自动渠槽管灌溉对夏玉米土壤水分变化及水分利用效率的影响研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 08:11

本文选题：夏玉米 + 自动渠槽管　；参考：《山东农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：山东省所处华北平原是全国水资源短缺的地区之一,为缓解水资源严重不足的危机,改革灌溉技术、推行节水措施、发展节水农业成为人们普遍关注的重点问题。本试验采用了一类新型田间节水灌溉技术,即渠灌区田间自动渠槽管灌溉。本试验于2016年在山东农业大学马庄试验田进行,共设置三种不同灌溉方式:传统连续灌溉(C)、波涌灌溉(S)、自动渠槽管灌溉(A)。试验主要探究了三种不同灌溉模式下,自动渠槽管灌溉处理的土壤水分状况及其分布,与水分利用效率及其关系。本文分别在夏玉米生理特征、叶面积指数、干物质积累量、农田蒸散量、产量等方面进行了分析与探讨。主要研究结论如下:自动渠槽管灌溉的土壤含水率在空间上最为均衡,灌溉均匀度最好。节水效果良好,相比传统灌溉可节水31.11%;灌溉水有效利用率可达到88.4%,相比传统灌溉可提高32.55%。自动渠槽管灌溉避免了由于灌水不均而造成的畦首部分水量过多以致深层渗漏与畦尾部分灌水不足以致作物根系缺水现象,有利于灌溉水在土壤中的保持,有利于适应作物根部的需水要求。相比传统畦灌与波涌灌溉,自动渠槽管灌溉下夏玉米的叶面积指数分别提高8.96%和5.19%,干物质积累量分别提高4.44%和4.07%,产量分别提高11.7%和5.5%。自动渠槽管灌溉保证了夏玉米一系列生理代谢功能,增加了其光合产物,因此促使了夏玉米植株生长,有利于干物质量的积累,有利于产出量的增加。相比传统畦灌与波涌灌溉,自动渠槽管灌溉在夏玉米生育期内的农田蒸散总量分别降低了3.56%和1.0%,产量水平上的水分利用效率分别提高了15.81%和6.53%。自动渠槽管灌溉耗水量小,农田蒸散量少,水分利用效率高,有利于水分的节约与高效利用。自动渠槽管灌溉与传统连续畦灌和波涌灌溉的对比试验表明,自动渠槽管灌溉能显著提高土壤含水率空间分布的均匀性,提高水分利用效率,共同实现夏玉米的节水与增产,是一种行之有效的节水灌溉技术,具有一定的推广与应用价值。
[Abstract]:The North China Plain in Shandong Province is one of the regions with shortage of water resources in China. In order to alleviate the crisis of serious shortage of water resources, reform irrigation technology, carry out water-saving measures and develop water-saving agriculture have become the key issues that people pay more attention to. In this experiment, a new type of field water saving irrigation technology, that is, field automatic channel pipe irrigation in canal irrigation area, was adopted. The experiment was carried out in Mazhuang Experimental Field of Shandong Agricultural University in 2016. Three different irrigation methods were set up: traditional continuous irrigation, surge irrigation and automatic channel tube irrigation. The experiment mainly studied the soil moisture status and its distribution under three different irrigation modes, and their relationship with water use efficiency (Wue) and water use efficiency (Wue). The physiological characteristics, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, evapotranspiration and yield of summer maize were analyzed and discussed in this paper. The main conclusions are as follows: the soil moisture content of automatic channel tube irrigation is the most balanced in space, and the irrigation uniformity is the best. Compared with the traditional irrigation, the effective utilization rate of irrigation water can reach 88.4, and 32.55 can be improved compared with the traditional irrigation. The automatic channel tube irrigation can avoid the phenomenon that the water in the first part of the bed is too much because of the uneven irrigation, and the water in the bottom part of the furrow is not enough enough, which is beneficial to the conservation of irrigation water in the soil. It can adapt to the water requirement of crop root. Compared with traditional border irrigation and surge irrigation, the leaf area index and dry matter accumulation of summer corn were increased by 8.96% and 5.19%, 4.44% and 4.07%, respectively, and the yield by 11.7% and 5.5% respectively. Automatic channel tube irrigation ensured a series of physiological metabolic functions and increased the photosynthetic products of summer maize. Therefore, it promoted the growth of summer maize plants, which was conducive to the accumulation of dry matter quality and the increase of yield. Compared with traditional border irrigation and surge irrigation, the total evapotranspiration in summer maize growing period decreased by 3.56% and 1.0%, and the water use efficiency increased 15.81% and 6.53%, respectively. The water consumption and evapotranspiration of farmland are small, and the water use efficiency is high, which is beneficial to the saving and efficient use of water. The contrast test of automatic channel tube irrigation with traditional continuous border irrigation and surge irrigation shows that automatic channel tube irrigation can significantly improve the spatial distribution of soil moisture content, water use efficiency, and jointly achieve water saving and yield increase of summer maize. It is an effective water-saving irrigation technology, and has certain popularization and application value.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S513;S275

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