淡黄花百合的引种栽培及耐热性机理探究

发布时间：2018-05-15 05:23

本文选题：淡黄花百合 + 引种栽培　；参考：《华中农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：淡黄花百合(Lilium sulphureum Baker apud Hook.f)为百合科(Liliaceae)百合属(Lilium)多年生草本植物,是我国特有的野生资源,不仅观赏价值高,耐热抗病性强,鳞茎还可食用入药。近年来随着药用百合需求剧增,大量野生资源被采挖,而人工栽培较少,其原生境遭到破坏,目前已列入中国珍惜濒危植物二级保护名录,资源现状不容乐观,亟需采取有效措施进行保护。针对以上存在的问题,本论文围绕野生淡黄花百合引种驯化、栽培繁殖及耐热性进行探究,为资源保护及应用提供理论依据。主要结论如下:1.以云南红河州采集的野生淡黄花百合(可开花种球)进行引种栽培,当年成活率可达100%,开花率为60%,初花期在6月10日,单朵花期5-7d,群体花期21d,11月下旬进入休眠期。80%的植株能够顺利越冬,次年开花率50%,初花期为7月10日,相比前一年推迟30d。淡黄花百合整个生长发育期持续近7个月,形态学性状与原生地基本相似,并且可以正常开花、结实,适宜在武汉引种栽培。2.以种子、珠芽、鳞茎作为材料,开展最佳繁殖方式探究。结果表明:淡黄花百合种子在2泥炭:1珍珠岩基质中生长较好,发芽率可达70%;鳞片扦插前不宜采用NAA处理,未处理鳞片扦插诱导率也仅22.58%,再生效果不佳;淡黄花百合珠芽不具休眠特性,采用穴盘育苗→田间种植方式进行栽培繁殖,发芽率可达93%,6个月即可得到出苗整齐、根系生长粗壮的小鳞茎。以鳞片作为外植体进行离体培养,结果表明:外植体切成0.5cm×0.5cm小方块光照培养利于鳞片诱导不定芽,此阶段最适培养基为MS+6-BA1.0mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L+蔗糖30g/L,诱导率可达60%;增殖培养阶段最适培养基为MS+6-BA1.5mg/L+NAA 0.5mg/L+蔗糖30g/L,芽苗丛生、长势健壮,增殖倍数为2.0;生根结鳞茎培养阶段最适培养基为1/2 MS+NAA 0.1mg/L+蔗糖60g/L,鳞茎增大倍数为1.94,生根率100%,叶色浓绿厚实,鳞片抱合紧密,主根粗壮,整体生长状态良好;小鳞茎移栽,成活率高达99%,30d左右可得到长势健壮的幼苗。3.以珠芽为材料,开展不同基质及施肥方案探究,结果表明:基质和施肥分别对植株生长和鳞茎产量造成显著影响,并且有互作效应。最佳组合为A1B3,基质以泥炭:珍珠岩1:1配制,施肥为氮磷钾(2:1:1),此时珠芽萌发时间集中,出苗整齐,成活率达70%,植株高度适中,健壮不易倒伏,鳞茎增产显著。4.高温处理淡黄花百合幼苗,随胁迫时间延长,植株耐热指数不断降低,相对电导率、游离脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量上升,至168h分别比对照增加2.84倍、5.56倍和1.48倍。总叶绿素含量、SOD活性呈下降趋势,至168h分别比对照下降65.75%、36.33%。CAT和POD活性在0.5h达到最大后开始下降,至168h分别比对照下降96.47%、66.6%。丙二醛含量在0.5h降至最低(比对照降低35.58%)后上升,在1h升到最大值(比对照增加1.55倍)后与对照保持平稳水平。可溶性糖含量为先上升后下降至对照水平,120h达到最大值,比对照增加1.37倍。对以上各项指标进行主成分分析和综合评价,将原来的10项指标替换为6个相互独立的综合指标,累计贡献率可达95.08%。依据综合评价D值可知,高温胁迫0.5h条件下植株表现较强耐热性。依据最优回归方程D=0.545-0.026X1+0.083X4-0.158X7+0.093X9+0.085X10,筛选出对淡黄花百合耐热性显著相关的指标为:相对电导率、丙二醛、可溶性蛋白、CAT、POD活力,有助于淡黄花百合耐热性鉴定与应用研究。
[Abstract]:Lilium Lilium (Lilium sulphureum Baker APUD Hook.f) is a perennial herb of Lilium (Lilium) of Liliaceae (Liliaceae). It is a unique wild resource in China. It is not only of high ornamental value, high heat resistance and disease resistance, but also edible for edible bulbs. In recent years, a large number of wild resources have been dug with the increasing demand of medicinal herbs, and the artificial cultivation is more than that of artificial cultivation. Less, its original habitat has been destroyed, and it has been listed as the two class protection list of endangered plants in China. The present situation of resources is not optimistic, and it is urgent to take effective measures to protect it. In view of the problems above, this paper explores the introduction and domestication of Lilium Lilium, cultivation propagation and heat tolerance in this paper, and provides a theory for the protection and application of resources. According to the main conclusions, the main conclusions are as follows: 1. the Wild Lilium lilies collected in Honghe state, Yunnan, can be introduced and cultivated. The survival rate of the year can reach 100%, the flowering rate is 60%, the first flower period is in June 10th, the single flower period is 5-7d, the flowering period is 21d, the plant that enters the dormant period of.80% in the next ten days of November can be overwintered smoothly, the flowering rate of the next year is 50%, the initial flowering period is 7 On 10 day, the whole growth and development period of 30D. Lilium lilies lasted nearly 7 months compared to the previous year. The morphological characters were basically similar to that of native land, and they could be normally flowering and fruiting. It was suitable for the introduction and cultivation of.2. seeds, bud and bulbs in Wuhan. The results showed that the seeds of Lilium Lilium were 2 mud. Carbon: the growth of 