日粮蛋白质水平对藏羊生长性能及泌尿组织损伤影响的研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 02:38

本文选题：蛋白质水平 + 藏羊　；参考：《青海大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本研究结合青海藏羊生产实际及其营养需要,对不同蛋白质水平下藏羊生长性能、血清指标、尿液指标、尿沉渣指标、泌尿组织损伤及结石成分进行了研究,旨在探究既能促进藏羊生长发育,又能降低尿路感染而引起发病的合理日粮蛋白质水平,为促进舍饲藏羊高效生产提供理论依据。试验选取90只2月龄断奶藏羔羊,随机分为3组,分别饲喂同能量不同蛋白质水平,即10.8%(LP,low protein))、12.0%(MP,middle protein)、13.2%(HP,high protein)三种蛋白质水平日粮,试验期127d,其中预饲期7d,正试期120d。主要结果如下:(1)生长性能:60~90d、90~120d和0~120d平均日增重,MP组分别高出LP组和HP组,其中在60~90d MP组分别高出LP组和HP组20.06%和16.51%(P0.05),90~120d MP组分别高出LP组和HP组21.47%和18.75%(P0.05);0~120d MP组分别高出LP组和HP组19.39%和6.39%(P0.05);料重比,MP组最低,单位成本增重和净收入,MP组最高。(2)肌纤维特性:在10.8%~13.2%的日粮蛋白质水平下,藏羊肌肉肌纤维直径、面积与蛋白质水平和饲养天数呈正相关,而肌纤维密度则正相反。(3)血清指标:120d,Ig A,MP组分别显著高于LP、HP组(P0.05);IgG,MP组高于LP组(P0.05),略高于HP组(P0.05);Ig M,MP组LP组HP组(P0.05);总蛋白,MP、HP之间差异不显著(P0.05),高于LP(P0.05);白蛋白,MP组LP组HP组(P0.05);白球比MP组LP组(P0.05),MP组HP组(P0.05);尿素氮、肌酐、尿素氮/肌酐、层黏蛋白、IV型胶原及磷离子、镁离子、钾离子、氨,HP组显著高于MP组和LP组(P0.05);抗利尿激素,HP组显著低于LP、MP组(P0.05)。(4)尿液指标:120d,总蛋白、尿素氮/肌酐、钙、磷、镁、钾离子,HP组显著高于LP和MP组(P0.05),而尿素氮、肌酐HP组显著低于LP、MP组(P0.05)。(5)尿沉渣指标:60d,尿沉渣白细胞,LP组分别显著高于MP、HP组(P0.05),电导率,LP组MP组HP组P0.05),细菌,LP组MP组HP组;120d,白细胞、红细胞、上皮细胞、结晶、类酵母菌、小圆细胞、细菌,HP组显著高于LP、MP组(P0.05),电导率,HP组分别显著低于LP、MP组(P0.05),且HP组有管型。(6)泌尿系统组织的观察:LP、MP组泌尿组织未出现明显损伤。HP组肾小球上皮细胞呈局灶性增生,充血,官腔闭塞,肾小球体积变大,肾小囊和肾小管肿胀。输尿管管腔内出现细胞碎片,粘膜细胞充血,固有层及肌层细胞细胞核消失,细胞呈空泡样改变,毛细血管扩张,充血。膀胱黏膜脱落,变得参差不齐,且充斥着大量红细胞,膀胱粘膜层及固有膜层内毛细血管扩张,充血,固有膜层内有白色蛋白样物质渗出,膀胱肌层细胞内呈空泡样改变。阴茎管腔内出现细胞碎片,粘膜细胞增生,且排列紊乱。多数细胞器消失,线粒体肿胀。(7)膀胱结石的观察与分析:膀胱结石为白色块状,直径为0.05~2mm,硬度小,质地脆,易揉成粉末。主要成分为Mg(NH_4)PO_4·6H_2O,次要成分为Mg KPO_4·6H_2O。
[Abstract]:In this study, the growth performance, serum index, urine index, urinary sediment index, urinary tissue injury and stone composition of Tibetan sheep under different protein levels were studied in combination with the actual production and nutritional needs of Qinghai Tibetan sheep. The aim of this study was to explore the rational dietary protein level which could promote the growth and development of Tibetan sheep and reduce the incidence of urinary tract infection, and provide a theoretical basis for promoting the efficient production of Tibetan sheep in house feeding. 90 2-month-old weaned Tibetan lambs were randomly divided into three groups. The diets were fed with different protein levels at the same energy level, I. e. 10.8 LPlow protein level and 12.0% MPmiddle protein level. The experiment period was 127 days, including 7 days in prefeeding period and 120 days in positive test period. The main results were as follows: (1) the average daily gain (ADG) MP of the growth performance of the two groups was higher than that of LP group and HP group, respectively, in 120d and 120d, respectively, and the average daily gain of MP group was higher than that of LP group and HP group. On the 60th day, the MP levels in the MP group were 20.06% and 16.51% higher than those in LP group and HP group, respectively, and 21.47% and 18.75% higher in LP group and HP group than in LP group and HP group, respectively, and 19.39% and 6.39P0.05% higher in MP group and 6.39P0.05% in HP group, respectively. Under the dietary protein level of 10.8%, the diameter and area