螺杆弓齿式轴流全喂入花生摘机关键部件试验研究

发布时间：2018-05-02 14:43

  本文选题：花生 + 轴流式　； 参考：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：花生是中国主要的经济作物,2016年我国花生总产量为1.7×103kt,位居世界第一,花生种植面积虽然很大,目前主要依靠人工和小型机械进行分段收获,作业成本高且收获效率低,同时,难以在最佳时期收获,会使得荚果损失增大、使花生品质和种植效益都降低,严重限制花生生产与出口。摘果是花生收获过程中的必经且重要环节,摘果装置的摘果性能决定了收获效率和收获后的花生品质。本论文的研究内容得到国家自然科学基金"全喂入花生摘果动态损伤机理与低损伤摘果机构研究"(项目编号:51575367)和国家重点研发计划"智能农机装备"重点专项:"智能化油料作物收获技术与装备研发"(项目编号:2016YFD0702100)的实施,基于对国外花生收获机械化技术特别是摘果装置研究技术的分析,针对我国花生摘果装置存在的诸多问题,如:秧蔓缠绕、摘果效率低、荚果破损率高和荚果清洁率差,以及对传统摘果装置的深入剖析。研制出螺杆弓齿轴流式花生摘果装置并进行摘果装置的试验研究。不同品种花生植株物理机械特性试验研究。测量了收获后的花生植株形状及在不同晾晒时间的含水率;分析了花生果柄、秧柄、柄果抗拉强度与含水率的关系,分析了花生秸秆抗剪强度受含水率的影响;测量了花生植株与钢板、橡胶、塑料表面的摩擦系数。为花生摘果机构的研制奠定基础。轴流式全喂入花生摘果装置方案确定。对比分析了全喂入和半喂入花生摘果装置的总体结构、工作原理和摘果效率等特点,为了提高摘净率和降低破损率,并且设计出适合我国国情的花生摘果装置,本文的摘果装置设计方案选用全喂入轴流式花生摘果装置。摘果装置关键部件设计。研究花生植株在摘果过程中的受力与运动规律、合理确定摘果螺杆的螺旋角度取值范围;设计并确定了摘果滚筒的长度、直径、转速的取值范围、螺杆与滚筒母线的夹角、弓齿的结构和排列、凹板筛的种类和结构尺寸等;以花育30为试验对象,对花生摘果各摘出物漂浮系数和漂浮速度的规律进行研究,对振动筛清选装置结构与参数进行设计。花生摘果装置性能试验对比分析。通过对花生品种、摘果间隙、喂入量和滚筒转速等影响花生摘果的各因素进行了单因素试验,结果表明摘果间隙、喂入量和滚筒转速对摘果装置摘果性能影响较大,并以此为试验因素,对双头螺杆弓齿式和三头螺杆弓齿式摘果装置进行了性能试验对比分析,并对试验结果进行了优化和验证。
[Abstract]:Peanut is the main cash crop in China. In 2016, the total yield of peanut in China was 1.7 脳 10 ~ 3kt, ranking first in the world. Although peanut planting area is very large, at present it mainly depends on manual and small machinery for segmental harvesting, which has high operating cost and low harvesting efficiency. At the same time, It is difficult to harvest in the best period, which will increase the loss of pods, reduce the quality and benefit of peanut planting, and restrict the production and export of peanut seriously. Picking fruit is an essential and important link in peanut harvesting process. The fruit picking performance of the fruit picking device determines the harvest efficiency and the peanut quality after harvest. The research contents of this paper were obtained by the National Natural Science Foundation of China "the Mechanism of dynamic damage of fully fed Peanut Fruit picking and the Research of low damage picking Mechanism" (item No. 51575367) and the key item of the National key R & D Program "Intelligent Agricultural Machinery equipment": " Intelligent Research and Development of Oil crop harvesting Technology and equipment (Project No.: 2016YFD0702100), Based on the analysis of foreign peanut harvesting mechanization technology, especially the research technology of fruit-picking device, this paper aims at the problems existing in the peanut fruit-picking device in China, such as twining seedlings, low picking efficiency, high pods breakage rate and poor pods cleaning rate. And the deep analysis of the traditional fruit picking device. An axial flow peanut fruit picking device with screw bow tooth was developed and the experimental study was carried out. Experimental study on physical and Mechanical Properties of different Peanut varieties. The shape of peanut plant after harvest and the moisture content in different drying time were measured, and the relationship between the tensile strength of peanut stalk, seedling stalk, handle fruit and moisture content was analyzed, and the effect of moisture content on the shearing strength of peanut straw was analyzed. The friction coefficient of peanut with steel, rubber and plastic surfaces was measured. It lays a foundation for the development of peanut fruit picking mechanism. The scheme of axial flow full feeding peanut picking device was determined. The general structure, working principle and fruit picking efficiency of full-fed and semi-fed peanut picking devices were compared and analyzed. In order to increase the picking rate and reduce the damage rate, a peanut picking device suitable for the national conditions of our country was designed. In this paper, the design of the fruit picking device selected the full feed-in-axial flow peanut fruit picking device. Design of key components of Fruit picking device. The stress and motion of peanut plant during fruit picking were studied, and the range of spiral angle of fruit picking screw was reasonably determined, and the length, diameter, rotation speed, angle between screw and roller busbar were designed and determined. The structure and arrangement of arch teeth, the type and size of concave sieve, and so on. Taking Huayuo 30 as experimental object, the floating coefficient and floating speed of peanut fruit picking were studied, and the structure and parameters of cleaning device for vibrating screen were designed. Comparison and Analysis of performance Test of Peanut Fruit picking device. Single factor experiments were carried out on peanut variety, gap, feeding rate and rotary speed of roller. The results showed that the gap of picking, feeding amount and rotational speed of cylinder had a great influence on the performance of fruit picking device. The performance of twin-screw bow gear and three-screw bow tooth picking device was compared and analyzed, and the test results were optimized and verified.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S225.73
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本文编号：1834340