鲇精巢发生、发育规律及其精子特性研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 06:44

本文选题：鲇 + 精巢　；参考：《河南师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：鲇(Silurus asotus),属鲇形目(Siluriformes)、鲇科(Siluridae)、鲇属(Silurus)。以鲇仔鱼、稚鱼、幼鱼和成熟雄性鲇为对象,系统研究了鲇性腺发生及精巢分化、精巢发育、成熟精巢周期性变化、精子结构和精子活力特征等项内容。研究主要结果如下:1.鲇性腺发生和精巢分化时间鲇性腺的发生始于鲇出膜后3日龄,生殖嵴的出现为起始标志。性腺分化发生在鲇18日龄~40日龄:卵巢分化开始于鲇18日龄,标志为卵巢腔的形成,卵巢分化完成于鲇24日龄,此时卵巢内出现大量初级卵母细胞;精巢分化于30日龄,标志为输精管的出现;而精巢分化完成于鲇40日龄,标志为精巢内出现大量初级精母细胞。2.鲇精巢发育根据精巢形态特征,结合精子发生的组织学和细胞学特点,将鲇精巢从分化后至发育成熟分为6个时期:Ⅰ期精巢(2月龄)为1对细丝,透明或淡黄色,长"f2mm,重"f0.03g,组织切片可见少量精原细胞分散于间质细胞群间;Ⅱ期精巢(3月龄~5月龄)呈”V”形,半透明或白色,表面光滑,无明显血管,长"f35 mm,重0.02 g~0.12 g,组织切片可见精原细胞增多;Ⅲ期精巢(6月龄~8月龄)边缘凹凸不平,稍皱褶,少量毛细血管,呈淡粉色,长40 mm~62 mm,重1.0 g~3.73 g,组织切片中可见精母细胞;Ⅳ期精巢(9月龄~11月龄)呈分枝不明显的树枝状,白色或淡红色,表面褶皱明显,血管粗而多,长81 mm~109 mm,重1.8 g~4.8 g,组织切片可见精子细胞;Ⅴ期精巢,已成熟,分枝明显,白色或淡红色,长89 mm~117 mm,重2.34 g~5.0 g,组织切片可见大量成熟精子;Ⅵ期精巢为排精后的精巢,其体积缩小,血管收缩,组织切片可见少量发育不成熟的精子。3.鲇成熟精巢周期性变化春季(2月~4月)精巢呈淡粉色,不饱满,血管不明显,处于Ⅲ~Ⅳ期。夏季(5月~8月)精巢呈白色或淡红色,血管显著,成熟系数为1.24%~1.83%,处于Ⅳ~Ⅴ期;7月的精巢已充分成熟,即处于第Ⅴ期,可进行人工催产。秋季(9月~11月)鲇精巢呈白色或米黄色;鲇已经排过精子,精巢明显萎缩,成熟系数下降至0.75%,处于Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期和Ⅵ期。冬季(12月~翌年2月)鲇精巢呈米黄色,其内精子退化。4.成熟精巢结构鲇精巢分为白膜和实质两部分,实质主要由小叶间质、精小叶、贮精囊和输出管构成。小叶间质由间质细胞、微血管和纤维结缔组织组成。精小叶呈不规则的管状结构,其壁分布多个精小囊;精小囊是生精细胞的发源地。贮精囊呈蜂窝状,内有嵴和腔隙,为成熟精子的贮存地。4.精子超微结构采用扫描电镜和透射电镜技术观察:鲇精子由头和尾两部分组成,无颈部。精子头部近球形,直径1.85μm~2.51μm;头部无顶体,内有高度致密的细胞核染色体;头部后方凹陷形成植入窝,内有近端中心粒和远端中心粒;细胞核后方与质膜间的空隙(称袖套)内富含细胞质和线粒体、囊泡等细胞器。尾部细长,无主段、尾段之分,长44.3μm~50.7μm;横切面呈圆形,直径0.269μm~0.308μm;透过横断面可见,鲇精子尾部由轴丝和附属纤维构成,外有一层质膜包裹,无侧鳍;轴丝为典型的“9+2”结构。5.精子活力观察不同pH、水温下鲇精子的快速运动时长和存活时长,结果表明:精子活力的适宜pH为7.0~8.5,p H 8.0时,精子活力最强;精子活力的适宜温度为25℃~28℃,28℃时,精子活力最强。
[Abstract]:Silurus asotus (Silurus Silurus), the genus of catfish (Siluriformes), catfish family (Siluridae) and Silurus (Silurus). Catfish, juvenile, juvenile and mature male Silurus are used as the object. A systematic study of gonadogenesis and spermatozoa differentiation, spermatozoa development, mature spermary periodic changes, spermatozoon structure and sperm motility characteristics are studied. The main results are as follows: 1. catfish The occurrence of gonadal and spermary differentiation time begins at 3 days of age, and the emergence of the genital ridge is the beginning mark. The differentiation of gonadal differentiation occurs at the age of 18 days of age ~40: the ovarian differentiation begins at 18 days of age of the Silurus, marked by the formation of the ovary cavity, the ovarian differentiation is completed at the age of 24 days of the Silurus, and a large number of primary oocytes appear in the ovary; the spermary is in the ovary. The differentiation of the 30 day age is marked by the appearance of the vas deferens, and the differentiation of the spermary is completed at the age of 40 days of the Silurus. It is marked by the appearance of a large number of primary spermatocyte.2. Silurus Silurus spermatozoa in the seminal nest according to the morphological characteristics of the spermary, and the histological and cytological characteristics of the spermatogenesis. The spermary is divided into 6 stages from the differentiation to the mature stage: stage I spermary (2 month old). 