调亏灌溉对酿酒葡萄综合特性及葡萄酒质量的影响

发布时间：2018-05-02 22:42

本文选题：酿酒葡萄 + 葡萄酒　；参考：《宁夏大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：针对宁夏贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄主栽区存在大水漫灌引起的水资源浪费、酿酒葡萄与葡萄酒品质不稳定等问题,以5年生酿酒葡萄“赤霞珠”为试材,通过田间试验,采用滴灌下调亏灌溉方法,探讨调亏灌溉对酿酒葡萄生长发育、产量品质以及葡萄酒质量的影响,揭示调亏灌溉与各项指标间的相互关系,以期确定最佳调亏灌溉程度和时期,建立稳定的调亏灌溉制度,完善酿酒葡萄品质监控体系,为推动贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄节水灌溉和优质高效栽培提供科学依据。主要结果如下:(1)调亏灌溉对葡萄生长发育的影响:随着调亏灌溉程度的增加,副梢长、新梢长以及副梢发生数均呈减少趋势,对叶面积也产生抑制作用,尤其50%CK处理下叶面积相比CK减少了 14.42%;90%CK处理提高了叶柄全氮、全磷含量,相比80%CK处理来说,关键生育期调亏灌溉有利于叶柄全钾含量的提升,同时,显著降低了秋梢发生数。膨大期-着色期灌水3次有助于增加百叶鲜重。(2)调亏灌溉对葡萄生理功能的影响:SPAD值随着调亏灌溉程度的增加表现为减少趋势,叶片净光合速率以及蒸腾速率在一天内呈现双峰变化,调亏灌溉降低了净光合速率,但80%CK处理提高正午时段的水分有效利用率。膨大期-着色期灌水3次有助于提升SPAD值,同时,对净光合速率蒸腾速率、水分有效利用率有明显提升作用。此外,在花后50d,丙二醛、脯氨酸以及可溶性糖的含量均呈现显著增加趋势,座果期-膨大期灌水3次,膨大期-着色期灌水4次显著降低了可溶性蛋白含量,并提升CAT活性。(3)调亏灌溉对葡萄园土壤理化性质的影响:土壤水分随着调亏程度加深总体表现为先增加后减少的趋势,80%CK处理下土壤水分变化较为稳定;调亏灌溉可显著增加20-40 cm根活力,膨大期-着色期灌水3次相比80%CK根活力增加了 12.42%;此外,80%CK处理提高了脲酶、碱性磷酸酶以及蔗糖酶的活性。相关性系数矩阵表明根活力与蔗糖酶活性以及过氧化氢酶活性均呈显著正相关,土壤含水量与根活力呈现极显著正相关。(4)调亏灌溉对葡萄产量和品质的影响:80%CK处理提高了酿酒葡萄的可溶性固形物和还原糖含量,同时降低了可滴定酸含量,还提高了总酚含量;花色苷含量在70%CK处理下最高,CK与50%CK两个处理的单宁含量得到明显提升;相比80%CK处理来说,膨大期-着色期灌水3次处理下可溶性固形物增加了 2.95%;还原糖含量相对增加了 0.91%,花色苷增加了 2.63%,保持单宁含量处于合理范围:此外,膨大期-着色期适当的调亏灌溉有助于增加果穗长但降低粒径,产量略有减少。(5)调亏灌溉对葡萄酒品质的影响:调亏灌溉对葡萄酒pH影响不大,酒精度、残糖随着调亏灌溉程度增加表现为先增加后降低趋势,干浸出物与酒精度成反比,80%CK处理提高了色度含量。初次发酵后80%CK处理葡萄酒花色苷含量显著增加,二次发酵结束后80%CK处理单宁含量显著降低,但总酚含量最高,相对CK增幅为28.74%。关键生育期调亏灌溉均能增加葡萄酒花色苷含量,膨大期-着色期灌水3次处理下酒的总酚增加了 6.42%;通过建立相关系数矩阵可以得出:pH与总酸呈现极显著负相关,相关系数达到0.95,干浸出物与残糖呈现极显著负相关,色度与总酚、花色苷呈现极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.92、0.93,基于主成分分析法进行综合评价得出80%CK处理下葡萄酒评分最高,即质量最佳。
[Abstract]:In view of the waste of water resources caused by flood irrigation in the main planting area of the Shandong foothills of Helan, Ningxia, and the instability of wine grape and wine quality, the 5 year old wine grape "Cabernet Sauvignon" was used as the test material. The field experiment was carried out to discuss the growth and development of wine grape and yield and quality by drip irrigation. As well as the influence of wine quality, the relationship between regulation deficit irrigation and various indexes is revealed, in order to determine the best degree and period of irrigation and deficit irrigation, establish a stable regulation of deficit irrigation, improve the quality monitoring system of wine grapes, and provide scientific basis for promoting water saving irrigation and high quality and efficient cultivation of wine grapes in the Shandong foothills of Helan. The results are as follows: (1) the effect of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on the growth and development of grapes: with the increase of the degree of deficit irrigation, the length of the tip, the length of the shoot and the number of the tip of the leaves decrease, and the leaf area also inhibits the leaf area, especially the area of the leaves of the 50%CK treatment is 14.42% less than that of the CK; the 90%CK treatment improves the total nitrogen and total phosphorus content of the petiole, compared with the 80%CK. At the same time, 3 times of coloring period irrigation could help to increase the fresh weight of the leaf. (2) the effect of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on the physiological function of grape: the SPAD value decreased with the increase of regulation deficit irrigation range and the net photosynthetic rate of leaves. And the transpiration rate showed Shuangfeng changes in one day, and regulated deficit irrigation reduced the net photosynthetic rate, but 80%CK treatment improved the effective utilization of water in the midday period. The 3 times of the swollen period - coloring period was helpful to improve