水稻粒形、粒重和柱头外露QTL定位及效应验证

发布时间：2018-04-30 15:11

本文选题：水稻 + 粒形　；参考：《华中农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：水稻的粒形(粒长、粒宽、长宽比、粒厚)是决定粒重的因素之一,进而会影响产量。同时,粒形影响了谷粒的外观品质和食用质量,还涉及到谷物的市场价值和消费者倾向。水稻的柱头外露率影响了杂交水稻的制种产量。水稻粒形、千粒重和柱头外露率的研究对于水稻的遗传改良和育种都有重要意义。本研究利用籼型光温敏核不育系广占63-4S和优质籼型常规稻Dodda杂交衍生的F2群体、F3群体和BC1F2群体,对控制水稻粒形、千粒重和柱头外露率的QTL(数量性状位点)进行定位和验证分析。1.利用SSR标记检测F2群体(2014年)和F3群体(2015年)中的QTL,共检测到控制粒长的QTL 13个,分布在第1、3、4、5、6、8、9和11染色体上,解释表型变异率的范围为0.03%-25.39%;控制粒宽的QTL 7个,分布在第2、4、8、11和12染色体上,解释表型变异率的范围为4.58%-13.97%;控制谷粒长宽比的QTL9个,分布在第1、2、3、7、8、9、11和12染色体上,解释表型变异率的范围为1.46%-10.00%;控制粒厚的QTL 10个,分布在第2、3、4、7和11染色体上,解释表型变异率的范围为0.17%-20.98%;控制千粒重的QTL 11个,分布在第1、2、3、4、6、7和11染色体上,解释表型变异率的范围为0.83%-20.68%。2.利用SNP标记检测F2群体(2014年)和F3群体(2015年和2016年)中的QTL,共检测到控制粒长的QTL 18个,分布在第1、3、4、5、6、9和11染色体上,解释表型变异率的范围为0.29%-24.96%;控制粒宽的QTL 11个,分布在第1、2、4、5、6、8、9和11染色体上,解释表型变异率的范围为0.06%-20.66%;控制谷粒长宽比的QTL 23个,分布在第2、3、4、5、6、8、9、11和12染色体上,解释表型变异率的范围为0.06%-17.80%;控制粒厚的QTL 20个,分布在第1、2、3、4、6、7、8、9和11染色体上,解释表型变异率的范围为0.05%-26.64%;控制千粒重的QTL 12个,分布在第1、2、3、5、6、7和11染色体上,解释表型变异率的范围为0.04%-18.47%。3.利用SNP标记(中种RICE6K芯片)检测F3群体(2016年)中的QTL位点,共检测到控制柱头外露的QTL位点20个,其中控制柱头单露率的QTL位点11个,分布在第2、5、6、9号染色体上,解释表型变异率的范围为0.14%-52.82%;控制柱头双露率的QTL位点9个,分布在第5、6、9和11号染色体上,解释表型变异率的范围为0.51%-31.59%。4.为了证实水稻粒形、千粒重和柱头外露QTL的遗传效应,我们利用MAS方法,构建了广占63-4S背景下的BC1F2群体,验证了SSR分析检测到的8个粒形和千粒重的QTL,解释表型变异率范围为0.09%-19.55%;验证了SNP分析检测到的11个粒形和千粒重的QTL,解释表型变异率范围为2.29%-19.55%;验证了SNP分析检测到的2个单柱头外露的QTL位点,解释表型变异率分别为6.68%、12.77%。
[Abstract]:Grain shape (grain length, grain width, ratio of length to width, grain thickness) is one of the determinants of grain weight, which will affect grain yield. At the same time, the grain shape affects the appearance quality and edible quality of grain, and also relates to the market value and consumer tendency of grain. The stigma exserted rate of rice affected the seed yield of hybrid rice. The study of rice grain shape, 1000-grain weight and stigma exsertion rate is of great importance to the genetic improvement and breeding of rice. In this study, the rice grain shape was controlled by F _ 2 population F _ 3 population and BC1F2 population derived from GMS line Guang Zang 63-4S and good quality indica rice Dodda hybrid. The QTL (quantitative trait loci) of 1000 grain weight and stigma exsertion rate were mapped and verified. Using SSR markers to detect QTLs in F2 population (2014) and F3 population (2015), 13 QTL were detected, which were distributed on chromosomes 1 and 11. The range of phenotypic variation was 0.03- 25.39C, and that of QTL controlling grain width was 7. The phenotypic variation rate was 4.58% -13.97, and the QTL9, which controlled grain aspect ratio, was distributed on chromosomes 1 and 12. The range of phenotypic variation rates was 1.46-10.000.10 QTL with grain thickness were controlled. The phenotypic variation rate was 0.17% -20.98, and 11 QTL, which controlled 1000-grain weight, were distributed on chromosomes 1 and 11. The range of phenotypic variation rates was 0.83- 20.68%, and the range of phenotypic variation rate was 0.83- 20.68%, and the phenotypic variation rate was 0.83- 20.68%. Using SNP markers to detect QTLs in F2 population (2014) and F3 population (2015 and 2016), 18 QTL controlling grain length were detected, which were distributed on chromosomes 1 and 11. The range of phenotypic variation rates was 0.29-24.96, and that of QTL controlling grain width was 11. Distributed on chromosomes 1 and 11, the rate of phenotypic variation was 0.06- 20.66; QTL, which controlled grain aspect ratio, was distributed on chromosomes 2H 3H 4H 5N 6N 8N 9N and chromosome 12, and explained phenotypic variation rates in the range of 0.06- 17.80; QTL 20 controlled grain thickness, and so did the phenotypic variation rate (P < 0.05), and the phenotypic variation rate was 0.06- 17.80% (P < 0.05), and the percentage of phenotypic variation was 0.06- 17.80 (P < 0.05). The phenotypic variation rate was 0.05- 26.64 and 12 QTL, which controlled 1000-grain weight, were distributed on chromosomes 1 and 11, and the range of phenotypic variation rates was 0.04- 18.47.3.The phenotypic variation rate was 0.04- 18.47.3. The QTL loci in F3 population (2016) were detected by SNP marker (RICE6K chip), and 20 QTL loci were detected to control stigma exposure. Among them, 11 QTL loci were found to control stigma monolith rate, which were distributed on chromosomes 25 and 69. The range of phenotypic variation rate was 0.14- 52.82, and the nine QTL loci which controlled the rate of double exposure of stigma were distributed on chromosomes 5, 6, 9 and 11, and the range of explaining phenotypic variation rates was 0.51-31.59.4.The results showed that the phenotypic variation rate was 0.14% -52.82%. In order to confirm the genetic effects of rice grain shape, 1000-grain weight and stigma exserted QTL, we constructed a large BC1F2 population under 63-4S background by using MAS method. The QTLs of 8 grain shapes and 1000-grain weight detected by SSR analysis were verified, and the phenotypic variation rate was 0.09-19.55.The QTLs of 11 grain shapes and 1000-grain weight detected by SNP analysis were verified, and the phenotypic variation rates were 2.29- 19.55g, respectively, and the SNP analysis was verified. To two single stigma exposed QTL loci, The rate of phenotypic variation explained was 6.68% and 12.77%, respectively.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S511

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