1 perlite matrix is better, the germination rate can reach 70%, the scale cuttage should not be treated with NAA before cutting, the untreated scale cuttage induction rate is only 22.58%, the regeneration effect is not good; the Lilium Lilium pearl bud does not have the dormancy characteristic, the acupoint seedling raising and field planting method is used for cultivation and reproduction, the germination rate can reach 93%, and the sprout can be obtained in 6 months. The roots grow stout small bulbs. Scales are used as explants to culture in vitro. The results show that explants cut into 0.5cm x 0.5cm small squares to induce adventitious buds. The optimum medium for this stage is MS+6-BA1.0mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L+ sucrose 30g/L, the induction rate can reach 60%, and the optimum medium of proliferation culture stage is MS+6-BA1.5mg. /L+NAA 0.5mg/L+ sucrose 30g/L, sprout shoot clusters, strong growth, multiplication multiple of 2, the most suitable medium for the rooting bulb culture stage is 1/2 MS+NAA 0.1mg/L+ sucrose 60g/L, the enlargement of bulbs is 1.94, the rooting rate is 100%, the leaf color is thick and thick, the scales are close, the main root is strong, the whole growth state is good, and the small bulb transplants, the survival rate is as high as 99%, In 30d, the growing and robust seedling.3. could be used as the material of Pearl buds to carry out different substrates and fertilization schemes. The results showed that the substrate and fertilization had a significant effect on plant growth and bulb yield, and had mutual effect. The best combination was A1B3. The matrix was made of Peat: perlite 1:1, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (2:1:1), and at this time Pearl bud The germination time was concentrated, the survival rate was 70%, the height of the plant was 70%, the height of the plant was moderate, the growth of the plant was not easy to lodge, the bulb yield increased significantly with the high temperature treatment. The heat resistance index of the plant decreased with the prolonged stress, the relative conductivity, the free proline and the soluble protein content increased, to the increase of 2.84 times, 5.56 times more than the control. And 1.48 times the total chlorophyll content, SOD activity decreased, to 168h decreased by 65.75% compared with the control, and the activity of 36.33%.CAT and POD began to decrease after the maximum 0.5h reached the maximum, and to 168h was 96.47% lower than the control, and the content of 66.6%. malondialdehyde decreased to the lowest (35.58% lower than the control) and rose to the maximum value (1.55 times higher than the control). The content of soluble sugar increased first and then dropped to the control level, and the 120h reached the maximum value, which was 1.37 times higher than that of the control. The above indexes were analyzed by principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation, and the original 10 indexes were replaced by 6 independent comprehensive indexes, and the cumulative contribution rate could reach 95.08%. based on the comprehensive evaluation of D It is known that under the condition of high temperature stress 0.5h, the plants exhibit strong heat resistance. According to the optimal regression equation D=0.545-0.026X1+0.083X4-0.158X7+0.093X9+0.085X10, a significant index for the heat resistance of Lilium Lilium is selected: relative conductivity, malondialdehyde, soluble protein, CAT, POD activity, which is helpful to the identification of heat resistance of Lilium Lilium. Use research.

【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S682.29

【参考文献】