鲁中南山地黑松及侧柏人工林土壤和林下植被的动态格局

发布时间：2018-05-15 17:48

本文选题：黑松人工林 + 侧柏人工林　；参考：《山东农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：林下植被和土壤演变过程与人工林生长发育和群落结构互为因果,共同影响人工林的群落稳定性和健康水平。本文以鲁中南山地黑松(Pinus thunbergii)人工林及侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)人工林为研究对象,采用空间序列代替时间序列的研究方法,在调查不同发育阶段林分的群落结构、林下植被、林地土壤理化性质和微生物群落特征基础上,分析了人工林生态系统土壤因子与林下植被随林龄变化的动态演变格局,以期对人工林长期经营提供理论依据。研究结果表明:(1)黑松人工林林下植被Simpson指数为HS6 aHS30 aHS50 a,Shannon-Wiener指数为HS30 aHS6 aHS50 a,Pielou均匀度指数为HS6 aHS30 aHS50 a,并且HS50a林下植被多样性指数均显著低于HS6 a、HS30 a(P0.05)。侧柏人工林林下植被Simpson指数为CB30 aCB50 aCB12 a,Shannon-Wiener指数为CB50 aCB30 aCB12a,但不同林龄间无显著差异(P0.05);Pielou均匀度指数为CB30 aCB12 aCB50 a,且CB50 a与CB12 a、CB30 a相比差异显著(P0.05)。(2)黑松人工林土壤容重为HS6 aHS30 aHS50 a,且HS6 a与HS50 a差异显著(P0.05);土壤毛管孔隙度为HS50 aHS30 aHS6 a,且HS6 a与HS50 a差异显著(P0.05)。侧柏人工林土壤容重为CB12 aCB30 aCB50 a,不同林龄间无显著差异(P0.05);土壤毛管孔隙度为CB50 aCB30 aCB12 a,不同林龄间无显著差异(P0.05)。(3)黑松人工林土壤有效磷含量以HS6 aHS50 aHS30 a,有效钾含量以HS30aHS50 aHS6 a,不同林龄阶段之间差异显著(P0.05);土壤全氮含量和有效氮含量均表现为HS30 aHS6 aHS50 a,其中HS50 a土壤全氮含量显著低于HS6 a和HS30 a,HS30 a土壤有效氮含量显著高于HS6 a和HS50 a(P0.05)。侧柏人工林土壤有效磷、有效钾含量为CB12 aCB50 aCB30 a,并且CB30 a与CB12 a、CB50 a差异显著(P0.05);土壤有效氮含量为CB12 aCB50 aCB30 a,CB30 a与CB12 a差异显著(P0.05);土壤全氮含量为CB50 aCB12 aCB30 a,且不同林龄间差异显著(P0.05)。(4)黑松人工林土壤蔗糖酶、纤维素酶活性以HS30 aHS6 aHS50 a,不同林龄阶段之间差异显著(P0.05);土壤脲酶活性随林龄增加而降低,HS50 a显著低于HS30a和HS6 a(P0.05)。侧柏人工林土壤蔗糖酶活性为CB50 aCB12 aCB30 a,且不同林龄间差异显著(P0.05);脲酶活性为CB50 aCB12 aCB30 a,且CB30 a显著低于CB12 a、CB50 a(P0.05);土壤纤维素酶活性为CB30 aCB50 aCB12 a,且CB12 a与CB30 a差异显著(P0.05)。(5)黑松人工林土壤微生物Chao1指数为HS6 aHS50 aHS30 a,且HS6 a显著高于HS30 a、HS50 a(P0.05);土壤微生物Shannon指数为HS6 aHS50 aHS30 a,且不同林龄间差异显著(P0.05);土壤微生物中Proteobacteria(变形菌门)、Actinobacteria(放线菌门)和Acidobacteria(酸杆菌门)为优势菌群。侧柏人工林Chao1指数为CB50 aCB12 aCB30 a,且CB30 a显著低于CB12 a、CB50 a(P0.05);土壤微生物Shannon指数为CB12 aCB30 aCB50 a,不同林龄阶段无显著差异(P0.05);土壤微生物中Proteobacteria(变形菌门)、Actinobacteria(放线菌门)和Acidobacteria(酸杆菌门)为绝对优势菌群。
[Abstract]:The process of understory vegetation and soil evolution was causality with the growth and development of plantation and community structure, which affected the stability and health level of plantation community. In this paper, the plantation of Pinus thunbergii and Platycladus orientalis plantation in the south mountain land of central Shandong Province was used as the research object. The spatial sequence instead of time series was used to investigate the community structure and understory vegetation of different development stages. On the basis of soil physical and chemical properties and microbial community characteristics, the dynamic evolution pattern of soil factors and undergrowth vegetation with forest age in artificial forest ecosystem was analyzed in order to provide theoretical basis for long-term management of plantation. The results showed that the Simpson index of undergrowth in Pinus tabulaeformis plantation was HS6 aHS30 aHS50 a Shannon-Wiener index, HS30 aHS6 aHS50 a Pielou evenness index was HS6 aHS30 aHS50 a, and the vegetation diversity index of HS50a forest was significantly lower than that of HS6 A H S 30 a P 0.05. The Simpson index of undergrowth vegetation of Platycladus orientalis plantation is CB30 aCB50 aCB12 a, Shannon-Wiener index is CB50 aCB30 aCB12a, but there is no significant difference among different forest ages. The evenness index of Pielou of P. orientalis is CB30 aCB12 aCB50 a, and the difference