南海中南部鸢乌贼形态学与繁殖生物学研究

发布时间：2018-05-13 19:03

本文选题：渔业 + 头足类　；参考：《上海海洋大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：鸢乌贼为暖水性的大洋性头足类,在印度洋和太平洋中均有分布,主要位于热带和亚热带海域。鸢乌贼在生态系统中扮演重要角色,是众多海洋生物的饵料和捕食者,也是渔业捕捞的主要目标鱼种之一。随着近海渔业资源的衰退,资源量巨大的南海鸢乌贼正成为一种新型的渔业捕捞对象。国内外学者已经对鸢乌贼进行了形态、年龄、生长和种群组成等方面的研究,其种群结构复杂,且研究大多关于印度洋海域。为了深入认识南海鸢乌贼的形态学和繁殖生物学方面的内容,本研究使用南海中南部海域微型群和中型群个体的胴长(ML)、右第一腕长(AL1)、右第二腕长(AL2)、右第三腕长(AL3)、右第四腕长(AL4)、右触腕长(TL)、鳍长(FL)、鳍宽(FW)、体重、纯体重、性腺重和性腺成熟度等各项指标,分析了南海鸢乌贼各形态指标和胴长之间的关系,通过模型拟合筛选获得了能够反映不同种群雌和雄性个体各形态指标与胴长关系的最佳模型,运用种群分类、主成分分析和逐步判别函数等方法对其个体的形态学差异进行了研究,并对其繁殖生物学进行了分析。研究结果如下:(1)建立了以胴长为自变量、各形态指标作为因变量的回归方程。模型拟合结果显示,两个种群雌、雄个体各形态指标和胴长的最优拟合模型都以幂函数曲线模型为主,线性函数模型和对数函数模型次之。采用幂函数模型对两个种群各形态性状和胴长关系进行比较发现,中型群雌性与微型群雌性AL1、AL2、AL3、TL、FL与ML的关系式中幂指数差异显著,中型群雌性与微型群雌性AL1、AL2、AL3、AL4、TL、FL、FW与ML的关系式中常数项差异显著;中型群雄性与微型群雄性AL1、AL2、AL3、AL4、TL、FL、FW与ML的关系式中常数项差异显著。各性状随性腺成熟度的增加而增加明显,且雌性增加值大于雄性,中型群增加值大于微型群。在鳍长与鳍宽的分析结果表明,两个种群鳍长鳍宽比随鳍长的变化具有差异,且在雄性个体中差异更加明显。(2)南海南部鸢乌贼中型群和微型群具有不同的ML分布,雌性个体中两个种群的ML非重叠范围为59-78mm和126-225mm,包含45%的中型群和10%的微型群;雄性个体中两个种群的ML非重叠范围分别为56-80mm和95-151mm,包含98%的中型群和58%的微型群。均数差异显著性检验表明,鸢乌贼两个种群的雌、雄个体在各形态比参数上均存在显著差异(P0.05):微型群雌性和雄性个体在AL1/ML、FL/ML、FW/ML上存在显著差异(P0.05);中型群雌性和雄性个体在AL1/ML、AL2/ML、AL3/ML、TL/ML、FL/ML、FW/ML上存在显著差异(P0.05)。差异系数(C.D)计算表明,鸢乌贼两个种群的形态差异总体上处于种内水平(除雄性FW/ML外,C.D均小于1.28),而雄性鸢乌贼中两个种群的FW/ML差异达到了亚种水平(C.D=1.45)。主成分分析发现第二和第三主成分分别代表各腕之间和腕与鳍之间的生长差异。依据各形态比参数进行判别分析,鸢乌贼雌性和雄性个体中两个种群的总体判别准确度分别达到85.9%和92.9%,可以为鸢乌贼种群区分提供参考。(3)研究海域的鸢乌贼中型群可分为I和II 2个群体,分别占总数的69%和31%。2个群体的雌性比例均随胴长的增大呈先减少后增加的趋势,直至达到100%;群体I雌性和雄性的初次性成熟胴长分别为164和112 mm,群体II雌性和雄性初次性成熟胴长分别为157和108mm。群体I在西沙海域和南沙海域均有独立分布区域,而群体II密集区主要分布于南沙海域。非参数检验表明:2个群体雌性和雄性个体的全部形态参数均存在显著性差异(P0.05)。在雌性鸢乌贼中,群体I和群体II的ML、AL1、AL2、AL4、TL和FW存在显著性差异(P0.05);在雄性鸢乌贼中,群体I和群体II的ML、AL1、AL2、AL3、AL4和FL存在显著性差异(P0.01)。通过计算差异系数表明,2个群体的形态差异处于种内水平。(4)中型群总体雌雄比接近于1:1,但未成熟个体以雌性为主,性成熟个体以雄性为主;微型群不论总体还是各成熟度的雌性普遍多于雄性。两个种群的性腺发育(主要为性成熟度系数、性腺指数、性腺重)具有差异。同一性别的微型群个体的性腺发育要早于中型群;同一种群的雄性个体的性腺发育要早于雌性。微型群的性腺发育与纬度之间具有相关关系。两个种群的性成熟与繁殖都具有季节性。性腺发育的不同可以作为微型群与中型群的分类依据,对生长早期的南海鸢乌贼种群分类具有实际意义。
[Abstract]:As a warm water cephalopod, it is distributed in the India ocean and the Pacific Ocean, mainly in the tropical and subtropical areas. The squid plays an important role in the ecosystem, and is the bait and predator of many marine organisms. It is also one of the main target fish for fishing. The huge South China sea squid is becoming a new fishing target. Scholars at home and abroad have studied the morphology, age, growth and population composition of the kite, and its population structure is complex, and the study is mostly about the sea area of India ocean. The study used the carcass length (ML), the right first wrist length (AL1), right second wrist long (AL2), right third wrist long (AL3), right fourth wrist (AL4), right fourth wrist, right wrist (TL), fin length (FL), fin width (FW), weight, weight, gonad weight and gonadal maturity of the South China Sea. The relationship between the index and the length of the carcass was obtained by the model fitting and screening. The optimal model was obtained to reflect the relationship between the female and the male individuals of different species and the carcass length. The morphological differences of the individual were studied by the population classification, the principal component analysis and the stepwise discriminant function. The results of the study are as follows: (1) a regression equation is established, which takes the length of the carcass as the independent variable and the index of each form as the dependent variable. The model fitting results show that the best fitting models of the morphological and carcass lengths of the two species are dominated by the power function curve model, the linear function model and the logarithmic function model are the second. The comparison of the relationship between the morphological characters and the carcass length of the two populations showed that the relationship between the female AL1, AL2, AL3, TL, FL and ML in the middle group female and the micro group was significant. The female AL1, AL2, AL3, AL4, TL, FL, and the relationship between the female and the micro group were significant differences. The constant