引进桃品种在阿拉尔垦区的生物学特性调查研究

发布时间：2018-05-22 16:32

本文选题：引进桃 + 物候期　；参考：《塔里木大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本研究以阿拉尔地区引进的中农金辉、春美、中红、春蜜、中桃2-24、锦绣、中蟠10号、中蟠11号、元春,共9个桃品种为试验材料,研究引进桃品种物候期、花器官、叶片和果实结构的特性,桃叶片、枝条、果实的生长发育规律,以及叶片光合特性和果实品质测定,明确其在本地区生长适应性。研究结果表明:(1)在阿拉尔垦区,引进桃品种在3月21日至27日之间萌芽,3月23日至3月30日之间露瓣,4月初进入开花期,花期持续8-10d,果实成熟期集中在6月-7月。观赏桃元春的花期持续18 d,成熟为7月19日。(2)引进桃品种花型多为蔷薇型,花蕾颜色多为粉色和浅粉色,花瓣相对位置多为邻接。花药颜色为黄色和浅褐色,雌蕊数为2枚,雌蕊与雄蕊等高。花粉生活力、萌发率差异明显。花冠直径26-37 mm,存在极显著差异。中农金辉表现特殊,花型为铃型,花瓣分离,花瓣横径、纵径和雄蕊数极显著小于其他品种,但花粉生活力最高。(3)桃品种叶型分为分为宽披针形和长椭圆披针形2种,叶长、叶宽和叶鲜重均无明显差异。平均为16.06 cm、9.19 cm、0.89 g,各桃品种叶面积平均为43.54 cm2。(4)蟠桃品种株高生长量变化较大,中蟠11号的干高和冠幅较大,而元春冠幅较小,中桃2-24的枝量较多。4月29日至5月5日为新梢迅速生长期,果实横径生长呈现“双S”曲线变化。(5)引进桃果实形状分为3类,蟠桃果实形状为扁平形,普通桃为椭圆形,锦绣果实形状为卵圆形。桃品种果实单果重平均为88.34 g,可食率为0.96%,硬度8.12 kg/cm2,可溶性固形物含量9.26%,可溶性含糖量可达9.12%,可滴定酸为0.33%。桃品种平均单株花芽数排列顺序为:观赏桃普通桃油桃蟠桃,其中桃元春花芽数为1539个,中蟠10号花芽数仅有211个。引进桃品种定植第二年可以结果,中农金辉自然座果率为16.47%,长中短结果枝均能结果。(6)桃品种叶绿素含量平均值为4.24 mg/g,以锦绣最高,元春最低。比叶重排列顺序为:元春春美中农金辉中桃2-24中蟠11号中蟠10号锦绣春蜜中红。引进不同桃品种的光合特性存在差异,9个桃品种的净光合速率均呈双峰型曲线,Pn顺序为:中蟠10号锦绣春蜜中蟠11号中桃2-24中红元春中农金辉春美。气孔导度日变化曲线为“双峰”型。Ci排列顺序为中农金辉中桃2-24春美中蟠10号中蟠11号中红锦绣元春春蜜。蒸腾速率均在12:00出现高峰值,大多品种水分利用率出现二次峰值,而中蟠11号无明显峰值,中农金辉和春美只出现一次峰值,中蟠10号却有3次峰值。水分利用率大小顺序为:春美中农金辉中桃2-24中红元春中蟠11号锦绣春蜜中蟠10号。综上所述,引进桃品种能够适应阿拉尔垦区的生态环境,生长表现良好,其中,中农金辉和中蟠10号表现出座果高、品质优,适应在垦区推广。
[Abstract]:In this study, 9 peach varieties, Jinhui, Chunmei, Zhonghong, Chunmei, Zhongxiu, Zhongpan 10, Zhongpan 11 and Yuanchun, which were imported from Alar area, were used as experimental materials to study the phenological period and floral organs of imported peach varieties. The characteristics of leaf and fruit structure, the growth and development of peach leaves, branches and fruits, as well as the photosynthetic characteristics of leaves and fruit quality were determined. The results showed that in Alar Reclamation area, the introduced peach varieties sprout from 21 to 27 March, and from 23 March to 30 March in early April. The flowering period lasted for 8 to 10 days, and the fruit maturation period was concentrated in June-July. The flowering period of ornamental peach Yuanchun lasted for 18 days, and the mature time was July 19. (2) the flower type of the introduced peach varieties was mostly rose type, the flower bud color was mostly pink and light pink, and the relative position of petals was adjacent to each other. The anther color is yellow and light brown, the number of pistil is 2, the pistil and stamen are high. There were significant differences in pollen viability and germination rate. The diameter of Corolla was 26-37 mm, and there was a significant difference. Zhongnong Jinhui showed special characteristics, flower type was boll type, petal separation, petal transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter and stamen number were significantly smaller than those of other varieties, but the pollen viability was the highest in peach