酸橙与甜橙的遗传起源及柑橘糖酸变化初探

发布时间：2018-05-14 05:12

本文选题：柑橘 + 酸橙　；参考：《华中农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：柑橘资源分布广泛,具有变异大、多胚性、种间和属间易杂交等特点,导致柑橘具有丰富的表型差异和复杂的亲缘关系。探究柑橘的遗传起源可为再创造柑橘新种质奠定基础。酸橙与甜橙是柑橘属中重要的类型,本课题以收集的酸橙与甜橙种质资源为研究对象,用SSR分子标记分析酸橙与甜橙的遗传起源规律,对酸橙的杂交后代进行胚抢救、杂种鉴定与分子标记筛选,获得甜橙类似的材料。此外,对收集的柑橘果实材料进行常规品质测定并用GC-FID测定柑橘糖酸,分析不同柑橘品种果实糖酸变化的规律。主要研究结果如下:1.为了研究酸橙和甜橙的遗传起源模式,选取206对SSR多态性引物对橘、柚、酸橙和甜橙等材料进行分子标记分析得到。酸橙母本可能为柚,父本可能为野橘,两者与酸橙带型相似比率都达到0.79以上。推测甜橙父本可能为i*柑类型,母本可能为酸橙,两者与甜橙带型相似比率都达到0.89以上。同时基于前人的研究进展,我们推测酸橙的起源模式为:柚×橘;甜橙的起源模式可能为:(柚×橘A)×橘B。2.进一步选取与酸橙、甜橙及其可能有亲缘关系的9个柑橘品种亲缘关系分析,153对SSR多态性引物结果表明,酸橙分为两类,分别以土橘红1号和代代酸橙为代表,与两者最相似的父本为道县野橘2号,带型相似比率分别为0.89、0.85,与两者最相似的母本为吉安柚2号,带型相似比率分别为0.85、0.80。甜橙的父本可能为建柑,与甜橙带型相似比率达0.93;甜橙的母本可能为土橘红1号,与甜橙带型相似比率达0.90。3.以湖北、广东及四川3个地方的酸橙为母本,i*柑为父本,共配置4个杂交组合。得到胚挽救果实数68个,经生根诱导培养获得892个再生植株。经过SSR杂种鉴定,共获得杂种植株215株。用19对In Del引物对215株杂种后代进行筛选,最终筛选出6株类似于甜橙的株系,通过全基因组重测序分析发现,GD-137株系在2号染色体与甜橙具有极其相似的基因信息。4.对68份柑橘品种进行常规品质分析发现,柑橘属、金柑属及酒饼勒属果实之间可溶性糖、可滴定酸和抗坏血酸含量差异显著。在橘类中,野橘的可滴定酸含量显著高于栽培橘。在橙类中,高酸甜橙可滴定酸含量在1%以上,而低酸甜橙普遍在1%以下。对56份柑橘品种用GC-FID测定糖酸得到,柚类、橘类和橙类可溶性糖主要成分是果糖和蔗糖,而枸橼、柠檬以及宜昌橙主要成分是果糖和葡萄糖。大部分柑橘类型的有机酸为柠檬酸。总酸和总糖呈现极显著的负相关关系,其中柠檬酸与果糖、蔗糖和总糖都呈现显著的负相关关系。
[Abstract]:Citrus resources have the characteristics of wide distribution, large variation, polyembryony, interspecific and intergeneric hybridization, which lead to rich phenotypic differences and complex phylogenetic relationships. Exploring the genetic origin of citrus can lay a foundation for the re-creation of new citrus germplasm. Lime and Sweet Orange are important types of citrus genus. In this paper, the germplasm resources of Citrus and Sweet Orange collected were studied. The genetic origin of Citrus and Sweet Orange was analyzed by SSR molecular marker, and embryo rescue was carried out in the hybrid progeny of Citrus. Hybrid identification and molecular marker screening were used to obtain the similar materials of sweet orange. In addition, the quality of the collected citrus fruit materials was determined by GC-FID and the changes of sugar and acid in different citrus cultivars were analyzed. The main results are as follows: 1. In order to study the genetic origin pattern of lime and sweet orange, 206 pairs of SSR polymorphic primers were used to analyze the genetic origin of orange, pomelo, lime and sweet orange. It is possible that the female parent of lime is grapefruit, the male parent may be wild orange, and the similarity ratio between them and the zonal type of lime is more than 0.79. It was suggested that the male parent of sweet orange might be the type of I * orange, and the female parent might be a kind of lime. The similarity ratio between them and the zonal type of sweet orange was above 0.89. At the same time, based on the previous research progress, we speculate that the origin pattern of lime is: pomelo 脳 orange, and sweet orange may be the origin pattern of: (pomelo 脳 orange) 脳 orange B.2. Further analysis of the genetic relationship of nine citrus cultivars with acid orange, sweet orange and 9 citrus cultivars was carried out. The results of SSR polymorphic primers showed that lime could be classified into two groups, represented by Tuzhuhong 1 and generation lime, respectively. The most similar male parent was Daoxian Wild Orange 2, and the band type similarity ratio was 0.89 ~ 0.85, respectively. The most similar female parent was Ji'an Shaddock No. 2, and the band type similarity ratio was 0.85 ~ (0.80). The male parent of sweet orange may be Jian orange, and the similarity ratio with sweet orange zonal type is 0.93.The female parent of sweet orange may be Tuzuhong 1, and the similarity ratio with sweet orange belt type is 0.90.3. There were four cross combinations in Hubei, Guangdong and Sichuan, which were composed of Citrus mandarin as female parent and Citrus mandarin as male parent. The number of embryo saved fruits was 68, and 892 regenerated plants were obtained by rooting induction culture. A total of 215 hybrid plants were obtained by SSR hybrid identification. In Del primers were used to screen 215 hybrid progenies, and 6 lines similar to Sweet Orange were screened. The genetic information of GD-137 was found to be very similar to that of Sweet Orange on chromosome 2 by genome re-sequencing. The content of soluble sugar, titratable acid and ascorbic acid in 68 citrus cultivars were significantly different. The titratable acid content of wild orange was significantly higher than that of cultivated orange. In oranges, the titratable acid content of high lime is more than 1%, while that of low lime is below 1%. Fructose and sucrose were the main components of soluble sugar in Citrus, Citrus, Citrus and Yichang Orange, while fructose and glucose were the main components in Citrus, Lemon and Yichang Orange. Most citrus organic acids are citric acid. There was a significant negative correlation between total acid and total sugar, among which citric acid was negatively correlated with fructose, sucrose and total sugar.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S666

【参考文献】