the SPAD value. At the same time, the net photosynthetic rate transpiration rate and the effective utilization of water had a significant improvement. In addition, 50D, C after the flower. The content of two aldehyde, proline and soluble sugar showed a significant increase, 3 times in the pedestal period, and 3 times in the expansion period. The soluble protein content was significantly reduced by 4 times of the coloring period irrigation, and the CAT activity was promoted. (3) the effect of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on the physical and chemical properties of the vineyard soil: the overall performance of soil moisture with the increase of the degree of regulation increased first. In addition, the trend of soil moisture content under 80%CK treatment was more stable; regulated deficit irrigation could significantly increase the activity of 20-40 cm root, and 3 times of coloring phase irrigation increased the activity of 80%CK root by 12.42%; in addition, 80%CK treatment improved the activity of urease, alkaline phosphatase and sucrase. The correlation coefficient matrix showed that root activity and sucrose There was a significant positive correlation between enzyme activity and catalase activity. The soil water content and root activity showed significant positive correlation. (4) the effect of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on the yield and quality of grape: 80%CK treatment improved the soluble solid and reducing sugar content of wine grape, reduced the titratable acid content, and increased the total phenol content; anthocyanin The content of tannins in two treatments of CK and 50%CK was significantly increased under the treatment of 70%CK. Compared with 80%CK treatment, the soluble solids increased by 2.95% under the 3 treatment period of the coloring period; the reducing sugar content increased by 0.91%, anthocyanins increased by 2.63%, and the tannin content was in a reasonable range: in addition, the swelling period - The appropriate deficit irrigation during the coloring period could help to increase the ear length but reduce the grain size and reduce the yield slightly. (5) the effect of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on wine quality: the effect of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on wine pH was not significant, the alcohol degree was increased first and then decreased with the increase of the degree of regulated deficit irrigation, and the dry leach was inversely proportional to the alcohol degree, and the 80%CK treatment was carried out. After the first fermentation, the content of anthocyanins in 80%CK treatment increased significantly. After the two fermentation, the content of tannin in 80%CK treatment was significantly lower, but the content of total phenol was the highest. The relative CK increase was 28.74%. key growth period regulation deficit irrigation can increase the content of anthocyanins in wine, and the total phenol in the expanded period - coloring period was treated with 3 times of total phenol. The increase of 6.42% is 6.42%. By establishing the correlation coefficient matrix, it can be found that there is a very significant negative correlation between the total acid and the total acid, the correlation coefficient reaches 0.95, the dry leach has a very significant negative correlation with the residual sugar, the chromaticity and the total phenol, anthocyanins have a very significant positive correlation, the correlation coefficient is 0.92,0.93, based on the principal component analysis to make a comprehensive evaluation of 80%CK The highest quality is the quality of the wine.

【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S663.1;TS262.6

【参考文献】