1 pairs of filaments, transparent or yellowish, long "f2mm, heavy" f0.03g, a small amount of spermatogonial cells were found to be scattered among the interstitial cells; stage II spermatogonial (3 month old ~5 months of age) were "V" shaped, translucent or white, smooth surface, no obvious blood vessels, long "F35 mm, weight 0.02 g~0.12 g, tissue sections visible spermatogonial cells; 6 month old ~8 months (6 month old ~8 months)." The edges were uneven, slightly wrinkled, a small amount of capillaries, a light pink, 40 mm~62 mm long, 1 g~3.73 g, and a spermatocyte in the tissue section. The IV stage (9 month old ~11 months of age) showed an unmarked branching, white or pale red, a clear surface fold, a thick blood vessel, 81 mm~109 mm, a weight of 1.8 g~4.8 g, and tissue sections visible. Subcells; stage V nest, mature, clear branched, white or light red, 89 mm~117 mm long, heavy 2.34 g~5.0 g, and a large number of mature spermatozoa in tissue section; the VI phase spermary is a spermatozoa after the discharge of spermatozoa. The volume of the spermatozoa is shrinking, and the tissue section can be seen in a small amount of immature spermatozoa mature spermary in the spring (February ~4 month) spermatozoon. The nests are pale pink, not full, and the blood vessels are not obvious. The nest is white or light red in summer (May ~8 month), the blood vessel is significant, the maturation coefficient is 1.24%~1.83%, in stage IV to V; the spermary in July is fully mature, that is, in stage V, it can be artificially induced. In autumn (September ~11 month), the spermary of Silurus Silurus is white or rice yellow; Silurus has already row sperm. The seminal nest is atrophy and the mature coefficient decreases to 0.75%, in stage III, IV and VI. In winter (December ~ February), the spermary of Silurus Silurus is rice yellow. The spermatozoon spermary in.4. mature spermary is divided into white membrane and two parts. The essence is mainly composed of interlobular stroma, fine lobule, seminal vesicle and output tube. Interstitial cells are interstitial cells in the lobule. Microvascular and fibrous connective tissue. The seminiferous tubular structure is irregular. The wall of the spermatogonia is the origin of the spermatogenic cells. The seminal vesicles are honeycomb, crest and lacunae. The ultrastructure of.4. sperm in the storage area of mature sperm is observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy: the origin and tail two of the Silurus spermatozoa. A part of the neck without a neck. The head of the sperm is nearly spherical, with a diameter of 1.85 m~2.51 mu m; the head has no acrosome, with a highly dense nuclear chromosome in the head; a nests are formed in the rear of the head, with the proximal central grains and distal central grains; the space between the nucleus behind the nucleus and the plasma membrane (called the cuff) is rich in cytoplasm, mitochondria, vesicles and other organelles. The section is long, no main segment, tail segment, 44.3 m~50.7 mu m, the transverse section is round and the diameter is 0.269 m~0.308 mu m; through the cross section it is visible that the sperm tail of the catfish is made up of the axis silk and the accessory fiber, and there is a layer of plasma membrane and no side fin. The axis is a typical "9+2" structure.5. sperm vitality observation different pH and the rapid movement of Silurus spermatozoa under water temperature. Long and long survival time, the results showed that the optimum sperm motility was pH 7.0~8.5, P H 8, the sperm vitality was the strongest, the optimum temperature of sperm motility was 25 C ~28, and the sperm vitality was the strongest at 28.

【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S917.4

【参考文献】