cultivars. The leaf types of peach varieties were broadly lanceolate and long elliptical lanceolate, and the leaves were long. There was no significant difference in leaf width and fresh weight. The average plant height of flat peach variety was 16.06 cm ~ (9.19 cm ~ (-1) 0.89 g, and the leaf area of each peach variety was 43.54 cm ~ (2) ~ (4) the plant height of flat peach variety changed greatly, the dry height and crown width of Zhongpan 11 was larger, but the crown width was smaller in early spring. The number of branches in Zhongtao 2-24 is more. April 29 to May 5 is the period of rapid growth of new shoots, and the growth of fruit horizontal diameter shows "double S" curve change. (5) the fruit shape of introduced peach is divided into three categories, flat peach fruit shape is flat shape, common peach fruit shape is elliptical, and the fruit shape of flat peach is elliptical. Brocade fruit shape is oval. The average fruit weight per fruit was 88.34 g, the edible rate was 0.96, the hardness was 8.12 kg / cm ~ 2, the content of soluble solids was 9.26, the soluble sugar content was 9.12 and the titratable acid was 0.33. The order of average flower bud number per plant of peach varieties was as follows: the number of flower buds was 1539 in peaches and 211 in Zhongpan 10. In the second year of planting, the natural fruit setting rate of Jinhui was 16.47, and the average chlorophyll content of the cultivars was 4.24 mg / g, with the highest in brocade and the lowest in spring. The order of Ye Zhong arrangement is: spring, Jinhui, Jinhui, peach 2-24, Zhongpan 11, Zhongpan 10, beautiful spring honey, red. The photosynthetic characteristics of different peach varieties were different, and the net photosynthetic rate of 9 peach varieties was in the order of double peak curve (PN): Zhongpan 10, Jinxiuchun Zhongpan 11, Zhonghong Yuanchun, Zhongtao 2-24, Zhonghong yuan spring, Zhongnong Jinhui, Chunmei. The diurnal variation curve of stomatal conductance is "bimodal" type. Ci is arranged in the order of Zhonghong Jinhui peach 2-24 Chunmei Pan 10 Zhongpan 11 Zhonghong brocade Yuanchun honey. The transpiration rate had a high peak at 12:00, and the water use efficiency of most varieties had a second peak, while Zhongpan 11 had no obvious peak, Zhongnong Jinhui and Chunmei had only one peak, and Zhongpan 10 had three peaks. The order of water use efficiency was as follows: Jinhui peach 2-24, Zhongyuan spring, Zhongpan 11, beautiful spring honey Zhongpan 10. To sum up, the introduction of peach varieties can adapt to the ecological environment of Alar Reclamation area and grow well. Among them, Zhongnong Jinhui and Zhongpan No. 10 show high fruit set and excellent quality, which are suitable for popularization in reclamation area.
【学位授予单位】：塔里木大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S662.1

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