氮肥用量对夏直播棉花产量形成和养分利用的影响

发布时间：2018-05-08 17:27

本文选题：棉花 + 产量　；参考：《华中农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：为探讨棉花在晚播、高密、见花一次施肥条件下,进一步减少氮肥用量的可行性,以华棉3109为材料,采用大田和盆栽试验,设置5个氮肥水平(120,150,180,210,240 kg ha-1),研究了氮肥用量对棉花生物学特性(生育进程,产量及其构成因素,生物质累积)、生理特性(SPAD、硝态氮、游离氨基酸、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖)、以及养分吸收利用特性的影响。结果表明:1.棉花产量随氮肥用量的增加而增加,达1370 kg ha-1(氮肥用量180 kg ha-1)后不再增加。氮肥用量主要影响单位面积成铃数,而对单铃重和衣分影响不大。2.增加氮肥可延长棉花花铃期1-2 d,而对其他生育期无影响。增加氮肥用量增加了棉花株高、植株直径、果枝数和第一果枝长度。年际之间趋势一致。3.棉花生物质累积符合“logistic”函数,但只有累积速度随施氮量增加而提高,但超过180 kg ha-1后变化不大。4.棉花3大营养元素快速吸收起始时期,与生物质快速累积的起始时间相比:氮素同步,磷素提前,钾素延后。快速吸收期内,平均吸收速度KNP,同时随氮肥用量增加先上升后降低,施氮量为180 kg ha-1时最大。5.施肥后棉花叶片SPAD值迅速增加,花铃期和吐絮期趋于平稳,施氮量超过180 kg ha-1后,SPAD值变化不大。氮肥用量对可溶性糖、硝态氮含量影响较小,但随氮肥用量增加,花铃期氨基酸含量、吐絮期蛋白质含量显著增加。
[Abstract]:In order to explore the feasibility of further reducing nitrogen fertilizer application under the condition of late sowing, high density and one time fertilization, Huamian 3109 was used as the material, and field and pot experiments were carried out. The biological characteristics (growth process, yield and composition factors, biomass accumulation, physiological characteristics, nitrate nitrogen, free amino acid, soluble protein) of cotton were studied by using 5 nitrogen fertilizer levels (120150180210240kg ha-1), and the effects of nitrogen application on cotton biological characteristics (growth process, yield and its components, biomass accumulation, physiological characteristics, nitrate nitrogen, free amino acid, soluble protein) were studied. Effects of soluble sugar and nutrient absorption and utilization characteristics. The result shows that 1: 1. The yield of cotton increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and it did not increase after 1370 kg ha -1 (180 kg ha -1 nitrogen fertilizer). Nitrogen application rate mainly affected boll number per unit area, but had little effect on boll weight and lint percentage. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer could prolong the flowering boll period of cotton for 1-2 days, but had no effect on other growth stages. The plant height, plant diameter, the number of fruit branches and the length of the first fruit branch were increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application. Trends from year to year. The biomass accumulation of cotton accorded with "logistic" function, but only the accumulation rate increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, but the change was not significant after more than 180kg ha-1. Compared with the initial time of biomass rapid accumulation, the three major nutrient elements of cotton began to absorb rapidly: nitrogen synchronization, phosphorus advance, potassium delayed. During the rapid absorption period, the average absorption rate of KNPs increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and the maximum rate of KNPs was at 180kg ha-1. After fertilization, the SPAD value of cotton leaves increased rapidly, the flowering and boll stage and the florescence stage tended to be stable, but the value of SPAD changed little after the amount of nitrogen applied exceeded 180kg ha-1. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer had little effect on the content of soluble sugar and nitrate nitrogen, but with the increase of nitrogen application rate, the content of amino acid in flower boll stage and protein content in spitting stage increased significantly.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S562

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