反式-2-己烯醛对松材线虫生长、繁殖和行为的影响

发布时间：2018-05-11 01:28

本文选题：松材线虫 + 反式-2-己烯醛　；参考：《山东农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)是一种世界范围内的检疫性害虫,是松树枯萎病(Pine Wilt Disease)的病原,它给木材以及木制品输出国造成巨大的经济损失。目前,该病的防治和控制工作进展缓慢,关键技术层面难以取得实质性的突破,且一些传统的杀线剂对人类的健康和环境造成严重的威胁,所以一种低毒、高效杀线剂的研发迫在眉睫。反式-2-己烯醛又称青叶醛,是一种6碳(C6)挥发性化合物,在自然界中广泛存在,它天然存在于许多蔬菜、水果中。此外,反式-2-己烯醛具有极强的香气,因此通常被用作人造香料和食品添加剂。据报道,反式-2-己烯醛对南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)和小麦孢囊线虫(Heterodera avenae)具有较强的抑制活性,但其杀线活性的作用机理尚不清楚。本研究主要针对反式-2-己烯醛对松材线虫生长发育、繁殖能力、运动行为及呼吸作用的影响及对其防治效果做了初步的研究,为反式-2-己烯醛的杀线机理探究奠定一定的理论基础。研究结果具体如下:1.反式-2-己烯醛熏蒸黑松原木对松材线虫的防治效果试验结果表明,在实验室25℃条件下,用反式-2-己烯醛(99%纯品)对黑松原木进行熏蒸处理,熏蒸目标剂量浓度分别为:139.8 g m-3,349.5 g m-3和699 g m-3,松材线虫的死亡率从63.6%达到100%。2.反式-2-己烯醛对不同龄期松材线虫的致死效应反式-2-己烯醛对松材线虫的L2s,L3s和L4s/成虫具有显著的杀线活性,其中L2s最为敏感,其LC50值为11.2μg m L-1。3.反式-2-己烯醛对松材线虫胚胎发育的影响试验证明,反式-2-己烯醛严重影响松材线虫的胚胎发育,它明显抑制线虫卵的孵化。剂量为200μg m L-1的反式-2-己烯处理线虫卵12 h时,松材线虫的卵孵化率仅为20.0%。4.反式-2-己烯醛对松材线虫繁殖能力的影响反式-2-己烯醛抑制松材线虫的繁殖,主要体现在减少线虫的种群数量,抑制其繁殖速率,减少其产卵量:反式-2-己烯醛处理组(即36和55μg m L-1)的种群数量分别为11×104和8.3×104条,明显低于溶剂对照组和空白对照组的种群数量;反式-2-己烯醛对松材线虫繁殖速率影响的结果显示,空白对照组和溶剂对照组具有较高的繁殖速率,分别为7.6×103和7.25×103,反式-2-己烯醛在剂量为36μg m L-1时繁殖速率(5.5×103)为中等,而剂量为55μg m L-1时表现出最慢的繁殖速率(4.15×103)。在36和55μg m L-1两个浓度下处理线虫24 h,84 h后,松材线虫单条雌虫的平均产卵量分别为15±0.5657和15.5±0.0707个,与溶剂对照(19.4±0.2828个卵)和空白对照的产卵量(21.3±0.2357个卵)具有显著性差异。5.反式-2-己烯醛对连续2代松材线虫体长和雌雄性别比例的影响子一代(F1)的松材线虫,36μg m L-1的反式-2-己烯醛处理组的雌虫体长为992.4±0.605μm,55μg m L-1剂量下雌虫体长为966.0±10.61μm,明显短于溶剂对照组雌虫(1048.7±0.257μm)和空白对照组雌虫(1085.7±3.779μm)的体长。另外,在55μg m L-1剂量下雄虫体长为849.1±9.878μm,明显短于溶剂对照组(983.3±0.7464μm)和空白对照组(1024.1±2.0916μm)中雄虫体长。进一步试验表明,子二代(F2)中线虫的体长在处理组和对照组之间没有显著差异,在本试验测定的两代线虫中,雌性线虫的体长明显长于雄性线虫。本试验还测定了后代雌雄线虫的性别比例,结果表明,松材线虫用反式-2-己烯醛处理后后,其第2代(F1)和第3代(F2)的雌雄线虫性别比例均无显著差异。6.反式-2-己烯醛对松材线虫运动行为的影响经反式-2-己烯醛处理后,松材线虫的身体摆动频率降低,线虫虫体表现出异常扭曲情况,主要表现为螺旋卷曲或多重卷曲。结果表明,经高浓度的反式-2-己烯醛(100和80μg m L-1)处理后的线虫在前30 min表现为100%异常,与对照组存在显著差异;30 min后,一部分存活的线虫运动行为逐渐恢复正常。7.反式-2-己烯醛对松材线虫呼吸作用的影响反式-2-己烯醛对松材线虫的呼吸速率影响呈现出先升高后降低的趋势。试验结果表明,前5 h,处理组中线虫的呼吸速率高于对照中线虫的呼吸速率;5 h后呼吸速率逐渐下降;第8 h时,处理组的呼吸速率与溶剂对照组基本相同;第10 h,处理组线虫的呼吸速率明显低于溶剂对照组。综上所述,反式-2-己烯醛对松材线虫具有较强的杀线活性,且本研究为确认反式-2-己烯醛对植物寄生线虫的作用方式以及致病机理的研究提供了理论基础。
[Abstract]:Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (pine wood nematode) is a worldwide quarantine pest, the pathogen of pine wilt (Pine Wilt Disease), which causes huge economic losses to timber and timber exporting countries. At present, the prevention and control of the disease is slow, and the key technical level is difficult to achieve substantial breakthrough. Some traditional killing agents pose a serious threat to human health and environment, so the development of a low toxic and efficient line killing agent is imminent. Trans -2- hexenal, also known as green aldehyde, is a 6 carbon (C6) volatile compound, widely existed in nature, which naturally exists in many vegetables and fruits. In addition, trans -2- hexenal has a very high degree. Strong aroma is usually used as artificial spice and food additive. It is reported that trans -2- hexenal has strong inhibitory activity to Meloidogyne incognita and Heterodera avenae (Heterodera avenae), but the mechanism of its action is not clear. This study mainly aimed at pine wood with trans -2- hexenal. The effect of nematode growth, reproductive capacity, movement behavior and respiration and its effect on its control were preliminarily studied, which laid a theoretical foundation for the investigation of the mechanism of trans -2- hexenal killing line. The results are as follows: 1. experimental results of the control effect of trans -2- hexenal fumigation black pine wood on pine wood nematode showed that it was real The laboratory room was fumigated with -2- hexenal (99% pure) and fumigation, the target dose concentration was 139.8 g m-3349.5 g M-3 and 699 g M-3, the mortality of pine wood nematode from 63.6% to 100%.2. trans -2- hexenal to different ages of pine wood nematode to pine wood nematode 2s, L3s and L4s/ adults have significant line activity, of which L2s is the most sensitive, and its LC50 value is 11.2 mu g m L-1.3. trans -2- hexenal on the embryo development of pine wood nematode. It is proved that trans -2- hexenal seriously affects the embryo development of pine wood nematode, and it obviously inhibits the hatching of nematode eggs. The dose is 200 mu g m. The egg hatching rate of the line worm eggs 12 h, the egg hatching rate of the pine wood nematode is only the effect of 20.0%.4. trans -2- hexenal on the reproductive capacity of pine wood nematode, which is mainly reflected in reducing the population of the nematode, inhibiting the propagation rate and reducing the amount of its spawning: the trans -2- hexenal treatment group (36 and 55 mu g m L-1). The populations of the group were 11 * 104 and 8.3 x 104, respectively, which were significantly lower than the population of the solvent control group and the blank control group. The effects of the trans -2- hexenal on the propagation rate of pine wood nematode showed that the blank control group and the solvent control group had a higher propagation rate, 7.6 * 103 and 7.25 * 103 respectively, and the trans -2- hexenal in the dose of 36 u g m L- The propagation rate (5.5 x 103) was medium at 1 and the slowest propagation rate (4.15 x 103) when the dose was 55 g m L-1. The average egg production of the single female worm of the pine wood nematode was respectively 15 + 0.5657 and 15.5 103 after 36 and 55 g m L-1 concentration and 24 h and 84 H. The amount of eggs (21.3 + 0.2357 eggs) had significant differences in the effect of.5. trans -2- hexenal on the proportion of the body length and sex of the 2 generation pine wood nematode (F1). The female body length of the trans -2- hexenal treatment group of 36 mu g m L-1 was 992.4 + 0.605 mu, and 55 u g m L-1 dosage was 966 + 10.61 mu m, obviously shorter than dissolving. In the control group, the female (1048.7 + 0.257 m) and the blank control group were (1085.7 + 3.779 m) body length. In addition, the male body length of the male was 849.1 + 9.878 mu m at the dose of 55 mu g m L-1, obviously shorter than that in the solvent control group (983.3 + 0.7464 m) and the blank control group (1024.1 + 2.0916 mu m). There was no significant difference between the treatment group and the control group. In the two generation of nematodes, the body length of the female nematode was significantly longer than that of the male nematode. The sex ratio of the female and male nematode in the offspring was also measured. The results showed that the sex ratio of the second generation (F1) and the third generation (F2) of the pine wood nematode, after the treatment of the trans -2- hexenal, was the sex of the nematode. The effect of.6. trans -2- hexenal on the movement of pine wood nematode was not significant. After trans -2- hexenal treatment, the body wobble frequency of pine wood nematode decreased and the nematode body showed abnormal distortions. The main manifestations were spiral curls or multiple curls. The results showed that the high concentration of trans -2- hexenal (100 and 80 mu g m L-1) The treated nematode was 100% abnormal in the first 30 min, and there was a significant difference between the control group and the control group. After 30 min, a part of the surviving nematode movement gradually restored the normal.7. trans -2- hexenal effect on the respiration of pine wood nematode. The effect of trans -2- hexenal on the respiration rate of pine wood nematode showed a tendency to increase first and then decrease. The results showed that in the first 5 h, the respiration rate of the nematode in the treatment group was higher than that of the control line worm, and the respiration rate decreased gradually after 5 h; when eighth h, the respiration rate of the treatment group was basically the same as the solvent control group; tenth h, the respiration rate of the treated group was obviously lower than that of the solvent control group. In conclusion, the trans -2- hexenal was on the pine wood line. This study provides a theoretical basis for the study of the effect of trans -2- hexenal on the mode of action of plant parasitic nematodes and the pathogenesis of the parasitic nematodes.

【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S763.18

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