terms of AL4, TL, FL, FW and ML have significant difference. Each character increases with the increase of gonadal maturity, and the increase value of the female is greater than that of the male, and the increase in the size of the middle group is greater than that of the microgroup. The analysis of the length of the fins and the width of the fin shows that the width ratio of fin length of the two populations is different with the length of the fin, and the difference in the male individual is different. (2) the medium and micro groups of the southern South China's kite have different ML distribution, and the ML non overlapping range of two species in female individuals is 59-78mm and 126-225mm, including 45% medium and 10% microgroups, and the non overlapping range of ML in two population of the male is 56-80mm and 95-151mm, including 98% medium and 58%. The difference of mean number difference showed that there were significant differences between the female and male individuals in the two populations of the two species of the iris: the females and the male individuals in the AL1/ML, FL/ML, and FW/ML were significantly different (P0.05), and the female and male individuals of the medium group were found in AL1/ML, AL2/ML, AL3/ML, TL/ML, FL/ML, and FW/ML. The difference coefficient (P0.05). The difference coefficient (C.D) calculation showed that the morphological difference between the two species of the iris was in the intraspecific level (except for the male FW/ML, the C.D was less than 1.28), while the FW/ML difference between the two species of the male kite reached the subspecies level (C.D=1.45). The principal component analysis found that second and third principal components were between the wrists and between the wrists, respectively. The difference of the growth between the wrist and the fin. According to the discriminant analysis of the morphological parameters, the total discrimination accuracy of the two species in the female and male species of the iris was 85.9% and 92.9%, respectively. (3) the medium group of the iris squid could be divided into 2 groups of I and II, accounting for 69% of the total. The female proportion of 31%.2 groups decreased first and then increased to 100%, and reached 100%. The first mature carcass length of I female and male population was 164 and 112 mm respectively. The female and male adult adult carcass length of population II and 108mm. group I were separately distributed in Xisha and Nansha waters, respectively. The bulk II intensive areas are mainly distributed in the Nansha sea area. Non parametric tests show that there are significant differences in all morphological parameters between the females and the male individuals of the 2 populations (P0.05). In the female iris, the ML, AL1, AL2, AL4, TL and FW of the population I and the population II are significant differences (P0.05). There was a significant difference between AL4 and FL (P0.01). By calculating the difference coefficient, the morphological difference between the 2 groups was in the intraspecific level. (4) the overall female and male ratio of the medium group was close to the 1:1, but the immature individual was dominated by the female and the sexually mature individual was dominated by the male, and the female of the micro group was more than the male. Two populations were more than the male. Gonadal development (mainly sexual maturity coefficient, gonadal index, gonadal weight) is different. The gonadal development of the individuals of the same sex is earlier than that of the medium-sized group; the gonadal development of the male individuals of the same population is earlier than that of the female. The gonadal development of the microgroups is related to the latitude. The sexual maturity and reproduction of the two populations are all with the sexual maturity and reproduction. Seasonal variation. Gonadal development can be used as a taxonomy for the micro group and the middle size group. It has practical significance for the classification of the genus squid in the early stage of the South China Sea.

【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S917.4

【参考文献】