缢江蓠实验生态学的初步研究

发布时间：2018-05-12 15:11

本文选题：缢江蓠 + 环境因子　；参考：《广东海洋大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：缢江蓠(Gracilaria salicornia)是一种能适应高温生长的大型经济红藻,具用食用、药用、藻胶工业用和饲用等经济价值。缢江蓠形成的藻场具有固定底质、改善水质、为许多动物提供栖息地等多种功能。近年来,由于人类活动的干扰、破坏以及养殖业的发展,近海海区的环境受到了严重的污染,导致一些天然藻场逐渐退化甚至消失,造成了生态失衡。由于目前我国的琼胶制造工业的发展快速,对琼胶原料的需求量也日渐激增,因此规模化开发利用缢江蓠具有非常重要的意义,不仅能为我国琼胶工业供应充足的原料,也能净化近海海域水质,改善海洋环境,修复与保护海洋生态资源。但目前对缢江蓠的研究报道极少。为了研究环境因子对缢江蓠生长等方面的影响以及缢江蓠的人工育苗和底播栽培技术,本文于2015年4月至2016年9月期间,通过野外进行调查、海区试验以及室内的共同研究,在实验室分别设置不同温度、光照强度、盐度及不同的营养盐对缢江蓠生长、生理生化组分的特性的影响进行了研究。同时,在自然海区开展野外调查,并在近海海区进行缢江蓠人工底播栽培和半人工采苗构建人工藻场试验,记录了缢江蓠周年生长变化情况,获得了可行的缢江蓠人工育苗和底播栽培方法,构建了220亩的缢江蓠人工藻场。主要结果如下:1、在实验室条件下,通过研究不同的温度、光照强度及盐度对缢江蓠相对生长率(RGR)、可溶性蛋白(SP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)以及叶绿素a(Chla)和类胡萝卜素(Car)、藻红蛋白(R-PE)和藻蓝蛋白(R-PC)的影响,分析得到:缢江蓠适宜生长的温度条件为24-32℃,最佳适宜生长的温度条件为28℃;缢江蓠适宜生长的光照强度条件是3000-9000lx,6000lx为其生长的最适光照强度;缢江蓠适宜生长的盐度条件为20-35,最佳适宜生长的盐度条件是30。缢江蓠在适宜的环境条件下具有较高的RGR,其藻胆蛋白(R-PE和R-PC)和可溶性蛋白(SP)的含量较高,MDA质量分数较低,受环境的胁迫较小。从生长状态的性质、抗氧化的程度以及光合色素合成含量等方面进行分析,缢江蓠一系列的特性,如适应高温、低光照强度和中、高盐度的环境,也适于南方海域夏季的气候和自然条件栽培生产。2、实验室条件下,研究了不同氮浓度、氮磷比及化合态氮对缢江蓠生长、可溶性蛋白、超氧化物歧化酶、丙二醛以及光合色素的影响,研究结果得出:适合缢江蓠生长的总无机氮浓度条件范围为156-260μmol/L,在该条件下,藻体表现较高的生长速率,最适宜缢江蓠生长的总无机氮浓度条件为208μmol/L。适宜缢江蓠生长的氮磷比值范围是5-10,其最适生长条件的比为10:1,在低氮磷比培养条件下,缢江蓠的生长状态特性、生理生化特性等方面会高于氮磷比过高的状态。缢江蓠生长的三种无机氮适宜比是NO3--N:NH4+-N:NO2--N为1:8:4或4:8:1。缢江蓠较适宜生存在含有较高的NH4+-N的海水环境中,其在生理生化等方面的特性也强于NO3--N和NO2--N比例较高的海水环境。2、在自然海区进行周年调查发现缢江蓠在3月至9月期间生长比较快,其中5月、6月、7月三个月生长最快,生物量最大。缢江蓠孢子繁殖在5月开始出现繁殖现象直至10月,7-8月为繁殖盛期。在10月之后,随着海水温度降低,生长明显缓慢甚至停止,繁殖过后的藻体溃烂消失。12月、1月、2月,在自然海区仅见少量缢江蓠小苗越冬。3、于2015年4月在广东省流沙湾近海区,通过移植自然海区生长的缢江蓠进行人工底播栽培,采用尼龙绳夹苗挂桩底播、网帘半人工采孢子附苗和网袋挂苗等方法构建人工藻场220亩,三种不同方式的缢江蓠栽培方法其藻体幼苗成活率分别为76%、81%、68%,并于2015年10月发现底播栽培绳、网帘及竹桩上布满了较高密度的处于不同生长阶段的缢江蓠幼苗,种群繁衍茂密,能构建比较理想的人工藻场。缢江蓠在南方高温海区适应性强,繁殖力强、生长快,有一定的经济利用价值,是构建人工藻场的理想物种,能保护与修复近海生态环境。
[Abstract]:Gracilaria (Gracilaria Salicornia) is a large economic red algae, which can adapt to high temperature growth. It has the economic value of edible, medicinal, alginate industrial use and feeding. The algal field formed by Gracilaria has fixed base, improved water quality, and provided many functions for many animals. In recent years, the disturbance, destruction and breeding of human activities have been caused by human activities. The development of colonization, the environment of coastal sea area has been seriously polluted, resulting in the gradual degradation and even disappearance of some natural algae fields, resulting in ecological imbalance. Due to the rapid development of the agar manufacturing industry in China, the demand for agar materials is increasing. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop and utilize constriction of Gracilaria by large-scale development. In order to study the effects of environmental factors on the growth of Gracilaria, as well as the effects of environmental factors on the growth of Gracilaria, as well as the artificial seedling raising and Cultivation Techniques of Gracilaria constrictions, 20 During the period from April to September 2016 15, the effects of different temperatures, light intensity, salinity and different nutrients on the growth of Gracilaria, and the characteristics of physiological and biochemical components were studied in the laboratory, through field investigations, sea area tests and laboratory studies. Artificial cultivation of Gracilaria Gracilaria and semi artificial production of artificial algae field were carried out in the area, and the annual growth of Gracilaria was recorded. A feasible method of artificial cultivation and cultivation of Gracilaria with 220 Mu artificial algae field was established. The main results were as follows: 1, under laboratory conditions, different temperatures, light were studied. The effects of intensity and salinity on the relative growth rate (RGR), soluble protein (SP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), chlorophyll a (Chla) and carotenoid (Car), phycoerythrocyte (R-PE) and phycocyanin (R-PC) were studied. The optimum temperature conditions for the growth of Gracilaria were 24-32, and the optimum temperature strip suitable for growth was obtained. The optimum light intensity conditions for the growth of Gracilaria of Gracilaria were 3000-9000lx, 6000lx was the optimum light intensity for its growth, and the optimum salinity conditions for the growth of Gracilaria were 20-35. The optimum salinity conditions for the growth of Gracilaria were higher RGR under the suitable environment conditions, and its algin protein (R-PE and R-PC) and soluble protein (SP) were the best suitable conditions for the growth of Gracilaria. High content, low MDA mass fraction and low environmental stress. The characteristics of the growth state, the degree of oxidation resistance and the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments are analyzed. A series of characteristics of Gracilaria, such as adaptation to high temperature, low light intensity and high salinity, are also suitable for summer climate and natural conditions in southern waters. The effects of nitrogen concentration, nitrogen, phosphorus ratio and photosynthetic nitrogen on the growth, soluble protein, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde and photosynthetic pigment of Gracilaria were studied under the conditions of.2. The results showed that the total inorganic nitrogen concentration suitable for the growth of Gracilaria was 156-260 mu mol/L. Under this condition, the algal body showed higher performance. The growth rate of the total inorganic nitrogen is best suitable for the growth of Gracilaria. The ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus to the growth of Gracilaria constricte is 5-10, the ratio of the optimum growth condition is 10:1. Under the condition of low nitrogen and phosphorus culture, the growth state characteristics and physiological and biochemical characteristics of Gracilaria are higher than the state of high nitrogen and phosphorus ratio. The three inorganic nitrogen suitable ratio is NO3--N:NH4+-N:NO2--N 1:8:4 or 4:8:1. constricted Gracilaria, which is more suitable for survival in the seawater environment with higher NH4+-N, and its physiological and biochemical characteristics are also stronger than that of NO3--N and NO2--N in the seawater environment.2. In the natural sea area, the annual survey found that Gracilaria Constricti was from March to September. Growth is faster, of which in May, June, three months in July, the fastest growth, the largest biomass. The spore of Gracilaria Constricti breeding in May began to reproduce until October, and 7-8 months was a reproductive period. After October, the growth slowed down and even stopped, after the sea water temperature decreased, the algae fester disappeared after.12 months, January, in the natural sea only A small amount of Gracilaria seedlings overwintered.3 in the coastal waters of Guangdong Province in April 2015. In the coastal area of the stream Sha Wan in April 2015, artificial bottom sowing was carried out by transplantation of Gracilaria Gracilaria from the natural sea area. Nylon rope clip seedlings were planted by the bottom sowing, 220 mu of artificial algae field and three different ways of Gracilaria cultivated in different ways were constructed. The survival rates of the algae were 76%, 81% and 68% respectively. In October 2015, the cultivation ropes were found, and the net curtain and bamboo pile were covered with high density of Gracilaria seedlings in different stages of growth. The population was dense, and the ideal artificial algae field could be constructed. Certain economic value is an ideal species for constructing artificial algal field, which can protect and repair offshore ecological environment.

【学位授予单位】：广东海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S917.3

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