of muscle fiber in Tibetan sheep were positively correlated with protein level and feeding days. The density of muscle fiber was opposite.) the serum index of myofibrillar density was significantly higher in IgAMP group than that in LP group (P 0.05), and slightly higher than that in HP group (P 0.05), Ig MMP group in LP group (P 0.05), the difference of total protein MPHP in HP group was not significant (P 0.05), and that in albumin MP group was higher than that in LP group (P < 0.05), while that in LP group was higher than that in LP group (P < 0.05). P0. 05, P0. 05, P0. 05, P0. 05, P0. 05, urea-nitrogen, in LP, MP, LP, MP, HP, P0. 05, P0. 05, P0. 05, Creatinine, urea nitrogen / creatinine, laminin type IV collagen and phosphorus ion, magnesium ion, potassium ion, ammonia group HP group were significantly higher than MP group and LP group (P 0.05), and antidiuretic hormone HP group was significantly lower than LPMP group (P 0.05) urine index, total protein, urea nitrogen / creatinine, calcium, calcium, total protein, urea nitrogen / creatinine, calcium, total protein, urea nitrogen / creatinine. P, mg, K + + HP group was significantly higher than LP and MP group (P 0.05), but urea nitrogen was higher in HP group than in LP and MP group. The urinary sediment index of HP group was significantly lower than that of LPMP group (P 0.05, P < 0.05). The urinary sediment index of LP group was significantly higher than that of MPHP group (P 0.05), the electrical conductivity of LP group was significantly higher than that of LP group (MP group P 0.05N), bacterial LP group MP group (P < 0.01), white blood cell, erythrocyte, epithelial cell, crystallization, yeasts. Small round cells in HP group were significantly higher than those in LPMP group (P 0.05), the electrical conductivity in HP group was significantly lower than that in LPMP group (P 0.05), and the urinary system tissue in HP group had tubular type. The urinary tissue of the HP group was not significantly damaged. The glomerular epithelial cells in HP group showed focal hyperplasia. Congestive, obliterated, glomerular volume, renal capsule and tubule swelling. Cell fragments appeared in the ureteral cavity, mucosal cells were congested, the nuclei of the lamina propria and myometrium disappeared, the cells were vacuolated, capillaries dilated and congested. Bladder mucous membrane fell off, became uneven, and filled with a large number of red blood cells, bladder mucosa and lamina propria capillaries dilated, hyperemia, the lamina propria of white protein-like substances exudate, bladder myometrial cells showed vacuolar changes. Cell fragments appeared in the penile lumen, mucosal cells proliferated and arranged in disorder. Most organelles disappeared and mitochondria swelling. 7) observation and analysis of bladder stone: the bladder stone is white block, diameter is 0.05 ~ 2 mm, hardness is small, texture is brittle, easy to knead into powder. The main component is Mg(NH_4)PO_4 6H _ 2O and the minor component is mg KPO_4 _ 6H _ 2O.
【学位授予单位】：青海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S826.5

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