不同栽培方式和密度对红小豆生长及产量与品质的影响

发布时间：2018-05-11 03:03

本文选题：红小豆 + 栽培方式　；参考：《黑龙江八一农垦大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：为了探讨黑龙江西部半干旱地区红小豆高产高效栽培技术措施,采用裂区设计,在平播、65 cm垄作、110 cm垄作方式下,研究了9、13、17、21、25万株·hm~(-2)的保苗密度对红小豆的株高、茎粗、叶面积指数、叶绿素含量、光合参数、干物质积累动态、子粒产量及子粒品质的影响。结果表明:1.红小豆的株高在结荚期前株高显著增加,后期株高趋于稳定,不同处理变化差异较小;红小豆的茎粗随着生育期推进,各处理均在鼓粒期到达峰值。在不同栽培方式下,种植密度的增加,明显降低了红小豆的株高和茎粗。2.不同栽培方式下,叶绿素a/b值以及类胡萝卜素含量随着生育期总体呈下降的趋势,而叶绿素含量呈先上升后下降的趋势。在结荚期和鼓粒期时,110 cm垄作下叶绿素含量提高0.51%~6.62%,类胡萝卜素含量提高5.51%~24.39%。3.红小豆的叶面积指数在生育期内基本呈先上升后下降的趋向,在结荚期到达峰值,65 cm垄作以及110 cm垄作均高于平播模式,尤其CM4(110 cm垄作下密度为21万株·hm~(-2))处理持续的时间长,利于干物质积累以及子粒产量的形成。4.红小豆的叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO~2浓度(Ci)和蒸腾速率(Tr)均随着生育期基本呈先上升后下降的趋向,净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)均在结荚期达到峰值,而胞间CO~2浓度(Ci)的峰值出现在花期并且在平播模式下有明显升高,65 cm模式下可提高叶片蒸腾速率(Tr),净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)在110 cm垄作下影响较大。5.在生育期内,茎、叶干物质积累呈先上升后下降的趋向,110 cm垄作降低高密度处理的茎干物质积累量,尤其CM4处理茎干物质向荚、子粒分配提高;红小豆荚、子粒的干物质积累呈增加的趋势,适当增加密度,利于荚干物质积累,110 cm垄作利于子粒干物质积累。6.种植密度为9万株·hm~(-2)时,利于增加红小豆的单株荚数和单株粒数,在110 cm和65 cm垄作下,增加种植密度,红小豆的主茎荚数和单株粒重呈降低变化;红小豆的百粒重受到密度变化影响较小;平播和65 cm垄作在17万株·hm~(-2)时红小豆产量最高,分别为1387.67 kg·hm~(-2)和1723.53 kg·hm~(-2);110 cm垄作下,21万株·hm~(-2)时红小豆产量最高,为1901.07 kg·hm~(-2)。7.种植密度过大降低子粒可溶性蛋白含量,65 cm垄作、110 cm垄作利于子粒可溶性蛋白含量的积累;65 cm垄作、110 cm垄作下,密度过高或过低均降低子粒淀粉含量,因此110 cm垄作下密度为21万株·hm~(-2),可提高淀粉含量;对红小豆子粒粗脂肪含量影响较小。
[Abstract]:In order to study the high yield and high efficiency cultivation technique of red bean in semi-arid area of western Heilongjiang, the height and stem diameter of seedling density of 9Y13131721, 250000 plants were studied by using split zone design under the pattern of plant-sowing 65 cm ridge cultivation with 110cm ridge. Leaf area index, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic parameters, dry matter accumulation dynamics, grain yield and grain quality. The result shows that 1: 1. The plant height of red bean increased significantly before pod setting stage, but the plant height tended to be stable at the later stage, and the variation of different treatments was small; the stem diameter of red bean increased with the growth stage, and all treatments reached the peak value at the grain filling stage. With the increase of planting density, the plant height and stem diameter of red bean decreased obviously under different cultivation methods. Under different cultivation methods, chlorophyll a / b value and carotenoid content decreased with the growth period, while chlorophyll content increased first and then decreased. The chlorophyll content and carotenoid content in 110cm ridge were increased by 0.51cm and 6.62, and the carotenoid content was increased by 5.51and 24.39.3. The leaf area index of red bean increased first and then decreased during the growth period, and reached the peak value of 65 cm ridge and 110cm ridge at pod setting stage, which was higher than that of flat seeding pattern, especially the density of 210000 plants under CM4(110 cm ridge was 210000 plants. It is beneficial to dry matter accumulation and grain yield formation. The net photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (GsN), intercellular CO~2 concentration (CO~2) and transpiration rate (Tr) of red bean increased first and then decreased with the growth stage, and the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and transpiration rate reached the peak at pod-setting stage. The peak value of intercellular CO~2 concentration (CO~2) appeared at flowering stage and could increase leaf transpiration rate (TRP), net photosynthetic rate (PN) and stomatal conductance (Gs) under 110cm ridge cultivation. During the growth period, the dry matter accumulation of stem and leaf increased first and then decreased at 110cm ridge. The accumulation of stem dry matter decreased in high density treatment, especially the dry matter of stem increased to pods in CM4 treatment, and the seed distribution increased in pods of red bean, while in pods of red bean, the accumulation of dry matter in stem and leaf increased at first and then decreased. The dry matter accumulation of seeds showed an increasing trend, and a proper increase in density was beneficial to the accumulation of dry matter of pods by 110 cm ridge cultivation and to the accumulation of dry matter in grains by .6. When planting density was 90000 plants, pods per plant and grain number per plant were increased. Under 110cm and 65cm ridge cultivation, the number of pods in main stem and seed weight per plant decreased. The 100 seed weight of red bean was less affected by the density change, and the highest yield of red bean was 1387.67 kg hmmc-2) and 1723.53 kg hmmmc-2) and (1723.53 kg hmmmc-2), the highest yield of red bean was 1901.07 kg hmmin-2zhuan.7 at 65 cm ridge cropping and 170000 hmmmmc-2), respectively, under 110 cm ridge cultivation of red bean, 210000 plants were planted with 10cm of HMHMHMHM ~ (-2), and the yield of red pea was the highest at 65 cm ridge cropping, with the yield of 1901.07 kg HMHM ~ (-2). High or low density of seed could reduce starch content of seeds under 65 cm ridge cultivation and 110 cm ridge cropping with 65 cm ridge and 110 cm ridge cropping, which was beneficial to the accumulation of soluble protein content in seed grains under 110cm ridge cropping with 65 cm ridge and 110 cm ridge cropping, but the density was too high or too low, and the grain starch content was decreased when the planting density was too high or too low. Therefore, the density of 210000 plants under 110cm ridge could increase the starch content, but had little effect on the crude fat content of red bean grains.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江八一农垦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S521

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