小麦茎秆断裂强度和穗部性状QTL定位及分子标记开发

发布时间：2018-04-26 11:29

本文选题：普通小麦 + QTL定位　；参考：《山东农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：高产是小麦育种和生产中的永恒主题。小麦穗部性状中穗粒数和千粒重都属于产量三要素,对小麦产量有重要影响。茎秆强度是影响小麦产量和关系倒伏的重要因素,研究小麦茎秆强度的遗传机理,对改良小麦稳产性和抗倒性,从而提高小麦籽粒品质和产量潜力具有重要意义。因此,检测与小麦穗部和茎秆强度相关性状紧密关联的基因位点可以为小麦分子设计育种奠定基础。本研究以(山农01-35×藁城9411)173个F8:9株系的RIL群体和205份中国冬麦区小麦品种(系)组成的自然群体为材料。利用90 k小麦SNP基因芯片、DArT芯片技术及传统的分子标记技术构建的高密度遗传图谱和包含24355个SNP标记位点的复合遗传图谱进行了小麦穗部性状及小麦茎秆强度相关性状进行了QTL定位。并进行了茎秆强度的分子标记开发。获得主要结果如下:(1)通过连锁分析,在5个环境中共检测到35个控制穗部性状的QTL位点。其中,11个位点(QD1A.5-22、QFSN2D.1-40、QL4B.3-8、QFSN4B.4-17、QGN4B.4-17、QSL4B.4-17、QTSS4B.4-17、QGW4B.4-17、QGW5B.5-488、QL6B.7-3和QD6D.2-1)在多个环境中检测到,分布在1A、2D、4B、5B、6B和6D染色体上。同时,在区间EX_C101685至RAC875_C27536上检测到控制千粒重、穗长、穗粒数、可育小穗数、不育小穗数和总小穗数的QTL,解释表型变异率为5.40%-37.70%。(2)在4个环境中共检测到69个与穗部性状显著关联位点,除了4D、5D和6D染色体以外,几乎在所有染色体上都检测到。其中,包括6个在多环境中检测到的稳定关联位点;在2A和3A染色体上,4个一因多效性位点(RAC875_c9691_870、wsnp_Ra_c19079_28210937、BS00097939_51和RAC875_c56516_786)。(3)通过连锁分析,共检测到56个控制茎秆强度相关性状的QTL位点。其中,5个位点(Q2NJ1A.1-5、Q2CH2B.1-44、Q2ZJ4B.4-17、QWQD4B.4-13和Q2CH6B.1-13)在多个环境中检测到,是稳定的QTL位点,分布在1A、2B、4B和6B染色体上;在区间EX_C101685至RAC875_C27536上检测到控制2节内直径、2节直径、3节直径、2节重、3节重、株高、18d2节强度、27d2节强度和18d3节强度的QTL。(4)共检测到221个与茎秆强度性状显著关联位点,除了4D和6D染色体以外,几乎在所有染色体上都检测到。其中包括1个在多环境中检测到的稳定关联位点。19个一因多效性位点。(5)通过关联和连锁分析检测结果在染色体上位置的比对发现,在多个环境中4B染色体着丝粒附近RAC875_C27536_611至Tdurum_contig4974_355区段内,两种方法同时检测到控制粒重的位点;在5A染色体QTSS5A.7-43至BS00021805_51区段内同时检测到穗密度和总小穗数的位点;在3A染色体QD3A.2-164至RAC875_c17479_359区段内同时检测到控制穗长和穗粒数的位点。(6)根据SNP标记IACX557,开发了以限制性内切酶AluI为工具酶的QWQD4B.4-13标记。标记验证结果表明,QWQD4B.4-13是与茎秆强度紧密关联的分子标记,可用于分子标记辅助选择。
[Abstract]:High yield is the eternal theme in wheat breeding and production. The number of grains per ear and the weight of 1000 kernels in the panicle of wheat were all three factors of yield, which had an important effect on the yield of wheat. Stem strength is an important factor affecting wheat yield and lodging. It is of great significance to study the genetic mechanism of wheat stem strength to improve wheat yield stability and yield resistance and improve wheat grain quality and yield potential. Therefore, the detection of gene loci closely related to wheat ear and stem intensity can lay a foundation for wheat molecular design and breeding. In this study, a total of 173 F 8: 9 RIL populations and 205 natural populations of wheat varieties (lines) in winter wheat regions in China were used as materials in this study. (Shannong 01-35 脳 Gaocheng 9411). The high-density genetic map constructed by 90k wheat SNP gene chip and traditional molecular marker technique and the composite genetic map containing 24355 SNP marker sites were used to study the panicle traits and the wheat stem strength phase. QTL mapping of related traits was carried out. The molecular marker of stem strength was developed. The main results were as follows: (1) 35 QTL loci controlling panicle traits were detected in 5 environments by linkage analysis. Among them, 11 loci QD1A.5-22 QFSN2D.1-40 QFSN4B.3-8 QFSN4B.4-17 QGN4B.4-17 QSL4B.4-17 QTSS4B.4-17 QGW4B.4-17 QGW4B.4-17 QGW5B.5-488QL6B.7-3 and QD6D.2-1) were detected in a number of environments. At the same time, QTLs of controlling 1000-grain weight, panicle length, grain number per spike, fertile spikelet number, sterile spikelet number and total spikelet number were detected on interval EX_C101685 to RAC875_C27536, and explained phenotypic variation rate was 5.40-37.70.n.) 69 significant correlation sites with panicle traits were detected in 4 environments. With the exception of chromosome 4 D 5 D and chromosome 6 D, almost all chromosomes were detected. Among them, there were six stable association sites detected in multiple environments, and on chromosomes 2A and 3A, four multifunctional loci, RAC875C9691870wsnpS / s / s 28210937 / s / BS0009793951 and RAC875Sc56516786N. / 3), a total of 56 QTL loci controlling the intensity correlation of stems were detected on chromosomes 2A and 3A. Among them, Q2NJ1A.1-5 (Q2CH2B.1-4) Q2ZJ4B.4-17 QWQD4B.4-13 and Q2CH6B.1-13) were found to be stable QTL loci, distributed on chromosome 1A1NJ1A.1-5G and on chromosomes 1A2NJ1B.1-5N Q2CH2B.1-44Q2ZJ4B.4-17QWQD4B.4-13 and Q2CH6B.1-13). A total of 221 loci were found to be significantly associated with stem strength traits, except for chromosome 4D and chromosome 6D, and were detected on almost all chromosomes except for chromosome 4D and chromosome 6D. This includes 1 stable association locus detected in multiple environments. 19 polymorphic loci. In the RAC875_C27536_611 to Tdurum_contig4974_355 region near chromosome 4B centromere, the sites controlling grain weight were detected simultaneously by the two methods, and the spike density and the total spikelet number were detected simultaneously in the QTSS5A.7-43 to BS00021805_51 region of chromosome 5A. According to the SNP marker IACX557, a QWQD4B.4-13 marker using restriction endonuclease AluI as a tool enzyme was developed. The results showed that QWQD4B.4-13 was a molecular marker closely related to stem strength and could be used for molecular marker-assisted selection.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S512.1

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