达到了极显著水平。2015及2016年均以施氮量为34.5kg·hm-2时,水层灌溉深度时3cm时为最佳配置,2015年产量高达13105.26 kg·hm-2,较空白下增产153.33%,差异达极显著水平;2016年产量达8937.28 kg·hm-2,较空白对照增产137.33%,差异达极显著水平,且施氮量×水分间的互作对产量的影响达极显著水平。4.在2015年,N3S3的食味评分比空白对照增加8.28%。在2016年,处理N3S3的食味评分最高,较常规对照增加1.02%。两年试验结果说明,N3S3为分蘖期氮水耦合水稻食味品质最优处理。施氮量×土壤水分管理之间的互作效应极显著(P0.01)。各品质指标得到明显改善。氮肥和水分适宜的用量有利于水稻产量和品质的提高。结果表明,分蘖期施氮量为34.5 kg·hm-2,水层灌溉深度为3cm时为本试验节水节肥最优处理。
[Abstract]:The effects of nitrogen and water coupling at tillering stage on yield and quality of rice in cold region were studied to provide theoretical basis for rational nitrogen application in tillering stage. In this experiment, a complete random design was used to study the effects of nitrogen application rate and soil moisture management at tillering stage on the yield and quality of japonica rice Kenjing 5 from 2015 to 2016. The aim is to provide theoretical reference and technical support for high yield, high quality, water saving and fertilizer saving production of Heilongjiang rice. The main results are as follows: 1. The treatments of Kengjing 5 during the whole growth period were different when the growth dynamic indexes reached the best. The application of nitrogen fertilizer and water supply was beneficial to increase the panicle rate of tiller, and the amount of nitrogen application had a greater effect on it than water. N4S3 was the highest, followed by N _ 3S _ 3, and there was a significant positive correlation between N4S3 and yield. The leaf area index was highest in treatment N3S4 at full heading stage, the highest in dry matter quality at fruiting stage, and positively correlated with yield, the output rate of stem and sheath was highest in treatment N5S3 and N4S4, the output rate of stem and sheath was 27.71, and the output rate of stem and sheath was 27.71, respectively, and the output rate of stem and sheath was the highest, and the output rate of stem and sheath was the highest. The sheath conversion rate was the highest in the treatment of N3S4 and N3S5, and reached 3.76 ~ 19.17. The dry matter accumulation in the middle and late stage of rice was obviously increased with the suitable combination of fertilizer and water, and the yield was increased by .2. The treatments with optimum physiological indexes were not uniform, but the nitrogen application rate or too high water content made the physiological indexes worse, and the total nitrogen content (N4S4) was the highest at tillering stage. The effect of nitrate reductase activity in functional leaves at heading stage was the highest in the treatment of N4S4. The content of soluble sugar in the treatment of N3S3 reached the maximum value, which increased 6.72% compared with the conventional control. There was no significant negative correlation between nitrate reductase activity and taste score, but there was a positive correlation between physiological indexes and yield and taste score. There was a very significant interaction effect between N application amount and water content in each index (P0.01U. 3). The correlation of the number of primary and secondary branches (except the upper secondary branches) and the number of grains, grain weight and yield in the upper, middle and lower parts of ear reached the extremely significant level. When the amount of nitrogen applied was 34.5kg hm-2 in 2015 and 2016, the correlation between grain weight and yield was very significant. The yield of 13105.26 kg hm ~ (-2) at 3cm irrigation depth was increased to 153.33. The difference reached a very significant level and 8937.28 kg 路hm ~ (-2), 137.33% higher than the blank control, the difference reached a very significant level, and the difference was very significant, compared with the blank control, the yield of the water layer irrigation was 13105.26 kg 路hm ~ (-2), and the difference was very significant. The effect of nitrogen application amount 脳 water content on yield was significant. 4. In 2015, the taste score of N 3 S 3 increased 8.28% compared with the control. In 2016, N3S3 had the highest taste score, with an increase of 1.02g compared with the normal control. The results of two years experiment showed that N _ 3s _ 3 was the best treatment of nitrogen-water coupling rice food quality at tillering stage. The interaction effect between N application amount and soil water management was very significant (P 0.01). Each quality index has been improved obviously. The suitable amount of nitrogen fertilizer and water was beneficial to the increase of rice yield and quality. The results showed that the optimum treatment of water-saving and fertilizer saving was when the nitrogen application rate was 34.5 kg hm-2 at tillering stage and the irrigation depth of water layer was 3cm.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江八一农垦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S511

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