沈阳地区寒富苹果生产现状调查及果形改良研究

发布时间：2018-05-07 05:58

本文选题：寒富苹果 + 果实品质　；参考：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着寒富苹果种植面积的扩大和标准栽培技术的推广,寒富苹果园的栽培现状和果实品质日益受到关注,为此我们调查了沈阳及周边地区部分寒富苹果园,以期了解沈阳地区寒富苹果园的栽培现状以及果实品质状况。本文以沈阳地区6个寒富苹果典型示范园为主要调查对象,通过实地调查及问询等手段,对果园基本情况、栽培技术、产量、优质果率以及收益等进行了调查,并在采收以后,对其果实品质进行了测定。调查发现,积极参与相关培训以提高其栽培管理技术水平,并应用学习到的新技术对果园进行生产经营的示范园,其果实品质相较于沈阳的整体水平有一定的提升。近三年,各示范园较沈阳整体水平果形指数提高1.2%;单果重降低3.4%;硬度提高1%;可溶性固.形物提高1.9%;可溶性糖提高3.9%。结果表明,对于采用新技术进行生产经营的果园其产量、果实品质、优质果率以及果农收益等都得到了明显的提高,但在提高果柄长度和果形指数方面,通过栽培管理技术所取得的提升效果并不理想。此外,本文针对寒富苹果在果柄长度和果形指数方面所存在的问题,以11年生寒富/GM256/山定子为试材,以清水为对照,分别研究了用不同浓度GA3、宝丰灵+施威于花序分离期前处理花序对果柄生长的影响,用不同浓度普洛马林、宝丰灵+施威于盛花期以及盛花后10 d处理花序1-2次对果形指数的影响。结果表明:果柄拉长试验各处理与清水对照相比,均能促进寒富苹果果柄的生长,且在处理浓度范围内,随GA3浓度增大,促进效果越明显,不同浓度间差异显著。果实采收后果柄长度以100倍GA3效果最大为35.57 mm,清水对照效果最小为26.13 mm,各处理果实品质与清水对照相比略有差异,但差异不显著。果形改良试验各处理与清水对照相比,均能提高寒富苹果果形指数,差异显著,其中以1200倍浓度普洛马林分两次喷施效果最好,浓度过高果个太大,裂果较重,浓度过低改善果形效果不明显,随物候期推移,各处理及对照果实纵横径不断生长,果形指数逐渐减小。各处理果实果形指数的提高主要是由于果实纵径的提高。果实品质各处理与对照差异不显著。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the expansion of planting area and the popularization of standard cultivation techniques, the cultivation status and fruit quality of Hanfu apple orchard have been paid more and more attention. Therefore, we have investigated some cold rich apple orchards in Shenyang and its surrounding areas. In order to understand the cultivation status and fruit quality of cold rich apple orchard in Shenyang area. In this paper, six typical demonstration gardens of Hanfu apple in Shenyang area are taken as the main objects of investigation. By means of field investigation and inquiry, the basic situation of orchard, cultivation technique, yield, high quality fruit rate and income are investigated, and after harvest, The fruit quality was determined. It was found that the fruit quality of the orchard was improved in comparison with the overall level of Shenyang by actively participating in the relevant training to improve its cultivation and management skills and applying the new techniques learned to the demonstration orchard for production and management. In the last three years, the fruit shape index of each demonstration garden is 1.2 higher than that of Shenyang, the weight of single fruit is decreased by 3.4%, the hardness is increased by 1%, and the soluble solid is increased. The content of form increased by 1.9 and the soluble sugar increased by 3.9. The results showed that the fruit yield, fruit quality, high quality fruit rate and the yield of fruit growers were increased obviously, but the length of fruit stalk and fruit shape index were increased. The improvement effect obtained through cultivation management technology is not ideal. In addition, in view of the problems in fruit stalk length and fruit shape index of cold rich apple, 11 years old cold rich / GM256 / mountain stator was used as test material and clear water as control. The effects of different concentrations of GA _ 3 and Bao Feng Ling Wei on the growth of fruiting stalks were studied. The effect of Baofengling Schwey on the fruit shape index during the flowering period and 10 days after the flowering treatment of inflorescence 1-2 times. The results showed that each treatment could promote the growth of the fruit stalk of cold rich apple compared with the fresh water, and in the range of treatment concentration, with the increase of GA3 concentration, the promoting effect was more obvious, and the difference between different concentrations was significant. The maximum effect of GA3 was 35.57 mm after harvest, and that of water control was 26.13 mm. The fruit quality of all treatments was slightly different from that of clear water control, but the difference was not significant. In the fruit shape improvement experiment, the fruit shape index of the cold rich apple was increased significantly compared with the fresh water control, and the fruit shape index was significantly increased with the 1200 times concentration of Proglo Ma Lin spraying twice, the effect was the best when the concentration was too high, the fruit was too big and the cracked fruit was heavier. The effect of low concentration on the fruit shape was not obvious. With the phenological period, the fruit shape index of all treatments and the control grew continuously, and the fruit shape index decreased gradually. The increase of fruit shape index was mainly due to the increase of fruit longitudinal diameter. There was no significant difference in fruit quality between the treatments and the control.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S661.1

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