of CB50 a and CB12 A CB30a is significant (P0.05N. 2) the soil bulk density of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation is HS6. AHS30 aHS50 a, and HS6 a were significantly different from HS50 a (P 0.05), soil capillary porosity was HS50 aHS30 aHS6 a, and HS6 a was significantly different from HS50 a (P 0.05). The soil bulk density of Platycladus orientalis plantation is CB12 aCB30 aCB50 a, but there is no significant difference between different forest ages (P0.05), and the capillary porosity of soil is CB50 aCB30 aCB12 a, but there is no significant difference among different forest ages (P0.05, P0.05. 3) the available phosphorus content in soil of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation is HS6 aHS50 aHS30 a and available potassium content. For HS30aHS50 aHS6 a, there were significant differences among different forest age stages (P 0.05), and soil total nitrogen content and available nitrogen content were both HS30 aHS6 aHS50 a, in which HS50 a soil total nitrogen content was significantly lower than that of HS6 a and HS30 a HS30 year soil available nitrogen content was significantly higher than that of HS6 a and HS50 a P 0.05. Available phosphorus in soil of Platycladus orientalis plantation, The available potassium content was CB12 aCB50 aCB30 a, and the difference between CB30 a and CB12 A CB50a was significant (P 0.05); the soil available nitrogen content was CB12 aCB50 aCB30 a CB30a and CB12 a significantly different (P 0.05); the total nitrogen content of soil was CB50 aCB12 aCB30 a, and the difference between different forest ages was significant (P 0.05). The activity of cellulase in HS30 aHS6 aHS50 a was significantly different among different forest ages (P0.05A), and the soil urease activity decreased with the increase of forest age. The HS50a activity of soil urease was significantly lower than that of HS30a and HS6 P0.05a. The soil sucrase activity of Platycladus orientalis plantation was CB50 aCB12 aCB30 a, and the difference between different forest ages was significant (P 0.05), the urease activity was CB50 aCB12 aCB30 a, and CB30 a was significantly lower than that of CB12 a CB50 a P0.05, and the soil cellulase activity was CB30 aCB50 aCB12 a, and the difference between CB12 a and CB30 a was significant. The soil microbial Chao1 index of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation is HS6 aHS50 aHS30 a, and HS6 a is significantly higher than that of HS30 a HS50a P0.05N; the soil microbial Shannon index is HS6 aHS50 aHS30 a, and there are significant differences among different forest ages (P0.05); and Proteobacteria (Proteobacteria) in soil microorganism is Actinobacteria (Actinobacteriae) And Acidobacteria (acidobacterium) as the dominant flora. The Chao1 index of Platycladus orientalis plantation is CB50 aCB12 aCB30 a, and CB30 a is significantly lower than that of CB12 a CB50a P0.05N, the Shannon index of soil microorganism is CB12 aCB30 aCB50 a, there is no significant difference between different forest age stages (P0.05), and the Proteobacteria (Proteobacteria) and actinobacteria (actinobacteria) in soil microorganism are both actinobacteria and acidobacteria (acidobacteria). Phylum) is an absolute dominant flora.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S718.5

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