三种粘虫近缘种生长发育、生殖和飞行行为的研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 13:36

本文选题：粘虫近缘种 + 年龄-发育期两性生命表　；参考：《华中农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：东方粘虫Mythimna separata(Walker)、劳氏粘虫Mythimna loreyi(Duponchel)和淡脉粘虫Mythimna roseilinea(Walker)都是世界性害虫。在我国常年混合发生为害对农业生产造成巨大的经济损失。其幼虫形态和蛹的形态极为相似难以辨认,给测报工作带来很大的困难。因此,明确三种粘虫的生物学特性对加强其种群的测报十分必要。此外,由于全球气候变化和我国种植结构的改变,明确温度和寄主植物对三种粘虫种群动态的影响及其差异,可为不同粘虫的控害提供依据。采用两性生命表技术对不同温度下三种粘虫的生长发育和种群预测进行分析,明确了三种粘虫之间发育历期和生命表参数的差异:淡脉粘虫未成熟期发育历期最长、生命表参数最低;发育期与温度负相关,随温度的升高各虫态的发育期显著缩短,随温度的升高内禀增长率r和周限增长率λ显著增加,平均世代周T显著降低;净增值率R0受高温和低温影响显著,东方粘虫和劳氏粘虫在24℃R0最大,淡脉粘虫R0在21和24℃最大但都小于其它两种粘虫。东方粘虫世代有效积温最大淡脉粘虫最低。不同温度下粘虫种群动态预测的结果表明,种群增长数量均在24℃时最大。应运飞行磨技术测试了三种粘虫的飞行能力及其差异:东方粘虫有最强的飞行能力而淡脉粘虫飞行最弱;东方粘虫在4日龄飞行能力最强,劳氏粘虫和淡脉粘虫都在3日龄飞行能力最强;18-30℃范围内,东方粘虫的飞行能力随温度升高而增强,劳氏粘虫在24℃飞行能力最强其它温度无差异,淡脉粘虫的飞行能力先随温度的升高而升高至27℃到达然后降低。自主飞行结果明确了三种粘虫的飞行节律并验证了吊飞试验的结果,1日龄和6日龄粘虫飞行活动较弱,劳氏粘虫和淡脉粘虫在24:00am后飞行活动逐渐增强,东方粘虫在整个暗期都有明显的飞行活动,飞行活动最活跃的时间为3:00-5:00 am。测试分析了三种粘虫的抗寒能力:三种粘虫都是在蛹期时过冷却点显著最低,表现为最适宜的越冬虫态;东方粘虫高龄幼虫期的过冷却点和蛹期无差异也可以作为越冬虫态;东方粘虫过冷却点和淡脉粘虫无差异但都显著低于劳氏粘虫,而劳氏粘虫在低温下的存活率显著较高;饲养温度对粘虫抗寒性影响显著,低温和高温饲养都能促使劳氏粘虫和淡脉粘虫的过冷却点降低,只有低温能使东方粘虫的过冷却点降低;粘虫的蛹重和性别对其抗寒性均无影响。明确了寄主植物对东方粘虫生长发育、飞行与抗寒能力的亲本效应:寄主植物对东方粘虫的生长发育、飞行能力和抗寒能力存在明显的亲本效应。亲本以小麦为寄主的幼虫期显著较长,以玉米为寄主的蛹期显著较长;两亲本的子代取食玉米时小麦亲本的子代幼虫期较长。亲本以玉米为寄主的蛹期显著较长,两亲本的子代取食小麦时玉米亲本的子代幼虫期较长。寄主植物对蛹重的影响同幼虫期。亲本以玉米为寄主蛹的过冷却点和结冰点显著较低雌雄蛹表现相同,两亲本的子代都取食玉米时玉米亲本的子代雌蛹过冷却点显著较低,而小麦亲本的子代雄蛹过冷却点较低。子代结冰点的变化同过冷却点。以玉米和小麦为寄主的亲代和子代在生殖和寿命方面均无显著差异。以玉米为寄主的亲代飞行时间和飞行距离均强于以小麦为寄主,两亲本的子代都取食小麦时玉米亲本的子代飞行时间显著较长。
[Abstract]:Mythimna separata (Walker), Mythimna loreyi (Duponchel) and Mythimna roseilinea (Walker) of Lloyd Lloyd is a worldwide pest. The occurrence of a perennial mixture in China causes huge economic losses to agricultural production. The morphology of the larvae and the form of the pupae are very similar and unrecognizable, which brings a great deal to the work of measuring and reporting. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the biological characteristics of three species of armyworm. In addition, the influence and difference of temperature and host plants on the population dynamics of three species of the species can be provided by the change of global climate and the change of the planting structure in China. The growth and population prediction of three species of armyworm at different temperatures were analyzed, and the difference between the development period and the life table parameters between the three species of armyworm was clarified: the growth period of the immature stage of the light vein of M. armyworm was the longest, the life table was the lowest, the development period was negatively correlated with the temperature, and the development period of each insect state decreased with the temperature, with the temperature. The intrinsic growth rate R and the circumferential growth rate [lambda] increased significantly, and the average generation T decreased significantly, and the net increment rate R0 was significantly affected by high temperature and low temperature. Oriental and Lloyd's R0 were the largest at 24 C, R0 at 21 and 24 degrees centigrade, but less than the other two species. The population dynamic prediction at the temperature showed that the population growth was the largest at 24 degrees. The flight ability of three species of armyworm