基于结构特征的楠木属和润楠属五种木材的鉴别

发布时间：2018-05-10 15:31

  本文选题：楠木属 + 润楠属　； 参考：《福建农林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国楠木品种因产地不同,质量参差不齐,价格差别很大。如今面对资源紧缺,标准缺乏,楠木交易市场出现了鉴别难度大,以假乱真、以次充好的欺诈现象,常常使消费者不能判别其真伪。因此,对楠木类木材进行宏观、微观结构特征及细胞几何形态特征进行研究,分析探寻楠木各属类木材结构特征的异同点,有助于规范和完善楠木类木材的识别与鉴定,具有实际应用价值。本文通过对五种楠木类木材(闽楠、桢楠、小果润楠、润楠和华润楠)进行宏观构造、微观结构、细胞离析、木材颜色、密度相关属性的观察和测定,对木材宏观构造特征、微观结构特征、各类细胞种类、细胞的组合形式及几何形态特征参数进行了比较分析,探究楠木“金丝”与结晶体的关系,归纳总结出五种楠木木材的异同点。(1)宏观构造方面：五种楠木生长轮形状除小果润楠呈微波浪形外,其余都呈圆形或椭圆形；木射线均为中等木射线,闽楠和桢楠带有微芳香气味,小果润楠和润楠的气味偏酸香味,华润楠新切面有带辛辣的芳香味；闽楠颜色浅黄微绿色,桢楠颜色黄褐微红色,小果润楠颜色浅黄褐色,润楠黄褐微绿色,华润楠颜色浅红褐微绿色；桢楠、小果润楠、润楠和华润楠的光泽较闽楠好并呈现出亮丽幻景；闽楠、润楠较直,桢楠的纹理略斜,小果润楠的纹理呈波浪形,而华润楠整体纹理颇直但部分也呈波浪形；五种楠木木材结构细匀,质地较轻软。(2)解剖特征方面：五种楠木的管孔组合形式以单管孔和短径列复管孔为主,偶见管孔团,管孔分布均匀,均为散孔材；穿孔类型为单穿孔,或兼单穿孔和梯状穿孔；导管间纹孔互列式或兼对列和互列；具分隔木纤维；木射线非叠生,单列射线少,多列射线宽多为2个细胞,射线组织主为异形Ⅲ或Ⅱ型,小果润楠偶见异形Ⅰ型,同一射线内间或出现2次多列部分,部分横卧细胞的高度较高,射线与导管间纹孔式为横列刻痕状及同管间纹孔式；华润楠木射线中含较多深红褐色树胶,小果润楠树胶颜色较浅；轴向薄壁组织主要为环管束状、稀疏状,偶见翼状；木射线和轴向薄壁细胞普遍存在油细胞和结晶体。(3)楠木“金丝”与结晶体的位置、数目和形态相关,结晶体数量越多,形态越小,金丝越明显。(4)五种楠木结构特征参数方面：五种楠木平均管孔数都分布在10-30个/mm2,管孔数都略少。小果润楠和华润楠的管孔极小,闽楠、桢楠和润楠管孔略小。导管细胞壁厚度润楠(4.27μm)最厚,桢楠(3.45μm)最薄,其它相差无几。木纤维尺寸上小果润楠和华润楠较大,桢楠和润楠次之,闽楠最小。闽楠的木纤维(木纤维实质率65.81%)最疏松,润楠(73.94%)、小果润楠(72.61%)和桢楠(71.81%)的密实程度相近,较密实,华润楠(67.65%)次之。单位长度木射线根数润楠(22条/5mm),其它四种木材的木射线条数相近在25-50条/5mm,都属于中偏少。单位面积结晶体个数桢楠(208个/mm2)和润楠(232个/mm2)单位面积结晶体个数较多。(5)组织比量分析方面：闽楠的木纤维组织比量(64.35%)为五者中最大,轴向薄壁组织(11.21%)为五者最小；桢楠的木射线组织比量(13.33%)是最大的,润楠导管(26.77%)和结晶体(2.22%)的组织比量都为五者最大,但木纤维(50.16%)和木射线(10.79)的组织比量是最小的。华润楠导管(10.45%)和结晶体(0.92%)是五者最小,而轴向薄壁组织(19.11%)是最大的。(6)细胞几何形态特征分析方面：五种楠木导管细胞都具矩形、圆柱形、纺锤形和一端尖削一端钝平的形状,均未发现鼓形,矩形为主要细胞形态均占导管总细胞形态40%以上。在小果润楠和华润楠中还出现类似圆锥形的导管细胞,华润楠的导管细胞里有台形形状的细胞。除闽楠木纤维形态较直外,其它四种楠木的部分纤维都出现不同程度的弯曲。五种楠木均出现部分横卧细胞的高度较高,华润楠横卧细胞的长度明显高于其它树种横卧高度,是最大值。五种楠木的轴向薄壁细胞的串中个数多为2-5个,偶见单个,形态为长方形两端钝平或尖削；五种楠木只有闽楠、桢楠和润楠存在晶簇,桢楠和润楠存在菱方形,只有小果润楠存在针晶体。(7)五种楠木木材颜色测定分析方面：五种楠木木材颜色均为红黄色调,其中闽楠颜色相比更暗,饱和度较低,色调号分别为闽楠4.85Y,桢楠3.04Y,小果润楠2.99Y,润楠3.27Y,华润楠1.62Y。(8)五种楠木密度测定方面：楠木属中的桢楠气干密度0.553g/cm3大于闽楠0.479g/cm3。润楠属中小果润楠气干密度0.740 g/cm3大于润楠和华润楠,而润楠0.634 g/cm3和华润楠0.652 g/cm3两者的气干密度基本相近。
[Abstract]:This paper makes a comparative analysis on macro - structure , microstructure , cell segregation , wood color and density - related properties of Nanmu wood .
The wood ray is medium - wood ray , Min - nan and Zhennan with micro - aromatic odor , the small - fruit wetting and the moistening of the smell of the smell of sour flavor , the new section of CR Nan has spicy and spicy flavor ;
Minnan color light yellow micro - green , green color yellow brown micro red , Xiaoguo Runnan color light yellow brown , Runnan yellow brown slightly green , CR Nan color light brown slightly green ;
The gloss of Machnan , Xiaoguo Runnan , Runnan and CR Nan is better than that of Min Nan and presents a bright vision ;
The texture of Machnan was slightly inclined , and the texture of Machnan was wavy , but the whole texture of CR Nan was quite straight , but the part was wavy .
The five kinds of nanmu timber structures are fine and uniform , and the texture is relatively soft . ( 2 ) In the aspect of anatomy , five kinds of nanmu ' s tube - hole combination is mainly composed of single - tube hole and short - diameter column compound pipe hole , and the pipe - hole group is occasionally seen , and the distribution of the pipe holes is uniform , all of which are scattered materials ;
the perforation type is a single perforation or a single perforation and a ladder - like perforation ;
Cross - column or double - column and column - to - column pattern ;
separating wood fiber ;
X - ray non - overlapping , single - row ray is few , the multi - column ray width is more than 2 cells , the main of ray tissue is heteromorphic type 鈪，

本文编号：1869866