was measured by the flying milling technique and the difference was found: Oriental armyworm had the strongest flying ability while the light pulse was the weakest, the oriental armyworm was the strongest in 4 days of age, and 3. In the range of 18-30 degrees, the flying ability of oriental armyworm increased with the temperature, and the other temperatures of the strongest flight at 24 C were no difference. The flight ability of the light veined armyworm first increased to 27 degrees C and then decreased with the increase of temperature. The flight rhythm of three species of armyworm was determined and tested. The flight activity of 1 days and 6 days of age was weak. The flight activity of the 1 days and the 6 days was gradually increased. The flight activity of the oriental armyworm and the light pulse was gradually enhanced, and the oriental armyworm had a distinct flight activity throughout the dark period. The most active time of the flight activity was to analyze the cold resistance of three species of the armyworm: three species of armyworm. The over cooling point at the pupal stage is the lowest, showing the most suitable overwintering insect state. The over cooling and pupal stage of the oriental armyworm can be used as the overwintering insect, and the over cooling point and the light vein of the oriental armyworm are significantly lower than that of Lloyd's, but the survival rate of the Lloyd's worm at low temperature is significantly higher. The degree of low temperature and high temperature feeding could reduce the supercooling point of M. Lloyd and the light pulse. Only the low temperature could reduce the over cooling point of oriental armyworm, and the pupal weight and sex of the armyworm had no effect on its cold resistance. Effect: the host plants have obvious parental effect on the growth, development, flying ability and cold resistance of the oriental armyworm. The parent of the parent is significantly longer in the larval stage of the host of wheat, and the pupae period with corn as the host is significantly longer; the offspring of the two parent's offspring are longer in the offspring of the parent of the wheat. The parent's parent is the host of the pupa. The progeny of the parents of the two parent was longer. The effect of the host plant on the pupae weight of the host plant was the same as that in the larval stage. The parent of the parent was the same as the supercooling point of the maize as the host pupa and the lower male and female chrysalis at the freezing point. The offspring of the two parent were significantly more than the female parent of the maize. The over cooling point of the progeny pupae of the progeny of the parents of the wheat was lower. The change of the freezing point of the progeny was the same as the over cooling point. There was no significant difference in the reproduction and life of the parents and the progeny of the maize and wheat. The parent generation time and distance of the maize as the host were stronger than the wheat as the host, and the offspring of the two parents were all feeding on the wheat. The flight time of the progeny of the parent of maize was significantly longer.

【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S433.4

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